Pertemuan 4 –

Analisis Menangkap
Pengetahuan Tacit (1)
MANAJEMEN PENGETAHUAN
Kartika Dwi Chandra Sari, SE, MBA
Universitas Harapan Bangsa
Agenda
• Definisi Penangkapan pengetahuan
• Review para ahli
• Mengembangkan sebuah hubungan dengan para ahli
• Interview as a tools
 Definisi Penangkapan Pengetahuan
• Dalam Bahasa inggris menangkapan pengetahuan adalah
knowledge capture.
• Knowledge capture adalah berbagai teknik yang digunakan
untuk memperoleh aspek pengetahuan teknis individu sehingga
wawasan, pengalaman, jaringan sosial dan pembelajaran
dapat dibagi untuk mengurangi hilangnya pengetahuan
organisasi.
 Macam-macam cara yang dapat kita lakukan
dalam knowledge capture :
1. Interview
2. On-Site Observation
3. Brainstorming
4. Consensus Decision Making
5. Nominal Group Technique
6. Delphi Method
7. Repertory Grid
8. Concept Mapping
9. Blackboarding
Oleh (Yolandhamarsha, 2000).
• Terdapat beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan secara
kombinasi seperti Mix method.
• Mix method ini merupakan penggunakan lebih dari satu cara
dalam knowledge capture untuk memaksimalkan pengetahuan
yang didapat, misalnya dengan kita akan menggunakan
cara intervew, on-site observation dan delphi method.
 Proses Penciptaan
Pengetahuan
1. Sharing pengetahuan tacit;
2. Menciptakan konsep;
3. Membenarkan konsep;
4. Membangun pola dasar; dan
5. Pengetahuan lintas level

Oleh Nonaka, 1995

Proses Penciptaan Pengetahuan Proses
Bisnis Perusahaan Manufaktur Modern
IK IK
IK Knowledge Accumulation : Knowledge Externalization : EK
• Log life System • Participating in standards
• Internal trainer system formulations
• Interactive learning system • Declaration of intellectual
property
• External interactive learning
IK Knowledge Internalization : Networked Knowledge : EK
• Property right change and • Partnership
transfer • External network extension
• Relational network effect
EK EK
• Artikulasi adalah aktifitas mengeksplisitkan pengetahuan atau dari
pengetahuan tacit menjadi explicit
• Akumulasi adalah aktivitas mengkodifikasi, mengumpulkan,
menyoroti dan menyimpan pengetahuan baru yang tercipta
• Antisipasi adalah aktifitas strategic dalam mengkaitkan penciptaan
pengetahuan dengan kebutuhan organisasi mendatang.
• Pengambil alihan adalah aktivitas mendapatkan pengetahuan
kepada bagian-bagian organisasi yang lain
• Aksi adalah sebuah aktivitas menciptakan nilai dari pengetahuan
menjadi inovasi
 Process Penciptaan Pengetahuan
Knowledge Processes
Wilkstrom and
Noormann (1994)
Generative Processes
Generating New Knowledge
Product Processes
Operationalizing new
knowledge
Representative Processes
Diffusing and Transferring new
knowledge
Knowledge Knowledge Building
Conversation Phases Activities
Nonaka and Takeuchi Leonard-Barton (1995)
(1995)
Sharing tacit Knowledge Shared Problem Solving
Creating Concept Experimenting and Prototype
Justifying Concept Implementing and integrating
Building an Archetype new processes and tools
Cross Leveling Knowledge Importing knowledge from
outside
Interview as a tools
• The 5C of Interview :
• Capability and evidence of it
• Confidence their own ability
• Concern of Others and
organization
• Command and desire to
increase this
• Communication ability
• The hack for using interview :
• Know the problem, be the
solutions
• Use body Language Hack
• Tell your story
• Strengths based presentation
• Be corious
Tools for video Interviews (1)
• Structured Interviews: Structured interviews are defined as
research tools that could be more flexible in their operations are
allows more or no scope of prompting the participants to obtain
and analyze results. It is thus also known as a standardized
interview and is significantly quantitative in its approach.
• Example of a structured question for a job interview for a customer
service job :
• Can you talk about what it was like to work in customer service?
• How do you deal with an angry or upset customer?
• How do you ensure that the information you give customers is correct?
• Tell us about when you went out of your way to help a customer.
• How do you handle a lot of customers or tasks at once?
• Can you talk about how you’ve used software or tools for customer service?
Disadvantage Of Structure Interviews
1. The limited scope of assessment of obtained results.
2. The accuracy of information overpowers the detail of
information.
3. Respondents are forced to select from the provided answer
options.
4. The researcher is expected to always adhere to the list of
decided questions, irrespective of how interesting the
conversation is turning out to be with the participants.
5. A significant amount of time is required for a structured
interview
Tools for video Interviews (2)
• Semi-structured interviews offer a considerable amount of leeway
to the researcher to probe the respondents, along with maintaining
a basic interview structure. Even if it is a guided conversation
between researchers and interviewees – appreciable flexibility is
offered to the researchers. A researcher can be assured that
multiple interview rounds will not be required in the presence of
structure in this type of research interview.
• Example of a semi-structured interview question :
• Can you tell us about the marketing work you’ve done?
• What do you think are the most important parts of a marketing campaign
that works?
• Tell me about a campaign you worked on that you’re very proud of.
• How do you do research on the market and look at data to help you make
marketing decisions?
Disadvantages of semi-structured Interviews
• Participants may question the reliability factor of these
interviews due to the flexibility offered.
• Comparing two different answers becomes difficult as the
guideline for conducting interviews is not entirely followed. No
two questions will have the exact same structure, and the
result will be an inability to compare are infer results.
Tools for video Interviews (3)
• Unstructured Interviews : Also called in-depth interviews,
unstructured interviews are usually described as conversations held
with a purpose in mind – to gather data about the research study.
These interviews have the least number of questions as they lean
more towards a normal conversation but with an underlying
subject.
• Example of an unstructured interview question:
• Can you tell me about when you had to deal with something hard and how
you did it?
• What are some of the things you’re most proud of, and what did you learn
from them?
• How do you deal with ambiguity or not knowing what to do at work?
• Can you describe how you lead and how you get your team going?
• Tell me about a time when you had to take a chance and how it turned out.
Disadvantages of Unstructured Interviews
• Researchers take time to execute these interviews because
there is no structure to the interview process.
• The absence of a standardized set of questions and guidelines
indicates that its reliability of it is questionable.
• The ethics involved in these interviews are often considered
borderline upsetting.
Other Types
of
Interviews