Nama : Etha Oktavia Puspita Dewi

Nim : 1921B0008
Course : Research Methodology

Introduction Research Methodology

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the class, students will be able to :
 Understand why research is important in nursing (Memahami penelitian
itu penting dalam keperawatan)
 Discuss the need for EBP (Mendiskusikan kebutuhan EBP)
 Discuss history and future directions in nursing research (Mendiskusikan
sejarah dan arah masa depan dalam penelitian keperawatan)
 Describe characteristics of positivist and constructivist paradigm
(Mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri paradigma positivis dan konstruktivis)
 Identify and compare between quantitative and qualitative research
(Mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan antara penelitian kuantitatif dan
kualitatif)

Class Discussion Questions (pertanyaan untuk diskusi kelas)

 What was your reaction when you knew you were required to take a
research course? (reaksi ketika diminta untuk mengambil kuliah
penelitian)
 What is the value of a research course to you as a nurse? (apa nilai kursus
penelitian bagi perawat)

What is Research? (apa itu penelitian?)

 To search again (untuk mencari lagi yaitu data baru)
 To examine carefully (untuk memeriksa data dengan teliti )
 Diligent and systematic inquiry (penyelidikan yang rajin dan sistematis)
 Discovery (penemuan baru)
 Goal is to develop an empirical body of knowledge for a discipline
(Tujuannya adalah untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan empiris untuk
suatu disiplin)

Definition of Nursing Research

 A systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence about
issues of importance to nurses and their clients (Sebuah penelitian
sistematis yang dirancang untuk mengembangkan bukti yang dapat
dipercaya tentang isu-isu penting bagi perawat dan klien mereka)
 Begins with questions from practice problem, or problem encountered
(Diawali dengan pertanyaan dari soal latihan, atau soal yang dihadapi)
BSN Researcher Role
 Contribute ideas for clinical inquiries
 Assist with data collection
 Offer advice to clients about participating in a study
 Search of research evidence
Peran Peneliti BSN
• Menyumbangkan ide untuk pertanyaan klinis
• Membantu pengumpulan data
• Tawarkan saran kepada klien tentang berpartisipasi dalam studi
• Pencarian bukti penelitian
RESEARCH  SCIENTIFIC WRITING  PUBLICATION
Indexed journal : refereed, reviewed, higher scientific quality
 High impact factor : indexed by ISI-Thompson, SCOPUS
How to search? Through library online database
Non- indexed jornal : not reviewed, lower scientific quality – bulletins, magazine

Mencari jurnal malaysia  how about malaysian journal or nursing =

www.mjn.com.mv

History of Nursing Research

 Nursing research has evolved slowly over the years
 Nursing research began in the 19th century with florence nightingale
 Clinical research is the current major focus of nursing research and will
continue to be so throughout the 21st century

Florence nightingale
 Nightingale focused on the importance of a healthy environment for
patients
 Aspects of her research included :
 Ventilation
 Cleanliness
 Purity of water
 Healthy diet

Nursing research : 1900-1940s

 American journal of nursing first published in 1900
 Case studies reported in the 1920s and 1930s
 Graduate programs in nursing began in the 1920s
 Research conducted by nurses in the 1940s
Nursing research : 1950s
  1950 - American nurses association begins 5 year study of nursing
functions and activities
 1952 – nursing research published\
 BSN and MS nursing programs add research to their curricula
 1953 – institute for research and service in nursing education established
by teacher’s college colmbia university
Nursing research : 1960s
 1963 – international journal of nursing studies
 1967 – image published by sigma theta tau (now titled the journal of
nursing scholarship)
Nursing research :1970s
 1970 – ANA commission on Nursing research
 1972 – council of nurse researchers
 1978 – advances in nursing science
 1978 – research in nursing and health
 1979 – western journal of nursing research

Nursing research : 1980s

 1982-1982 – conduct and utilization of research in nursing project
(CURN)
 1983 – Annual review of nursing research
 1985 – national center foe nursing research (NCNR)
 1987 – Scholarly inquiry for nursing practice
 1988 – applied nursing research and nursing science quarterly
 1989 – agency for health care policy and research (AHCPR)
Nursing reasearch : 1990s
 1992 – clinical nursing research
 1993 – national institute of nursing research (NINR)
 1993 – Journal of nursing measurement
 1994 – qualitative health research
 AHCPR renamed agency for healthcare research and qouality (AHRQ)
 1999 – AACN position statement on nursing research

Nursing Research paradigm

 Paradigm :
 Orldview
 Way of thinking
 General perspective on world’s complexities
Research Paradigm :
1. Positivist :
  Quantitative
 Real, natural
 Deductive
 Generalization
2. Constructivist
 Qualitative
 Subjective
 Inductive
 In-depth

Quantitative research methods

 Descriptive research
 Correlational research
 Quansi-experimental research
 Experimental research

Purpose of nursing research

 Description
 Exploration
 Prediction
 Control

Purpose quantitative qualitative

identification - What is this?
What is its name?
Description How prevalent it is?
How often?
Exploration What are the related What is the nature?
factors? What is going on?
What is the process?
Prediction and control If X occur, will Y
follow?
Can it be
prevented/controlled?
Explanation What is the underlying Why does it exist?
causes? What does it means?
Does the theory explain? How did it occur?

Nursing research methods

 Quantitative research
 Qualitative research