HASRIANI 1420272693
HUDIYANA 1420272594
I. WAYAN EKA M. 1429272695
IIN INDAH WATI 1420272697
IKA AYU MENTARI 1420272698
IMELDA RAHASWARI 1420272699
IMRON ROSYADI RAHMAN 1420272700
DEFNISI
Penyakit ginjal kronis adalah kerusakan
ginjal lebih dari 3 bulan, didefinisikan sebagai
kketidaknormalan struktur luar dan fungsi dari
ginjal dengan atau tanpa penurunan GFR.
Tanda kerusakan ginjal meliputi
ketidaknormalan dari komposisi darah atau
urin atau ketidaknormalan tes data lab.
1. Asidosis Metabolik
Pemberian garam alkali seperti Natrium
bikarbonat atau asam sitrat.
2. Anemia
Pemberian ESA (eritopoetin
stimulating agen) dan Suplemen zat
besi
3. Hiperparatroid Sekunder
o Pemberian vitamin D dan/kalsimimetik
(spt calsium karbonat dan calsium
asetat)
o Pembedahan
4. Hipertensi
Modifikasi gaya hidup
FARMAKOLOGI
Therapeutic
Lifestyle Change
5. Hiperlipidemia
KASUS 1
A 62-year-old obese female with a history of diabetes and hypertension
presents to clinic for routine follow-up. Her fasting blood sugars have
been elevated recently, averaging 180 to 250 mg/dL (10 to 13.8
mmol/L).
Medical History :
Diabetes mellitus for 8 years, not currently controlled
Hypertension for 5 years, not currently controlled
Hyperlipidemia, currently managed by diet therapy
Family History: Mother is alive at age 87 with coronary artery disease;
father is deceased from diabetes; she has no siblings.
Social History: She does not work; she smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per
day, but denies alcohol or illicit drug use; she is sedentary.
Medications: Furosemide 20 mg orally daily
Nifedipine XL 30 mg orally daily
Glyburide 10 mg orally daily
Physical Examination:
Vital Signs: Blood pressure 145/92 mm Hg, pulse 82 beats per minute,
temperature 36.9°C (98.4F), Ht 5’4” (162.5 cm), Wt 190 lb (86.4 kg)
CV: Regular rate and rhythm, normal S1, S2; no murmurs, rubs or
gallops; lungs clear
Abd: Obese; no organomegaly, bruits or tenderness, (+) bowel sounds;
heme (–) stool
Exts: Trace pedal edema bilaterally; decreased sensation in feet to light
touch; no lesions
Labs (fasting):
Sodium 145 mEq/L (145 mmol/L); potassium 3.2 mEq/L (3.2 mmol/L);
chloride 112 mEq/L (112 mmol/L); carbon dioxide 26 mEq/L (26
mmol/L); blood urea nitrogen 20 mg/dL (7.14 mmol/L urea); serum
creatinine 1.4 mg/dL (123.76 μmol/L); glucose 240 mg/dL (13.32
mmol/L); total cholesterol 196 mg/dL (5.07 mmol/L); low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol 112 mg/dL (2.90 mmol/L); highdensity
lipoprotein cholesterol 28 mg/dL (0.72 mmol/L); triglycerides 280
mg/dL (3.16 mmol/L); hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) 10% (0.1); urine
microalbumin 270 mg/dL (2.7 g/L)
FAKTOR RESIKO BERKEMBANGNYA PENYAKIT
PGK PADA PASIEN?
1. Usia
2. Riwayat keluarga (Penyakit jantung koroner,
diabetes)
3. Riwayat penyakit (Diabetes, Hipertensi,
Hiperlipidemia)
4. Riwayat penggunaan obat (Furosemid)
5. Merokok
6. Obesitas
BMI = 86,4 kg/ 1,6252 = 32,72 > 30 (obesitas)
TANDA
Pemeriksaan Hasil Laboratorium Nilai Normal Keterangan
Serum 1.4 mg/dL (123.76 μmol/L); 0,6 – 1,2 mg/dL Tidak normal
creatinine
Trigliserida 280 mg/dL (3.16 mmol/L); 190 mg/dL Tidak normal
Hemaglobin 10% (0.1); 7% Tidak normal
Total cholesterol 196 mg/dL (5.07 mmol/L); 160 - 200 mg/dL Normal
HDL 28 mg/dL (0.72 mmol/L); 50 - 60 mg/dL Rendah