Oleh
Dr Suratman Worosuprojo, M.Sc.
Kompetensi Materi Pelatihan
Konsep Lahan dan Faktor-faktornya
Potensi Lahan dan Pengelolaannya
Dampak pengelolaan lahan
Dasar pengelolaan LH
Strategi pengendalian/pengawasan lahan
Peran kelembagaan dalam
pengendalian/pengawasan lahan
Prinsip pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan
Contoh masalah pengelolaan lahan
Sumberdaya lahan merupakan bagian dari
bentang lahan yang mencakup kondisi
lingkungan fisik yang penting bagi
penggunaan lahan, tidak hanya tanah tetapi
juga mencakup iklim, relief, hidrologi, vegetasi
dan tanaman yang ada dipermukaan serta
aktivitas manusia pada masa lalu dan
sekarang termasuk hewan yang
mempengaruhi penggunaan lahan sekarang
dan yang akan datang oleh manusia.
LATAR BELAKANG
• Ekosistem terbentuk oleh komponen lingkungan biotik,
abiotik, dan sosial.
• Perencanaan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup menekankan
aspek keterpaduan pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan,
vegetasi, air dan manusia dengan pendekatan Sebab,
Kewilayahan dan Keterpaduan Program
• Upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan perlu
disusun suatu konsep perencanaan yang berbasis
pendekatan ekologi dan ekonomi yang berimbang (ecology
and economic balance)
• Upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan perlu
disusun suatu konsepsi perencanaan yang berbasis
pendekatan ekologi dan ekonomi secara berimbang
MAN AS A FACTOR IN LAND
MANAGEMENT
• ADAPTASI
• IMPROVISASI
• DEGRADASI
• ADAPTASI PADA DINAMIKA
• MERUBAH DINAMIKA
PROSES KERUSAKAN
LAHAN
HUMAN ACTIVITIES
DISTURBED
LANDUSE FRAGILITY
LAND DEGRADATION
ENVIRONMENT STRESS
ENVIRONMENT HAZARD
ENVIRONMENT DISTRUCTION
ENVIRONMENT DISSASTER
Figure Natural forest
vegetation on valley,
mountains, and hills. The
trees protect the soil from
erosion and gradual
infiltration of rainwater
recharges the groundwater
aquifers. Virgin land, even in
dry climates, is able to
support considerable
vegetation if not disturbed.
The roots of trees and plants
secure the soil and hold
water, thus preserving the
area from erosion (adapted
from Leopard, 1962)
Figure Farming in the
valleys and gradual clearing
of the hills and mountains
causes increased erosion
and flooding. In arid regions,
salts are leached into the
seepage spots and
deposited in stages of
increasing salinity and
alkalinity. Cultivation of the
valleys and timber cutting on
the slopes removes roots
and bares the soils to wind
and water erosion. Floods
flush deposits of gravel from
the upper slopes down onto
the plain (adapted from
Figure Intensification in use of
steep slopes degrades all the
soils and the entire
environment. Nearly level
farm lands are degraded by
sedimentation and salinization
(in arid regions), and up lands
are eroded. Runoff is greatly
accelerated. Declining
productivity of the flats may
cause them to be abandoned
to herds of cattle. Farmers
gradually move up and up to
steeper and steeper slopes,
where the hazards of
accelerated erosion of soils
is much greater (adapted from
Leopold, 1962)
Figure destruction of the forest
reduces infiltration and
increases erosion and runoff.
Increased intensity of grazing
with larger numbers of animals
reduces and degrades the
remaining vegetation. Lost
fertility of the steeper hillsides
caused by soil erosion and
runoff renders the useless for
further cultivation and
processes of erosion by
constant overgrazing is
intensified as the cattle move
up the slopes. (adapted from
Leopold, 1962)
Figure The “Tragedy of the
commons” is evident when thr
productivity of the area is
degraded to a low level. What
was once productive in a
harmonious relationship of
soils and vegetation in the
environment is now a
wasteland destruction of the
already barren landscape occur
when there is no longer enough
browse for cattle and the area
is turned over to sheep and
goats to be stripped clean
(adapted from Leopold, 1962)
Figure The “Tragedy of the
commons” is complete when the
area serves no useful purpose. The
exploitive human and animal
populations have move on, leaving
wastelands in their wake. Total
desolation of the once fertile
region is now complete. Much of
the original topsoil has
disappeared and large sections of
bedrocks and infertile sub soils are
exposed. Although the climate may
have not changed, the increased
runoff makes the region more arid.
The dusty land can no longer
support economic activity. The
tragedy of the commons is
bequeathed onto the future
generations (adapted from
Leopold, 1962)
PENALARAN, PENETAPAN DAN PELAKSANAAN
PROGRAM AKSI PLH
GRAND DESIGN
(RENCANA INDUK PLH)
Program-program Aksi
Pengelolaan LH Masyarakat Lokal
(Act Locally)
Komitmen Politik
Masyarakat Internasional
(Think Globally)
GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE
(Penyelenggaraan kepemerintahan di bidang
Lingkungan hidup yang baik
ENVIROMENTAL
GOOD GOVERNANCE
MANAGEMENT
(PENYELENGGARA
(PENGELOLAAN
PEMERINTAHAN)
LH)
Sumber: Suratman Woro
DOKUMEN
DOKUMEN INTEGRASI
RTRW
PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN GRAND DESIGN LH
PROP/KAB DAN PROP/KAB
WILAYAH
DOKUMEN DOKUMEN
PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTASI
PENGELOLAAN LH DAN
PROGRAM PELESTARIANNYA
SEKTORAL ECOLOGIC ORIENTED
ECONOMIC ORIENTED
PEMBANGUNAN
BEROREINTASI
EKONOMI-EKOLOGI
PROBLEM
PENGELOLAAN
RENCANA
INDUK
PENJABARAN
RENCANA
INDUK
• Dampak Negatif
• Hilangnya vegetasi/tumbuhan
• Hilangnya fungsi lindung
• Perubahan fisiografi
• Perubahan penggunaan lahan
• Terancamnya cek dam
• Rusaknya jalan
• Berkurangnya wilayah resapan air/hilangnya sumber mata air
• Terbentuknya tebing-tebing terjal
Industri
• Ekosistem sungai, pencemaran akibat limbah cair
industri akan mempengaruhi kehidupan biota akuatik
sehingga jumlahnya berkurang/tercemarnya ikan.
• Apabila lokasi industri menempati ketinggian
(elevasi) yang lebih tinggi dari pemukiman
penduduk, limbah cair yang dibuang dapat
mencemari air sumur penduduk dan dampak
estetika.
• Lokasi perindustrian yang terletak di kawasan padat
penduduk dapat berakibat buruk bagi kesehatan
akibat penurunan kualitas udara.
Permukiman Kota
• Komponen Abiotik
• Iklim, temperatur meningkat, kelembaban
menurun, curah hujan menurun, kecapatan dan
arah angin berubah,
• Hidrologi, aliran permukaan meningkat,
sedimentasi, debit air sungai dan air tanah
berkurang
• Geomorfologi, menyebabkan erosi dan longsor
• Tanah, kualitas lahan menurun, kemampuan tanah
menyerap air menurun
Pengendalian PLH Penambangan
(proses penggalian, pengangkutan),
RINGAN (R) 20 - 12
Perencanaan Tata Ruang
Status Lahan
BPN
BAPEDAL/LH
BPS
Negara
Propinsi
Kabupaten
Kecamatan
Desa
RT/RW, Dusun