and Product
Positioning
Nature of Learning and
Memory
Perilaku konsumen sebagian besar merupakan
perilaku yang dipelajari (learned behavior).
Learning adalah perubahan apapun dalam konten
atau organisasi ingatan jangka panjang atau
tingkah laku dan merupakan hasil dari
pemrosesan informasi.
Information Processing, Learning, and Memory
Information Information
processing processing
system phase
Perceptual Exposure and
System Attention
Learnin
g
process Short-term Interpretation
memory and transfer
1. Semantic Memory
Semantic memory adalah pengetahuan dasar atau
perasaan yang dimiliki seseorang tentang sebuah konsep.
2. Episodic Memory
1. Explicit memory
2. Implicit memory
Learning under High and Low
Involvement
High-Involvement Learning
High-involvement learning adalah situasi dimana
konsumen termotivasi untuk memproses atau
mempelajari materi.
Low-Involvement Learning
Low-involvement learning adalah situasi dimana
konsumen hanya memiliki sedikit atau bahkan tidak ada
motivasi untuk memproses atau mempelajari materi.
Learning under High and Low
Involvement
Conditioning
Conditioning adalah serangkaian prosedur yang
digunakan marketers untuk meningkatkan
kesempatan terbentuknya asosiasi antara dua
stimuli.
o Classical Conditioning
o Operant Conditioning
Learning Theories in High and Low Involvement
Situation Learning Specific Learning Situation
Approach Learning Approach
Theory
Classical
Classical
Conditionin Conditionin
Conditionin Conditionin
g g
g g Low-
High-
involvement involvement
learning learning
Iconic
Iconic rote
rote
situation situation
Cognitive Vicarious/
Vicarious/ Cognitive
modeling
modeling
Reasoning/
Reasoning/
analogy
analogy
Learning under High and Low
Involvement
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning adalah proses
menggunakan hubungan yang sudah ada antara
satu stimulus (musik) dan respons (perasaan
senang) untuk membawa pembelajaran respons
yang sama (perasaan senang) ke stimulus yang
berbeda (merek).
Consumer Learning through
Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned
Unconditioned Unconditioned
Unconditioned
Stimulus
Stimulus Response
Response
(popular
(popular music)
music) (positive
(positive
emotion)
emotion)
Conditioned
Conditioned Conditioned
Conditioned
Stimulus
Stimulus Response
Response
(pen)
(pen) (positive
(positive
emotion)
emotion)
Learning under High and Low
Involvement
Operant Conditioning
Increased
Increased
probability
probability of
of
response
response to
to
stimulus
stimulus
The Process of Shaping in
Purchase Behavior
Consume
Consume aa free
free sample
sample of
of Rice
Rice
Popcorn
Popcorn that
that was
was sent
sent to
to your
your
home
home
Purchase
Purchase a
a second
second package
package
using
using the
the discount
discount coupon
coupon that
that
accompanied
accompanied the
the free
free sample
sample
Repurchase
Repurchase the
the product
product at
at full
full
price
price
Learning under High and Low
Involvement
Cognitive Learning
Cognitive learning meliputi seluruh aktivitas mental dari manusia saat mereka
o Analytical Reasoning
Learning to Generalize and Differentiate
o Stimulus Discrimination
o Stimulus Generalization
Learning, Memory, and
Retrieval
Strength of Learning
o Importance
o Message Involvement
o Mood
o Reinforcement
o Repetition
o Dual Coding
Learning, Memory, and
Retrieval
Memory Interference