PEMODELAN AIR
SUNGAI
MENGGUNAKAN
QUAL2KW
~Week 9~
MK. PEMODELAN LINGKUNGAN
TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA
PROSES PEMBENTUKAN MODEL
(MODEL CONSTRUCTION)
tidak
Trial-error Model
Pembangunan
Penentuan mendekati
model
koefisien model data?
ya
Verifikasi model
Headwater boundary
1
Point source
2
Point abstraction
Point abstraction
3
Point source 4
5 Non-point
6 abstraction
Non-point
7
source
8 Point source
Downstream boundary
PETA SUNGAI KALI MADIUN
Hilir
Hulu
terjunan
anak sungai
inflow outflow
i
dispersion dispersion
Qi1 Qi
25%Qnpt 25%Qnpt 50%Qnpt
i1 i i+1
Qi Qi 1 Qin,i Qab,i
start end
Bi
Hh
Hi Hd
Hi
Hw Hw
Hi+1
elev2i elev2i
elev1i+1 elev1i+1
S0
1 H 1
ss1 ss2
Q, U
B0
S 01 / 2 Ac5 / 3
Q Q = flow [m3/s], S0 = Slope [m/m],
n P2/3
n = koefisien kekasaran manning,
Q Ac = luas penampang[m2], and
U
Ac P = keliling basah [m]
KOEFISIEN KEKASARAN
MANNING
MATERIAL n
Man-made channels
Concrete 0.012
Gravel bottom with sides:
concrete 0.020
mortared stone 0.023
riprap 0.033
Natural stream channels
Clean, straight 0.025-0.04
Clean, winding and some weeds 0.03-0.05
Weeds and pools, winding 0.05
Mountain streams with boulders 0.04-0.10
Heavy brush, timber 0.05-0.20
KINETIKA DAN TRANSFER
MASSA
Kinetika Reaksi
Pelarutan/dissolution (ds)
Reaksi hydrolysis (h)
Rekasi oxidation (x)
Reaksi nitrifikasi (n), denitrification (dn)
Reaksi photosynthesis (p), death (d), and respiration/excretion (r).
Mass transfer processes
reaeration (re),
settling (s),
sediment oxygen demand (SOD),
sediment exchange (se), and sediment inorganic carbon flux (cf).
Note that the subscript x for the stoichiometric conversions stands
for chlorophyll a (a) and dry weight (d) for phytoplankton and
bottom algae, respectively
REAKSI-REAKSI KIMIA FUNDAMENTAL
• Fotosintesis dan Respirasi
P
106CO2 16NH 4 HPO 24 108H 2 O C106H 263O110 N16 P1 107O 2 14H
R
• Nitrifikasi
P
106CO2 16NO 3 HPO 24 122H 2 O + 18H +
C106H 263O110 N16 P1 138O 2
R
• Denitrifikasi
NH 4 2O 2 NO 3 H 2 O 2H
Organic Nitrogen
S no rna PhytoDeath q N BotAlgDeath ONHydr ONSettl
Organic Phospor
S po rpa PhytoDeath q P BotAlgDeath OPHydr OPSettl
Jpom cf o na o nn pi
AEROBIC
CH4(gas)
POC
ANAEROBIC