Keanekaragaman Arthropoda pada tanaman Bawang Merah

(Allium cepa)
Sunaryo Kristian
CAA115063
 AWESOME
PRESENTATION
. Bawang merah merupakan salah satu
komoditas sayuran unggulan yang sejak
lama telah diusahakan oleh petani secara
intensif. Komoditas sayuran ini termasuk ke
dalam kelompok rempah tidak bersubstitusi
yang berfungsi sebagai bumbu penyedap
makanan serta bahan obat tradisional
 Ketersediaan benih bermutu belum mencukupi
Masalah yang dihadapi 01 secara tepat.
dalam budidaya bawang
Penerapan teknik budidaya
merah,
antara lain adalah
02 yang baik dan benar belum dilakukan secara optimal.

Sarana dan
03 Prasarana masih terbatas.
Kelembagaan usaha di tingkat petani
04 Belum dapat menjadi pendukung usaha budidaya

05 Skala usaha relatif masih kecil akibat sempitnya

kepemilikan lahan dan lemahnya permodalan.

06 Produktivitas cenderung mengalami penurunan

07 Harga cenderung Berfluktuasi

08 Serangan OPT semakin bertambah.

Ciri biologis tanaman
yang terserang

(1) Daya keperidian tinggi

(2) Mortalitas alamiah rendah
(3) Siklus hidup singkat
(4) Cenderung bermigrasi
(5) Daya suai pada habitat baru kuat,
(6) daya kompetisi antar spesies rendah dan
(7) Ukuran tubuh (relatif) kecil
 Tabel serangan OPT
Stadia Tanaman Hama Penyakit
Orong – orong
(Gryllotalpa spp.)
Ulat bawang
Tanaman muda (Spodoptera exigua) Layu Fusarium (Fusarium
(1-4 MST) Ulat grayak oxysporum)
(Spodoptera litura)
Lalat pengorok daun (Liriomyza
chinensis)*
Becak ungu
(Alternaria porri)
Downy mildew
(Peronospora
destructor)
Trips (Thrips tabaci) Bercak daun cercospora
Tanaman tua Ulat bawang (S. exigua) (Cercospora duddiae)
(5-9 MST) Lalat pengorok daun Antraknose (Colletotrichum
(L. chinensis) L* gloeosporiodes)
Layu Fusarium
(F. oxysporum)
Nematoda (Dytylenchus
dissaci,Helicotylenchus
retusus)
Ngengat gudang
Umbi digudang -
(Ephestia cautella)
Hama pada tanaman bawang
 Ulat bawang (Spodoptera exigua)
Gejala serangan yang ditimbulkan oleh ulat bawang ditandai oleh adanya
lubang-lubang pada daun mulai dari tepi daun permukaan atas atau bawah

(Gambar Light trap) (Gambar . Telur, larva dan imago S. exigua )

Pengendalian dapat menggunaan lampu perangkap/light

trap.Perangkap ini didesain sedemikian rupa secara
sederhana dengan cara kerja menarik ngengat melalui
cahaya lampu dengan waktu nyala yang efektif dan efisien
jam 18.00-24.00 WIB. Dalam satu hektar dibutuhkan 25-30
unit perangkap lampu.
 Hama pada tanaman bawang
 Ulat grayak
Ulat grayak merupakan hama nokturnal yang aktif di malam hari dan akan bersembunyi pada siang hari.
Ngengat berwarna agak gelap dengan
garis putih pada sayap
B
C depannya, sedangkan sayap belakang
berwarna putih dengan bercak hitam.
Seekor ngengat betina mampu
A menghasilkan telur sebanyak 2.000 –
3.000 butir. Telur berwarna putih diletakkan
D
berkelompok dan berbulu halus seperti
diselimuti kain laken.

Perangkap light trap didesain sedemikian

rupa dengan alat sederhana yaitu lampu
dan baskom berisi air sabun. Cara kerjanya,
lampu dinyalakan pada malam hari dan
ngengat akan tertarik dengan cahaya dari
lampu tersebut. Setelah mendekat dan
hinggap pada lampu, ngengat akan jatuh ke
dalam baskom yang berisi air sabun yang
diletakkan di bawah lampu.
Hama pada tanaman bawang
 Thrips tabaci

Gejala serangan daun berwarna putih keperak-perakan .Pada serangan hebat, seluruh
areal pertanaman berwarna putih dan akhirnya tanaman mati.

Karena ukurannya  yang kecil dan tingkat  reproduksi yang tinggi, thrips sulit untuk
dikendalikan  secara  konvensional  (mekanis)  dan  biologis.
Hama pada tanaman bawang
 Lalat pengorok daun

Pada keadaan serangan berat, hampir seluruh

helaian daun penuh dengan korokan,
sehingga menjadi kering dan berwarna coklat
seperti terbakar. Larva pengorok daun bawang
merah ini dapat masuk sampai ke umbi
bawang, dan hal ini yang membedakan
dengan jenis pengorok daun yang lain

Perangkap likat warna kuning dapat digunakan untuk

menekan serangan lalat pengorok daun L. chinensis,
dipasang segera setelah tanaman bawang merah
tumbuh.
Hama pada tanaman Bawang Merah
 Orong-orong atau anjing tanah

Perangkap yang digunakan ada 2 tipe, yaitu :

perangkap tertutup dan perangkap terbuka
(pitfall trap). Perangkap tertutup dibuat dari
ember plastik berwarna abu-abu diameter 15 cm
dan tinggi 12 cm. Pada sisi ember pada bagian
dekat bibir dilobangi dan dipasang pipa paralon
pvc berdiameter 1,5 cm.

Ember ditutup dengan plastik hitam. Perangkap ini

dipasang tanpa atau dengan umpan. Perangkap terbuka
standar dibuat dari tabung selai berdiameter 3 cm dan
tinggi 7 cm. Tabung diisi dengan etilen glikol. Perangkap
dipasang di lokasi penelitian dengan cara membenamkan
ke dalam tanah sampai sedalam ukuran tinggi ember.
Perangkap diberi atap agar tidak kemasukan air hujan.
Hama pada tanaman Bawang Merah
 Orong-orong atau anjing tanah
Gejala serangan ditandai dengan layunya tanaman, karena akar tanaman rusak. Sifatnya sangat
polifag, memakan akar, umbi, tanaman muda dan serangga kecil seperti kutu daun. Lamanya daur
hidup 3 – 4 bulan.
Perangkap yang digunakan ada 2 tipe, yaitu : perangkap tertutup dan perangkap
terbuka (pitfall trap). Perangkap tertutup dibuat dari ember plastik berwarna abu-abu
diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 12 cm. Pada sisi ember pada bagian dekat bibir dilobangi
dan dipasang pipa paralon pvc berdiameter 1,5 cm. Ember ditutup dengan plastik
hitam. Perangkap ini dipasang tanpa atau dengan umpan. Perangkap terbuka
standar dibuat dari tabung selai berdiameter 3 cm dan tinggi 7 cm. Tabung diisi
dengan etilen glikol. Perangkap dipasang di lokasi penelitian dengan cara
membenamkan ke dalam tanah sampai sedalam ukuran tinggi ember. Perangkap
Anjing tanah atau orong-orong diberi atap agar tidak kemasukan air hujan.
(Gryllotalpa africana Pal)
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