Biosintesis nt purine
Biosintesis nt pyrimidine
N N N
H
Pyrimidine Purine
Keberadaan Pyrimidines
Basa Pyrimidines pada
DNA adalah cytosine dan thymine.
O
NH2
O
CH3
HN HN
HN
O N O
O N
N H H
H
Uracil Thymine Cytosine
Keberadaan Purines
Basa Purines pada DNA dan RNA adalah adenine,
guanine, dan hypoxantine.
NH2
O
N
N N
HN
N N
H H2N N N
H
Adenine Guanine
Caffeine dan Theobromine
Caffeine (kopi) dan theobromine (kopi dan teh)
mengandung purines natural.
O CH3 O CH3
H3C
N N
N HN
O N N O N N
CH3 CH3
Caffeine Theobromine
Nucleosides (ns)
Nucleoside : pyrimidine atau NH2
purine berikatan dengan gugus
sugar (pentoses (5-C sugars) N N
N N
HOCH2
Posisi purine atau pyrimidine O
dalam nucleoside adalah
sebagai basa purine atau
pyrimidines
HO OH
Nucleoside=basa nitrogen
Adenosine
purine /pyrimidine + ribosa
(a purine nucleoside)
Nucleotides (nt)
Nucleotides (nt) : nucleoside dengan gugus
phosphat yang teresterifikasi pada gugus hodroksil
(OH) dari sugar
Nucleotide = basa nitrogen purine/ pyrimidine +
ribosa + phosphate
Nucleotide trifosfat mempunyai potensial energi
NH2
N N
O O
N N
HO P O P OCH2
O
HO HO
HO OH
Derivate ns Adenosine:
Adenosine Triphosphate
(ATP)
NH2
N N
O O O
N N
HO P O P O P OCH2
O
HO HO HO
HO OH
Derivate ns Adenosine:
Adenosine 3'-5'-Cyclic Monophosphate (cAMP)
NH2
ATP + adenilsiklase
cAMP: second messenger
N N Cyclic AMP : regulator
John Buchanan (1948) "traced" asal usul dari 9 atom pembentuk cincin purine
N-1 dari aspartic acid.
N-3, N-9 dari glutamine.
C-4, C-5, N-7 dari glycine.
C-6 dari CO2.
C-2, C-8 dari THF(tetrahidrofolate) - one carbon units.
Sintesis De Novo Purine
O
COO
OOC C
2-
O3P O CH2 H N HC N N
O C4 Aspartate ADP C4
H H CH + ATP + Pi H
CH
5 CH2 5
H C C
OH N N
OH OH H2N SAICAR Synthetase COO H2N
-D-Ribose-5-Phosphate (R5P)
Ribose-5-Phosphate Ribose-5-Phosphate
ATP Carboxyamidoimidazole Ribotide (CAIR) 5-Aminoimidazole-4-(N-succinylocarboxamide)
Ribose
Phosphate ribotide (SAICAR)
ADP + Pi
Pyrophosphokinase AIR
Car boxylase
AMP Fumarate Adenylosuccinate
ATP Lyase
+HCO3 O
N
2-
O3P O CH2 H HC 4 C
O O H 2N N
O CH
H H C4
5
H O P O P O C CH
OH N C
5
OH
O O
H2N N
H2N
Ribose-5-Phosphate
Ribose-5-Phosphate
5-Aminoimidazole Ribotide (AIR)
5-Phosphoribosyl--pyrophosphate (PRPP) 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide
ADP + Pi ribotide (AICAR)
AIR
Glutamine Synthetase N10-Formyl-
+ H2O Amidophosphoribosyl THF
ATP AICAR
Transferase
Transformylase
Glutamate H O THF
+ PPi N
H2C CH C
H2N N
2- C4
O3P O CH2 NH2
O CH
H H C O 5
HN NH C
N
H H O C NH
OH OH H
Ribose-5-Phosphate Ribose-5-Phosphate
-5-Phosphoribosylamine (PRA)
Formylglycinamidine ribotide (FGAM) 5-Formaminoimidazole-4-carboxamide
Glycine ADP + ribotide (FAICAR)
+ ATP Glutamate + Pi
FGAM
GAR Synthetase H 2O
Synthetase IMP
ATP + Cyclohydrolase
ADP
Glutamine +
+ Pi H2O O
H
H2C NH2 N C N
H 2C CH HN C
4
O C CH
HC C5
2-
C O N
O3P O CH2 NH N
O N10-Formyl-THF THF O NH 2-
O3P O CH2
H H O
H H
H H H
OH
GAR Transformylase Ribose-5-Phosphate H
OH OH OH
AIR 5
FGAM FGAR
6 4
Regulasi allosteric terjadi pada tapap awal, dan AMP and GMP
are competitive inhibitors in the two branches at right.
Kabolisme Purine dan
Purine Salvage Pathway (Jalur Penyelamatan Purine)
terbentuk.
Cincin pirimidin berasal dari :
O C
O HN CH
C
HO C C CH
HN CH2 N
CH2 O
NH2 H2O
2-
C CH O3P O CH2
O
C CH O N H H
Dihydroorotase
O N H COO H H
H COO OH
OH
Dihydroorotate
Carbamoyl Aspartate Uridine Monophosphate
(UMP)
ATCase merubah Carbamoyl Phosphate menjadi
Carbamoyl Aspartate
Biosintesis de novo
pyrimidine biosynthetic
Enzim Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase II