Skizofrenia
Gangguan Skizofreniform
Gangguan Skizoafektif
Gangguan Waham menetap
Gangguan Psikotik Akut dan Sementara
Gangguan Psikotik Lain yang tidak
Terspesifikasi
Gangguan Psikotik Sekunder
Bio - psychosocial
Faktor Biologik
Hipotesis Dopamin:
Pada skizofrenia terdapat hiperaktifitas sistem
dopamine pada jaras mesolimbik dan
hipoaktifitas sistem dopamin pada jaras
mesocortikal
5 Jaras Dopamin pada Otak
Hipotesis Neurodevelopmental
pada Skizofrenia
Teori Neurodegenerative
pada Skizofrenia
Pencitraan Otak pada Skizofrenia
Faktor Psikososial
Teori Belajar
Dinamika Keluarga
Tidak ada bukti yang mengindikasikan bahwa pola keluarga
tertentu merupakan penyebab terjadinya skizofrenia.
Double Bind
Gregory Bateson and Donald Jackson
Schisms and Skewed Families
Theodore Lidz
Pseudomutual and Pseudohostile Families
Lyman Wynne
Expressed Emotion
Double Bind
Delusions
Hallucinations
Distortions or exaggerations in language and
communication
Disorganized speech
Disorganized behavior
Catatonic behavior
Agitation
Simptom Negatif
Blunted affect
Emotional withdrawal
Poor rapport
Passivity
Apathetic social withdrawal
Difficulty in abstract thinking
Lack of spontaneity
Stereotyped thinking
Alogia: restrictions in fluency and productivity of thought and
speech
Avolition: restrictions in initiation of goal-directed behavior
Anhedonia: lack of pleasure
Attentional impairment
Subtipe Skizofrenia
Paranoid
Hebefrenik
Kataton
Tidak terdiferensiasi
Residual
Skizofrenia tipe Paranoid
Psychiatric
Atypical psychosis
Autistic disorder
Brief psychotic disorder
Delusional disorder
Factitious disorder
Malingering
Mood disorders
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Personality disorders
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform disorder
Diagnosis Banding
Mood Disorders
Delusions seen with psychotic depression are typically mood
congruent and involve themes such as guilt, deserved
punishment. Psychotic symptoms resolve completely with the
resolution of depression
A full-blown manic episode often presents with delusions and
sometimes hallucinations. Delusions in mania are most often
mood congruent and typically involve grandiose themes.
Personality Disorders
Schizotypal, schizoid, and borderline personality disorders are the
personality disorders with the most similar symptoms. Severe
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may mask an
underlying schizophrenic process.
Malingering and Factitious Disorders
Diagnosis Banding
Schizophreniform disorder
The symptoms have a duration of at least 1 month but less than 6
months.
Brief psychotic disorder
The symptoms have lasted at least 1 day but less than 1 month,
and there may also be a precipitating traumatic event
Schizoaffective disorder:
a manic or depressive syndrome develops concurrently with the
major symptoms of schizophrenia
Delusional disorder
Nonbizarre delusions present for at least 1 month without other
symptoms of schizophrenia or a mood disorder
Perjalanan Penyakit dan Prognosis
Estimasi:
20 - 30 persen pasien skizofrenia dapat
menjalani kehidupan yang normal
20 - 30 persen pasien skizofrenia terus
mengalami gejala derajat sedang
40 - 60 persen pasien skizofrenia
terganggu secara bermakna oleh gejala
penyakitnya sepanjang hidupnya
Terapi Skizofrenia
Gangguan Skizofreniform
Gangguan Skizoafektif
Gangguan Waham menetap
Gangguan Psikotik Akut dan Sementara
Gangguan Psikotik Lain yang tidak
Terspesifikasi
Gangguan Skizoafektif
Gangguan Skizofreniform
Gangguan Waham Menetap
Gangguan Psikotik Akut
dan Sementara
Gangguan Psikotik Lain
yang tidak Terspesifikasi