Metabolik
Hormonal
Retensi
Kardiovaskuler Natrium
Dsfungsi Endotelial
Isolated
Systolic ≥ 140 and 90
Hypertension
Classification of JNC
Des
2013
JNC 7 JNC 8 Lifestyle modification
Continue throughout management
Eyes Brain
retinopathy stroke
Target Organ damage!!
Heart
ischaemic heart disease
Kidneys left ventricular
renal failure hypertrophy
Damages depend on:
heart failure
• How high of the blood
pressures
Peripheral arterial disease • How long the uncontrolled
and untreated high blood
presure
CAUSES AND STAGES OF CKD BY
Susceptibility
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE
Initiation
Stage 1 CKD
Genetic
Immune Progression
Race Stage 2-4
Haemodynamic
Age
Gender
Hypertension CKD
Metabolic Progression
Glycaemia Stage 3-4
Dyslipidaemia CKD
Obesity Hypertension
Infectious Proteinuria
ESRD
Toxins Dyslipidaemia
CVD Stage 5 CKD
Smoking Glycaemia
Alcohol Anaemia
Obesity
Drugs ROD
Smoking
Nutrition
Coffee
Hipertensi pada PGK
Hipertensi sebagai risiko PGK Hipertensi sebagai akibat PGK
Hiper
Retensi ↑ Tonus kalsemia
Sodium Simpatis
Aktivasi
RAAS
Penurunan masa
nefron, kerusakan
endotel, scar renal
atau cysts
Gambar : Patofisiologi hipertensi pada PGK . Dikutip dari Braam, Koomasn Ha, : Hypertension in Renal Failure in Lip
GY, Hall Je, Comprehensive Hypertention, First edition. Mosby Elsevier.p.. 693-702
Faktor prediksi progresivitas PGK
menjadi ESRD
• TD ↑TD sistolik
• eGFR
• Albuminuria
Mencegah progresivitas PGK
• Kontrol TD sesuai target dengan pilihan obat :
ACE-I, ARB, CCB, diuretika,
• Menurunkan proteinuria/albuminuria
• Diet rendah protein, diet rendah garam
• Diet rendah fosfat
• Kontrol glikemik dengan kadar HbA1c < 7%
MANAGEMENT OF
HYPERTENSION
Tujuan Terapi Hipertensi Pada PGK
NKF, 2004;2007
Lifestyle Modifications 27
Approximate SBP
Modification Recommendation
Reduction (mm Hg)
Maintain normal body weight (BMI 5–20 per 10-kg weight
Weight loss 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) loss
1. BLOOD PRESSURE
LOWERING
2. TARGET ORGAN
PROTECTION &
IMPROVEMENT
Antihypertensive Drugs
DHP, dihydropyridine;
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker
Alur Pemberian Anti Hipertensi Pada Pasien PGK
Apakah pasien non diabetic kidney disease dengan rasio Evaluasi Secara
total protein dan kreatinin ≥ 200 mg/g ? Periodik
Gambar : Alur Pemberian anti hipertensi pada pasien PGK. Dikutip dari National Kidney Foundation : Clinical Practice :
Guidelines on Hypertension and Antihypertensive Agents In Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004 ; 43:
65-214
Comparison
JNC 7 JNC 8
Lifestyle modification Lifestyle modification
Continue throughout management
KDOQI (2006)
Peningkatan tekanan darah selama atau segera
setelah hemodialisis dan menyebabkan hipertensi
post hemodialisis (post HD > 130/80 mmHg)
Etiologi
Hipertensi
Intradialisis
Charles Chazot GJ. Intradialytic hypertension: It is time to act. Nephron Clin Pract. 2010;115:182 - 8.
Patofisiologi
Kaplan NM. Kaplan's clinical Hypertension. Edisi ke-9th. philadelphia: LippocottWilliam &Wilkin;2006.
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