MANAJEMEN PERUBAHAN:

TINJAUAN AWAL

KULIAH KE-1
MANAJEMEN PERUBAHAN

KULIAH KE-1 1
Background
Nothing is last forever in the world except
for the change itself. This is the analogy
of how world is always changing.

Companies that can not adjust to the

environment will lead to destruction.

- Cameron & Green (2012)

KULIAH KE-1 2
 SEED THOUGHT
Al Qur’an memberikan seed thought, atau core
notion (meminjam istilah Robert A. Quinn
dalam Change the World) terhadap hakikat
PERUBAHAN dalam kaitannya dengan
HIDUP DAN KEHIDUPAN MANUSIA.
Sejumlah ayat Al Qur’an menunjukkan core
notion tersebut secara tepat (precisely),
diantaranya:
 QS Al Baqarah (2): 28
 QS Ar Rahman (55): 26
 QS Al Hadiid (57):KULIAH
20 KE-1 3

SEED
THOUGHT
QS Ar Rahman (55): 26-27 dunia itu hanyalah permainan
 Semua yang ada di bumi itu
akan binasa (sementara).
Dan tetap kekal Dzat
Tuhanmu yang memiliki
keagungan dan kemuliaan.
QS Al Baqarah (2): 28
 Mengapa kamu menentang
kepada Allah, padahal
tadinya kamu MATI, lalu
Allah mengHIDUPkan
kamu, kemudian kamu
diMATIkan dan
KULIAH KE-1
Ketahuilah bahwa
sesungguhnya kehidupan
dan sesuatu yang melalaikan,
perhiasan dan bermegah-
megah diantara kamu serta
berbangga-bangga tentang
banyaknya harta dan anak
(pengikut), seperti hujan yang
membuat para petani
mengagumi tanamannya
(tumbuh), kemudian tanaman
itu menjadi kering, dan kamu
lihat menguning dan
kemudian hancur. Dan di
akhirat nanti ada siksa yang
keras dan ampunan dari Allah
4
dan keridloanNya. Dan
 PERSPECTIVES OF
MANAGING CHANGE

WEAK VOLUNTARISM/ENVIRONMENTA
VOLUNTARISM
SOFT DETERMINISM DETERMINISM

At root these perspectives are based on different

guiding assumptions
concerning the relative influence of human
discretion and action
on the one hand, and environmental exigencies on
the other,
KULIAH KE-1 5
 VOLUNTARISM

Perspektif ini sangat menghargai

pilihan dan kehendak bebas (free-will)
para pengambil kebijakan strategis.
Voluntaristic perspective is the domain
of planned views of strategy and
change.

KULIAH KE-1 6
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM
DISCREATION AND CHOICE ARE
SEVERELY CONSTRAINED BY
ENVIRONMENTAL, INCLUDING
MARKET FORCES
DENGAN KATA LAIN, PERSPEKTIF INI
BERPENDAPAT ADANYA “LIMITS TO
CHOICE” BAGI PARA PENGAMBIL
KEPUTUSAN STRATEGIS.
ALIRAN PEMIKIRANNYA DISEBUT
POPULATION ECOLOGY (Aldrich, 1970)
KULIAH KE-1 7
 SOFT DETERMINATION
PERSPEKTIF INI MENDAYUNG DIANTARA 2
KARANG, ANTARA CENTRALITY DAN
KELELUASAAN PENGAMBILAN
KEPUTUSAN MANUSIA, DENGAN KONDISI
LINGKUNGAN.
TERDAPAT SUATU BAKAT NALURIAH
UNTUK MENGAMATI SALING-PERAN
(INTERPLAY) ANTARA AKTIFITAS
ORGANISASIONAL, DECISION MAKING,
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, AND
AWARENESS. KULIAH KE-1 8
 RUANG LINGKUP KAJIAN

ISSUES OF ISSUES OF
CONTEXT & CONTENT &
UNCERTAINTY SCALE

CHANGE

ISSUES OF ISSUES OF
METHOD PROCESS

KULIAH KE-1 9
 RUANG LINGKUP
Issues of context & ISSUES OF
uncertainty: berkaitan PROCESS: berkaitan
dengan pemahaman dengan “leadership of
“the why of change” change”, komitmen
dan “external dan partisipasi dalam
environment”. pengambilan
ISSUES OF keputusan
CONTENT & organisasional dan
SCALE: berkaitan pelukisan tujuan dan
dengan “the what of nilai
change”dan implikasi ISSUES OF
“scale of choice” KULIAH KE-1 METHOD: berkaitan 10
INTRODUCTION TO
ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (OD)

KULIAH KE-1 11
 WHAT IS
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT (OD)?

Organization is the planned coordination of the

activities of a number of people for the achievement of
some common explicit purpose or goal, through
division of labor and function, hierarchy of authority
and responsibility (Edgar H. Schein)
 Development is the act, process, result or state of
being developed-which in turn, means to advance, to
promote the growth of, to evolve the possibilities of, to
further, to improve, or to enhance something. An
emerging discipline aimed at improving the
effectiveness of the organization and its members by
means of a systematic KULIAH
changeKE-1 program (French, Bell
12 &
 masih tentang OD...

OD is a long range effort to improve an

organization's ability to cope with change and
its problem solving and renewal processes
through effective management of organization
culture (Harvey & Brown, 1998: 4)
OD is an effort: (i) planned, (ii) organization
wide, (iii) managed from the top, (iv) to
increase organization effectiveness and health,
through (v) planned intervention in the
organization's processes using behavioral
science knowledge KULIAH
(Beckhard,
KE-1
1992) 13
Development from Islamic
Perspective

Rafiki & Wahab (2014) about the concept of

self-development in the Qur'an. Rasulullah
SAW said: "Demanding knowledge is an
obligation for every Muslim man and
woman". Allah gives the virtue and glory to
those who are knowledgeable.

we are required to study science or in other

words increase our knowledge capacity in
order to develop toKULIAH
beKE-1
better. 14
juga masih OD...

a long-range effort to improve an

organization's problem solving and renewal
processes, particularly throuhg a more
effective and collaborative management of
organization culture with the assistance of a
change agent, or catalyst, and the use of
theory and technology of applied behavioral
science, including action research (French &
Bell)
KULIAH KE-1 15
 KARAKTERISTIK
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT

Planned Change; change is planned by managers to

achieve goals.
Collaborative approach; involve collaborative
approach and involvement
Performance orientation; emphasis on ways to
improve and enhance performance
Humanistic orientation; emphasis upon increased
opportunity & use of human potential
Systems approach; relationship among elements and
excellence
Scientific method; scientific
KULIAH KE-1
approaches supplement
16
 6 TUJUAN
PROGRAM PERUBAHAN
To increase productivity
To increase responsiveness to client
To improve competitive positioning
To increase employee involvement &
participation
To increase employee morale
To develop new managerial skills and
strategies
KULIAH KE-1 17