Jameson JL. Harrison’s endocrinology. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC; 2013.
KLASIFIKASI
Dasar klasifikasi proses patogenik yang menyebabkan hiperglikemia
Tipe 1
• Defisiensi insulin total atau hampir total
Tipe 2
• Resistensi insulin
• Kerusakan sekresi insulin
• Peningkatan produksi glukosa
Gestasional DM
• Intoleransi glukosa saat kehamilan
Jameson JL. Harrison’s endocrinology. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC; 2013.
SPEKTRU
M
DIABETES
MELLITU
S
Jameson JL. Harrison’s endocrinology. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC; 2013.
ETIOLOGI DIABETES MELLITUS
• Jameson JL. Harrison’s endocrinology. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC; 2013.
• Holt RIG, Hanley NA. Essential endocrinology and diabetes. 6th ed. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication; 2012.
ETIOLOGI LAIN
DIABETES
MELLITUS
Jameson JL. Harrison’s endocrinology. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC; 2013.
EPIDEMIOLOGI
• Glovaci D, Fan W, Wong ND. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019; 21: 21.
• World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
ESTIMASI PREVALENSI
PENDERITA DIABETES
World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
10 BESAR NEGARA DENGAN
PENDERITA DM TERBANYAK
World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
FAKTOR
• Polimorfisme region HLA
RISIKO kromosom 6: haplotype HLA DR3
dan/atau DR4
DIABETE • Polimorfisme daerah promotor
• Jameson JL. Harrison’s endocrinology. 3 rd ed. Pennsylvania: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC; 2013.
• Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM. Williams textbook of endocrinology. 13 th ed.
Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc.: 2016.
KETERKAITAN KONDISI PASIEN PADA PEMICU
DENGAN FAKTOR RISIKO DM TIPE 2
• Jameson JL. Harrison’s endocrinology. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC; 2013.
• Holt RIG, Hanley NA. Essential endocrinology and diabetes. 6th ed. United Kingdom: John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication; 2012.
• Glovaci D, Fan W, Wong ND. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.
Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019; 21: 21.
• World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. Geneva: World Health Organization;
2016.
• Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM. Williams textbook of endocrinology. 13th
ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc.: 2016.