Lapkas

RINOSINUSITIS KRONIK

Oleh:
Bunga Aulya Rahmi
2211901013
Pembimbing:
dr. Sri Marhaeni Sp.THT K-L

KEPANITERAAN KLINIK SENIOR BAGIAN

TELINGA HIDUNG TENGGOROKAN RSUD DUMAI
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER
UNIVERSITAS ABDURRAB
PEKANBARU
2022
Bab 1. Pendahuluan

 Rinosinusitis merupakan proses peradangan yang melibatkan mukosa hidung dan sinus paranasal.
Rinosinusitis dibagi menjadi kelompok akut, subakut dan kronik
 Rinosinusitis kronik adalah salah satu kondisi medis kronis yang paling umum di seluruh dunia,
mempengaruhi semua kelompok umur. Insidensinya diperkirakan 12,3% di Amerika, 10,9% di Eropa dan
13% di Cina. Rinosinusitis kronik juga merupakan kondisi yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup
pasien secara signifikan
 Rinosinusitis kronik merupakan masalah multifaktorial dalam melibatkan berbagai faktor host dan non-host.
Peran faktor-faktor seperti alergi, infeksi jamur dan bakteri enterotoksin memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.
Jelas bahwa faktor-faktor ini harus diperhitungkan dalam diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan rinosinusitis kronik
jangka panjang
 Bab II. Tinjauan pustaka

2.1 Definisi rinosinusitis kronik

Rhinosinusitis adalah peradangan simtomatis pada sinus paranasales dan cavum nasi.
Rhinosinusitis dibagi menjadi dua berdasarkan durasinya yaitu akut dan kronis. Disebut akut jika
durasinya kurang dari 4 minggu, atau kronis jika durasinya berlangsung selama 12 minggu atau
lebih

Dan ditandai dengan dua atau lebih gejala dan keluhan berupa:
 Hidung tersumbat/ obstruksi/ kongesti atau nasal discharge (anterior, posterior nasal drip).
 Nyeri atau tekanan pada wajah.
 Berkurangnya atau hilangnya sensasi penciuman.

Dan adanya peradangan ditandai dengan ditemukannya satu atau lebih hal-hal berikut ini:
 Mukus yang purulen atau edema di meatus nasi medius atau regio ethmoidalis anterior
 Polip pada cavum nasi atau meatus nasi medius, dan atau
 Pemeriksaan radiologis menunjukkan adanya peradangan pada sinus paranasal.
 Anatomi Cavum Nasi

Gambar 1. Dinding Lateral dari Cavum Nasi Dextra.8

Anatomi sinus paranasal
2.3 Epidemiologi
Data dari Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tahun 2013
menyatakan bahwa penyakit hidung dan sinus berada pada urutan ke-25
dari 50 pola penyakit peringkat utama atau sekitar 102.817 penderita rawat
jalan di rumah sakit. Data dari Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Telinga
Hidung dan Tenggorok Bedah Kepala dan Leher (THT-KL) RS. Cipto
Mangunkusumo menunjukkan angka kejadian rinosinusitis yang tinggi,
yaitu 300 penderita (69%) dari 435 penderita rawat jalan poli rinologi
yang datang selama periode Januari– Agustus 2005. Data di bagian
Rinologi-Alergi THT-KL Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin pada tahun 2011
tercatat 46% kasus rinosinusitis.
2.4 Etiologi
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