Khandre, V., Potdar, J., & Keerti, A. (2022). Preterm Birth: An Overview. Cureus, 14(12), e33006. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33006
KLASIFIKASI
• Kelahiran preterm spontan aktivasi spontan dari satu atau berbagai proses
persalinan (pematangan serviks, aktivasi membran dan desidua, serta kontraksi
uterus)
Mohapatra, V., Saraogi, S., & Misra, S. (2022). Demographic Profile, Etiology, and Perinatal Outcome Associated With Preterm Birth in a
Tertiary Hospital of Eastern India: A Retrospective Study. Cureus, 14(6), e26066.
Morbiditas pada bayi preterm
Deindl, Philipp & Diemert, Anke. (2020). From structural modalities in perinatal medicine to the frequency of preterm birth. Seminars in
Immunopathology. 42. 10.1007/s00281-020-00805-0.
Batas Viabilitas
Kelahiran sebelum 26 minggu dianggap sebagai batas
kelangsungan hidup
Fanczal, E., Berecz, B., Szijártó, A., Gasparics, Á., & Varga, P. (2020). The Prognosis of Preterm Infants Born at the Threshold of
Viability: Fog Over the Gray Zone - Population-Based Studies of Extremely Preterm Infants. Medical science monitor :
international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 26, e926947. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.926947
Lu, J., Wei, D., Shen, S. et al. 2020. Increasing trends in incidence of preterm birth among 2.5 million newborns in Guangzhou, China, 2001 to
2016: an age-period-cohort analysis. BMC Public Health 20, 1653.
FAKTOR RISIKO
Anemia, hipertensi, DM
Arnold MJ (2022). Predicting and Preventing Preterm Birth: Recommendations From ACOG. American Family Physician, 106(3), pp.: 337–
339.
Penyebab persalinan preterm
4 Penyebab Utama
Persalinan prematur spontan
Idiopathic preterm premature
tanpa penyebab yang jelas
rupture of membranes (PPROM)
dengan membrane yang intak
Zierden, H. C., Shapiro, R. L., DeLong, K., Carter, D. M., & Ensign, L. M. (2021). Next generation strategies for preventing preterm
birth. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 174, 190–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.021
Persalinan prematur spontan tanpa penyebab
yang jelas dengan membrane yang intak
Stress
Distensi
Maternal–
uterin
Fetal
Infeksi
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
Distensi Uterin
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
Stress Maternal Fetal
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
(PPROM)
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
Pencegahan Persalinan Preterm
ACOG (2021). Prediction and Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: ACOG Practice Bulletin. Obstetrics and gynecology,
138(2), pp.: e65–e90. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004479.
MANAJEMEN
PREMATURITAS
Bergantung pada beberapa faktor :
• Keadaan selaput ketuban umumnya persalinan tidak dihambat
bila selaput ketuban sudah pecah
• Pembukaan serviks sulit dicegah bila pembukaan mencapai
4cm
• Umur kehamilan makin muda usia kehamilan, upaya mencegah
persalinan makin perlu dilakukan. Persalinan dapat
dipertimbangkan bila TBJ >2000gr / kehamilan > 34 minggu
• Penyebab/ komplikasi persalinan preterm
• Kemampuan fasilitas neonatal intensive care
Arnold MJ (2022). Predicting and Preventing Preterm Birth: Recommendations From ACOG. American Family Physician, 106(3),
pp.: 337–339.
DIAGNOSIS
2. Pemeriksaan umum
· Tanda vital
· Pemeriksaan kardiotokografi (CTG)
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
DIAGNOSIS
3. Pemeriksaan spekulum steril
· Pemeriksaan pH
· Pooling cairan di vagina
· Uji Ferning (bukan pemeriksaan rutin)
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
DIAGNOSIS
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
DIAGNOSIS
7. Pemeriksaan laboratorium
· Kultur urin
· Kulur Klamidia/gonore
· Pemeriksaan fFN pada wanita usia < 34 minggu, dilatasi servikal <3cm dan panjang
cervikal antara 2-3 cm pada TVS
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
Konservatif Kehamilan
IUFD
Lethal fetal anomaly
Status janin yang tidak meyakinkan
PEB atau Eklampsia
Perdarahan ibu dengan ketidakstabilan hemodinamik
Infeksi intraamnion
KPD
Kontraindikasi medis terhadap obat tokolitik
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
JENIS-JENIS TOKOLITIK
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
JENIS-JENIS TOKOLITIK
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
JENIS-JENIS TOKOLITIK
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
29
JENIS-JENIS
TOKOLITIK
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
30
JENIS-JENIS TOKOLITIK
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
31
ANTENATAL STEROID
Bethametasone 12 mg IM q 24 jam x 2 dosis
Dexamethasone 6 mg IV q 12 jam x 4 dosis
Waspada penggunaan steroid pada infeksi dan pada diabetes serta multi gestasi
Kapan dimulai?
• Usia kehamilan 24 – 34 minggu yang memiliki risiko persalinan dalam waktu 7 hari
• Administrasi profilaksis → tergantung diagnosis dan risiko
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
ANTENATAL MgSO4 (NEUROPROTEKTOR)
• Untuk neuroproteksi otak janin
• MgSO4 bolus 4 g iv selama 20 menit, dilanjutkan dosis
pemeliharaan 1 g/jam selama 24 jam
Kapan diberikan?
Usia kehamilan 24 sampai 31+6
Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series –
Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
Manajemen PPROM
Jain JA and Gyamfi-Bannerman C (2022). Preterm Labor. Evidence-based Obstetrics and Gynecology, pp.: 385–395. doi:
10.1002/9781119072980.ch37.
KEPUTUSAN UNTUK PERSALINAN
Peter von Dadelszen. 2020. Advances in Labour and Risk Management. ALARM International 4th Edition.
PERSALINAN PADA PRETERM
• Bila janin persentase kepala diperbolehkan partus pervaginam
• SC tidak diindikasikan sebagai dasar prematuritas SC hanya dilakukan atas indikasi
obstetrik
• SC tidak memberi prognosis yang lebih baik bagi bayi, bahkan merugikan ibu
• Pada kehamilan letak sungsang 30-34 minggu SC dapat dipertimbangkan, >34 minggu
persalinan dibiarkan terjadi karena morbiditas dianggap sama dengan kehamilan aterm
• Profilaksis outlet forceps tidak direkomendasikan
• Episiotomi rutin tidak diindikasikan
• Dibutuhkan tenaga kesehatan dengan kemampuan resusitasi neonatus
• Menunda pemasangan klem tali pusat selama 30 detik–3 menit untuk memfasilitasi
transfer oksigen
Mahwasane, T., Maputle, M. S., Simane-Netshisaulu, K. G., & Malwela, T. (2020). Provision of Care to Preterm Infants at Resource Limited
Health Facilities of Mopani District, South Africa. Annals of global health, 86(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2555
Daftar Pustaka
• ACOG (2021). Prediction and Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: ACOG
Practice Bulletin. Obstetrics and gynecology, 138(2), pp.: e65–e90. doi:
10.1097/AOG.0000000000004479.
• Arnold MJ (2022). Predicting and Preventing Preterm Birth: Recommendations From
ACOG. American Family Physician, 106(3), pp.: 337–339.
• Dadelszen P. 2020. Advances in Labour and Risk Management. ALARM
International 4th Edition.
• Deindl, Philipp & Diemert, Anke. (2020). From structural modalities in perinatal
medicine to the frequency of preterm birth. Seminars in Immunopathology. 42.
10.1007/s00281-020-00805-0.
• Fanczal, E., Berecz, B., Szijártó, A., Gasparics, Á., & Varga, P. (2020). The Prognosis
of Preterm Infants Born at the Threshold of Viability: Fog Over the Gray Zone -
Population-Based Studies of Extremely Preterm Infants. Medical science monitor :
international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 26, e926947.
https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.926947
Daftar Pustaka
• Jain JA and Gyamfi-Bannerman C (2022). Preterm Labor. Evidence-based Obstetrics
and Gynecology, pp.: 385–395. doi: 10.1002/9781119072980.ch37.
• Lalani, Z.V., Wanyonyi, S. (2021). Common Obstetric Condition. The Continuous
Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series – Obstetrics Module Volume 10.
• Lu, J., Wei, D., Shen, S. et al. 2020. Increasing trends in incidence of preterm birth
among 2.5 million newborns in Guangzhou, China, 2001 to 2016: an age-period-
cohort analysis. BMC Public Health 20, 1653.
• Mahwasane, T., Maputle, M. S., Simane-Netshisaulu, K. G., & Malwela, T. (2020).
Provision of Care to Preterm Infants at Resource Limited Health Facilities of Mopani
District, South Africa. Annals of global health, 86(1), 10.
https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2555
• Mohapatra, V., Saraogi, S., & Misra, S. (2022). Demographic Profile, Etiology, and
Perinatal Outcome Associated With Preterm Birth in a Tertiary Hospital of Eastern
India: A Retrospective Study. Cureus, 14(6), e26066.
Daftar Pustaka
• NICE. 2022. Preterm Labour and Birth : NICE Full Guidline
• Ronzoni S, Isabelle Y, Mark H., Jillian P, et al. 2022. Guideline No. 430: Diagnosis
and management of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology Canada , Volume 44, Issue 11, 1193 - 1208.e1
• Suman V, Luther EE. 2023. Preterm Labor. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls
Publishing
• Zierden, H. C., Shapiro, R. L., DeLong, K., Carter, D. M., & Ensign, L. M. (2021).
Next generation strategies for preventing preterm birth. Advanced drug delivery
reviews, 174, 190–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.021
TERIMAKASIH