PUSAT PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUM KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA OLEH ENTHERAN S. MANIAM SEKOLAH SUKAN BUKIT JALIL, KUALA LUMPUR (1.4.2003) 2 Perancangan Program Latihan (Hasil Pembelajaran) Menerangkan fasa-fasa latihan Menerangkan perkaitan antara angkubah periodisasi (isipadu, intensiti & prestasi) Menerangkan kesan `super compensation & `tapering off ke atas pemuncakan Membuat pemetaan periodisasi latihan Mengenal pasti komponen tertentu yang harus diberi penekanan pada fasa-fasa tertentu latihan dalam satu program latihan Menerangkan kepentingan persediaan untuk pertandingan dari segi fizikal, teknikal, taktikal &
3 PROSES PEMBAHAGIAN PERANCANGAN PELAN/PROGRAM LATIHAN KEPADA BEBERAPA BAHAGIAN KECIL YANG DAPAT DIURUSKAN DENGAN LEBIH SISTEMATIK & EFEKTIF 4 1. MEMUDAHKAN PENYEDIAAN PROGRAM LATIHAN. 2. GARIS PANDUAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN PENCAPAIAN PUNCAK (`PEAKING). 3. MUDAH MERAMALKAN HASIL/PENCAPAIAN MATLAMAT. 4. MEMBANTU JURULATIH & ATLET MENJALANI LATIHAN DENGAN LEBIH SISTEMATIK. 5. MEMUDAHKAN PROSES PEMANTAUAN & PENILAIAN 5 PELAN FASA-FASA YANG MUDAH DIURUS MANIPULASI PEMBOLEHUBAH `ACUTE & KRONIK PRINSIP-PRINSIP LATIHAN KESEDIAAN ASPEK FISIOLOGI DAN MENGELAK `OVERTRAINING & KECEDERAAN 6 1. FASA-FASA LATIHAN 2. MESO (1-3 BULAN) 3. MAKRO (2-8 MINGGU) 4. MIKRO (7 HARI) 5. SESI (1-3 UNIT) 7 1. FASA PERSEDIAAN - UMUM - KHUSUS
2. FASA PERTANDINGAN - PRA-PERTANDINGAN - PERTANDINGAN
3. FASA TRANSISI
8 (PALING PENTING KERANA KURANGNYA TUMPUAN DI FASA INI AKAN MENJEJASKAN PERSEDIAAN FASA-FASA YANG BERIKUT)
TUMPUAN 1. Pembinaan kecergasan fizikal menyeluruh (daya tahan kardiovaskulkar, daya tahan otot, kekuatan asas) 2. Isipadu Latihan (85% - 100%) Intensiti Latihan (40% - 70%) 3. Jangka Masa (6 14 minggu) 4. Kaedah Latihan (LSD, Fartlek, Jeda Jarak Jauh, Bebanan- A.A) 5. Ujian Pra-Kecergasan
9 TUMPUAN 1. Penekanan kepada komponan fizikal yang lebih dominan dalam sesuatu sukan/acara a) Acara Daya Tahan (sistem aerobik) Isipadu & Intensiti Latihan (85% - 100%) b) Acara Berasaskan Kelajuan & Kekuatan(sistem anaerobik) Isipadu Latihan (65% - 80%) Intensiti Latihan (sehingga 95%) 2. Jangka Masa (6-10 minggu) 3. Kaedah Latihan a) Daya Tahan (LSD, Fartlek, Jeda Jarak Sederhana & Jauh, Bebenan) b) Kelajuan & Kekuatan (Jeda Jarak Dekat & Sederhana, pecutan berulang, Litar & Bebanan) 10 TUMPUAN 1. Penekanan komponen khusus sesuatu sukan; tingkatkan/kekal tahap kecergasan melalui simulasi, permainan kecil/sebenar, ujian masa 2. Isipadu Latihan (60% - 70%) 3. Intensiti bergantung kepada keperluan sebenar sukan (80%- 100%) 4. Jangka Masa (6-8 minggu) 5. Kaedah Latihan a) Daya Tahan (Bebanan, Jeda bercampur) b) Kelajuan & kekuatan (Pecutan berulang, jeda jarak dekat, tekanan, pliometrik) 6. Ujian Pasca Kecergasan 11 TUMPUAN 1. Pemulihan fisiologi, , rawatan Kecederaan & atasi kebosanan 2. Menilai prestasi atlet & keberkesanan program latihan (merancang program latihan musim yang akan datang) 3. Tahap kecergasan (perlu dikekalkan : 40-60% kemampuan maksimum atlet) 4. Jangka Masa (bergantung kepada musim & format pertandingan) 12 TUMPUAN 1. Pengekalan kecergasan optimum yang diperlukan oleh sukan berkaitan 2. `Tapering (ubahsuaian isipadu & intensiti) 3. Penilaian melalui permainan sebenar/ujian masa 4. Isipadu ( 60%) Intensiti ( 100%) 5. Jangka Masa (masa & format pertandingan : 3-4 minggu) 6. Kaedah Latihan (Kaedah yang telah diamalkan dalam fasa-fasa sebelum ini boleh diamalkan tetapi kekerapan Kekerapan 13 FIZIKAL (Biomotor ) TEKNIKAL (Kaedah-kaedah Latihan : Kemahiran ) TAKTIKAL (Strategi ) PSIKOLOGI (Penetapan Matlamat, Motivasi, Kawal kebimbangan, visualisasi) 14 RINGKASAN PROGRAM LATIHAN PERSEDIAAN `PRE-COMP `COMP TRANSISI
OBJEKTIF AEROBIK SECARA ANSUR MAJU KEPANTASAN, KUASA, DAYA TAHAN, LATIHAN SPESIFIK `TAPERING TAHAP KERJA UNTUK HADAPI PERTANDINGAN LATIHAN SECARA ANSUR MAJU
INTENSITI AM PERMULAAN AKHIR
`TAPERING OFF BERCAMPUR (Buat Perancangan untuk musim akan datang)
ISIPADU LATIHAN
`TAPERING OFF SECARA ANSUR MAJU
J/MASA (MINGGU)
15 24
15 21
3 8
9 12 15 JANGKA MASA BERGANTUNG KEPADA OBJEKTIF & TAHAP LATIHAN
MERANGKUMI 1. Pengenalan (3-5 minit) 2. Memanaskan Badan (10-30 minit) 3. Tumpuan Utama (30 minit 2 jam) 4. Gerak kendur (10-30 minit) 5. Perbincangan (3-5 minit)
16 FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI LATIHAN TEMPOH KESELURUHAN PROGRAM TAHAP MULA KECERGASAN PELAKU/ATLET JENIS AKTIVITI LATIHAN KEKERAPAN LATIHAN INTENSITI PERLAKUAN TEMPOH MASA LATIHAN
17 1. ISIPADU 2. INTENSITI 3. PRESTASI (Super Compensation) Super compensation Stimulus Compensation Fatigue 18 HR=120BPM REGRESSION COMPENSATION HR=170BPM (RECOVERY) KEUPAYAAN BARU SUPER COMPENSATION INVOLUTION pulih dari keupayaan biasa untuk hadapi tekanan baru x tekanan prestasi 19 KONSEP ASAS PERANCANGAN PROGRAM LATIHAN S - SPECIFIC A - ADAPTATION I - INCREASED D - DEMAND
REGRESSION COMPENSATION SUPER COMPENSATION INVOLUTION FENOMENA RANGSANGAN YANG DIBERI KADAR KEUPAYAAN REHAT (recovery) PRESTASI PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BERLAKU HASIL DARI FENOMENA `SUPER COMPENSATION 20 PERKARA PENTING SEMASA PERANCANGAN PROGRAM LATIHAN MATLAMAT JANGKAMASA (1,2,3,4 TAHUN PENDEK/PANJANG) BILANGAN PELATIH KUMPULAN SASARAN (TAHAP PELATIH/ATLET UMUR & STATUS) MAKLUMAT LATIHAN (BIODATA PELATIH & TAHAP KECERGASANNYA) KAEDAH KEMUDAHAN
21 : MIDDLE & LONG DISTANCE : : MONTHS WEEKENDS 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 DOMESTICS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X INTERNATIONAL X X X TRAINING PHASE STRENGTH ENDURANCE SPEED MACRO-CYCLES MICRO-CYCLES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 X X X H 100% VOLUME 90% INTENSITY 80% PEAKING 70% 60% 50% 90% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 90% PHYSICAL PREP. 40% 70% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 70% TECHNICAL PREP. 30% 50% 60% 50% 60% 60% 70% 60% 50% 50% 50% 50% TACTICAL PREP. 20% 40% 40% PSYCHOLOGY PREP. 10% 20% 20% 6 7 8 COMP 2 COMP 3 SPE PREPARATION 2 TRANSITION GENERAL STRENGTH 9 ANAEROBIC SPEED ENDURANCE MAXIMAL SPEED COMPETITION MAINTENANCE PREPARATION BASIC SPEED AEROBIC BASIC SPEED AEROBIC GEN PREPARATION SPE PREPARATION 1 PRE COMP 1 MAINTENANCE COPM 1 PRE COMP 2 TRANSITION P E R A K
O P E N
M E E T ,
I P O H ,
P K P E N A N G
O P E N M A A U
O P E N
M E E T ,
K L 1 2 3 GENERAL STRENGTH MUSCULAR STRENGTH 4 5 I S S F
M E E T ,
I S T A N B U L ,
T U R K E Y F T A A A
O P E N
M E E T ,
K L N A T I O N A L
J U N I O R S ,
K L S P O R T E X C E L ,
K L
NOV C A L E N D A R
O F
C O M P E T I T I O N S X - C O U N T R Y , S ' G O R K L
M A R A T H O N ,
K L N I K E
1 0 K M
R U N ,
K L F T
A A A
U N D E R
&
O V E R
D I S T A N C E ,
K L F T A A A
A L L
C O M E R S / J U N I O R S ,
K L P K A A A
J U N I O R S ,
I P O H ,
P K L A R I A N
P E R D A N A
M A K S A K ,
P U T R A J A Y A ,
K L S ' G O R
J U N N I O R S ,
K E L A N A
J A Y A ,
S ` G O R JULY AUG SEPT OCT MAC APRIL MAY JUNE DATES DEC JAN FEB JUNIOR MEET 6. STANDING START 3. SPEED ENDURANCE 5. CURVE RUNNING (A.A., GENERAL, MUSCULAR) 4. BODY LEAN SCHOOL MEET 4. TIME CLOCKED AT COMP. 3. CLOCK PB IN NATIONAL 3. FOOT PLACEMENT 3. FINAL KICK 3. +VE SELF TALK 5. IMAGERY 4. CONCENTRATION 4. RAJA MOHAN (16 YRS) 2. QUALIFY TO ASEAN 3. SCHOOL FITNESS TEST 2. STRENGTH TRAINING 2. ARMMOVEMENT 2. OVERTAKING 2. RELAXATION 2. NOR AMELIA MUSA (17 YRS) 3. MELVINDER SINGH (16 YRS) IN MSSMMEET 2. EVENT SPECIFIC TEST (AEROBIC + ANAEROBIC) 1. CLOCK PERSONAL BEST 1. FITNESS TEST 1. CARDIOVASCULAR END. TRAINING OBJECTIVES TECHNICAL PREPARATIONS TACTICAL PREPARATIONS PSYCHOLOGY PREP. 1. RUNNING STYLE + FORM 1. PACE RUNNING 1. GOAL SETTING 1. SHASHI KUMAR (18 YRS) PERFORMANCE TESTS/STANDARDS PHYSICAL PREPARATIONS THE CHART OF THE ANNUAL PLAN TYPE YEAR 2002-2003 COACH A. TRAPADI ENTHERAN S. MANIAM ATHLETE'S NAME' P A H A N G
J U N I O R S ,
K U A N T A N ,
P H G HOLS/CAMP/SEMI-CAMP MAJOR TRAINING PERIODS R =
1 - 2 R =
1 - 2 H O N G
K O N G
J U N I O R S P A H A N G
O P E N ,
K U A N T A N ,
P H G T H A I L A N D
J U N I O R S M S S M ,
M A L A C C A M A L A C C A
J U N I O R S ,
M ` C A K E D A H
R E L A Y ,
A L O R
S E T A R ,
K D H C A M E R O N
H I G H L A N D S / T H A I L A N D / I N D O N E S I A TR = 5 WEEKS TR = 9 WEEKS TR = 7 WEEKS R =
1 - 2 TR = 9 WEEKS TR = 9 WEEKS R =
2 - 4 R =
2 - 4 MEETS/LOCATION MEDICAL CONTROL DATES TR = 8 WEEKS PEAKING INDEX TESTING DATES P E R I O D I Z A T I O N MESOCYCLES T R A I N I N G
F A C T O R S 22 HOW TO PLAN A TRAINING YEAR (WORK BACKWARDS FROM THE GOAL) Competition selection Competition classification Identify the Phases & Cycles `Block the various phases (training, tapering, recovery, etc.) Identify assessment & evaluation requirement (testing, skill, ability, strengths, weakness, etc.) Begin manipulation of acute & chronic training variables
23 PHASE : GENERAL PREPARATION WEEK : 6 DATE : 6 11 JANUARY 2003 WEEKLY TRAINING HOURS : 16
DAY TIME MONDAY (6.1.03) TUESDAY (7.1.03) WEDNESDAY (8.1.03) THURSDAY (9.1.03) FRIDAY (10.1.03) SATURDAY (11.1.03) SUNDAY (12.1.03)
AM
REST
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching - Drills
Main Endurance - 20 mins run
Limber (15) - Stretching - Drills
REST
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Endurance - 20 mins run + Drills
Limber (15) - Stretching
REST
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Endurance - 30-45 mins run - Drills Interval - 80M X 10/13-15s
Limber (15) - Stretching
REST
PM
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Speed Workout - 5 X 40M - 5 X 60M - 1 X 100M R = 2, R btwn Sets = 5mins
Limber (15) - Stretching
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Endurance - Minute Run (1,2,3,4,5,5,4,3,2,1) - Drills
Limber (15) - Stretching
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Endurance - Fartlek (20 mins) - Drills
Limber (15) - Stretching
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Muscular Endurance - Hill (80M X 10-12) - Striding (300M X 1)
Limber (15) - Stretching
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Speed Workout - 5 X 60M - 5 X 80M - 1 X 150M R = 2, R btwn Sets = 5mins
Limber (15) - Stretching
REST
REST
24 PHASE : SPECIFIC PREPARATION WEEK : 16 DATE : 17 - 23 MAC 2003 WEEKLY TRAINING HOURS : 10
DAY TIME MONDAY (17.3.03) TUESDAY (18.3.03) WEDNESDAY (19.3.03) THURSDAY (20.3.03) FRIDAY (21.3.03) SATURDAY (22.3.03) SUNDAY (23.3.03)
AM
REST
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Endurance - 20-30 mins run - Drills (Exeercise Sit Up, Back Arch)
Limber (15) - Stretching
REST
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Endurance - 20-30 mins run - Drills (Exercise: Chin Up + Push Up)
Limber (15) - Stretching
REST
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main (Tapering) Endurance - 15-20 mins - Drills
Limber (15) - Stretching
C O M P E T I T I O N
( F T A A A
J U N I O R
M E E T )
PM
Warm-up (15) - Jogging - Stretching
Main Speed Workout - 5 X 40M - 5 X 60M - 1 X 100M R = 2, R btwn Sets = 5mins