Masa Orientasi Siswa

SMP Negeri 1 Surabaya

Tahun Ajaran 2010/2011

Suku Moronene

Nama: Shaquilla Tarisa Nasmiarta

Kelas: Moronene

Bahasa Indonesia
Secara historis, wilayah Moronene di daratan besar jazirah Sulawesi Tenggara mencakup
sebagian Kecamatan Watubangga di Kabupaten Kolaka sekarang. Pulau Kabaena juga termasuk
wilayah Moronene, sebab penduduk asli pulau penghasil gula merah itu adalah suku Moronene.
Masyarakat adat dari etnis Moronene yang masih ada tinggal berjumlah 35.100 jiwa. Yang secara
geografis tinggal bermukim dan menyebar di bagian selatan wilayah daratan Sulawesi Tenggara dan
sebagian di Pulau Kabaena. Suku Moronene adalah komunitas tertua yang mendiami daratan Sulawesi
Tenggara. Namun dalam perkembangannya masyarakat adat moronene termarginalkan secara politik,
ekonomi maupun eksistensi budaya-nya, sehingga masyarakat adat moronene telah menjadi kelompok
minoritas di Sulawesi Tenggara. Masyarakat lokal dari etnis moronene , sebenarnya dari dahulu kala
dikenal memiliki karakter yang khas sebagai satu kelompok komunitas adat yang menjujung tinggi nilainilai kedamaian, ketenangan dan kesederhanaan. Sehingga setiap ada perselisihan dengan pihak lain
mereka selalu memilih mengalah dan menghindar mencari tempat hidup yang lain. Cerminan atas
karakter yang dimaksud dapat disaksikan dalam kehidupan sosial, ekonomi dan budaya-nya sehari-hari;
(i) pola hidup mereka sangat sederhana dan senang bermukim berkelompok dalam jumlah yang sedikit
( biasanya satu rumupun ), (ii) rumah-rumah mereka lebih banyak dari bahan-bahan bambu yang ada
disekitar kebun mereka, (iii) sehingga saat mereka harus menyebar mencari tempat lain untuk
menghindari konflik ditempat semula, maka penyedian rumah di tempat baru bagi mereka tidak dijadikan
beban atau masaalah, (iii) umumnya komunitas adat moronene senang dengan kegiatan pesta keramaian
dengan menggunakan perlengkapan pesta di dominasi oleh warna-warna cerah. Walaupun belum ada
hasil penelitian untuk membuktikan, tapi mungkin saja ciri khas dan karakter komunitas adat etnis
moronene yang di gambarkan di-atas , menyebabkan tersingkirnya generasi-generasi komunitas etnis
moronene secara perlahan-lahan dalam percaturan kehidupan politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya dari
masa ke masa. generasi pertama dari rumpun etnis moronene-lah yang mempunyai peran, fungsi dan
posisi strategis dalam penghidupan masyarakat pada saat itu, disamping itu pastilah rumpun etnis

moronene yang memiliki kekuasaan tak terbatas atas wilayah serta sumber-sumber agraria/SDA yang
ada di jasirah Sulawesi Tenggara.
Moronene adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak kelompok masyarakat adat-dulu sering
disalahartikan sebagai suku terasing-di Sulawesi Tenggara. Moronene adalah suku asli pertama yang
mendiami wilayah itu. Namun, pamornya kalah dibanding suku Tolaki karena di abad ke-18 kerajaan suku
Moronene-luas wilayahnya hampir 3.400 kilometer persegi-kalah dari kerajaan suku Tolaki. Kata "moro"
dalam bahasa setempat berarti serupa, sedangkan "nene" artinya pohon resam, sejenis paku yang
biasanya hidup mengelompok. Kulit batangnya bisa dijadikan tali, sedangkan daunnya adalah
pembungkus kue lemper. Resam hidup subur di daerah lembah atau pinggiran sungai yang mengandung
banyak air. Sebagai petani, peramu, dan pemburu, suku Moronene memang hidup di kawasan sumber
air. Mereka tergolong suku bangsa dari rumpun Melayu Tua yang datang dari Hindia Belakang pada
zaman prasejarah atau zaman batu muda, kira-kira 2.000 tahun sebelum Masehi.
Tidak diketahui kapan tepatnya suku Moronene mulai menghuni kawasan Taman Nasional Rawa
Aopa Watumohai. Tetapi sebuah peta yang dibuat pemerintah Belanda pada tahun 1820 sudah
mencantumkan nama Kampung Hukaea, yakni kampung terbesar orang Moronene, yang sekarang
masuk dalam areal taman nasional itu. Permukiman mereka tersebar di tujuh kecamatan, enam di
Kabupaten Buton dan satu di Kabupaten Kolaka. Di luar komunitas itu, orang Moronene menyebar pula di
beberapa tempat seperti Kabupaten Kendari karena terjadinya migrasi akibat gangguan keamanan dari
Darul Islam sekitar tahun 1952-1953.
Kampung Hukaea, Laea, dan Lampopala biasa disebut orang Moronene sebagai Tobu
Waworaha atau perkampungan tua bekas tempat tinggal para leluhur. Orang-orang Moronene masih
sering mengunjungi tobu untuk membersihkan kuburan leluhur mereka ketika hari raya Idul Adha tibasebagian warga Moronene beragama Islam. Belakangan, setelah beberapa kuburan digali dan
dipindahkan oleh orang tak dikenal, orang-orang Moronene bermukim kembali di Hukaea-Laea. Di zaman
administrasi pemerintah Belanda, Hukaea termasuk distrik Rumbia, yang dipimpin seorang mokole
(kepala distrik). Rumbia membawahkan 11 tobu, tujuh di antaranya masuk dalam wilayah taman nasional.

Menurut Abdi, dari LSM Suluh Indonesia, jumlah orang Moronene di Sulawesi Tenggara diperkirakan
sekitar 300 orang, 95 persen di antaranya tinggal dalam kawasan taman nasional.
Seperti kebanyakan masyarakat adat lainnya, orang Moronene juga melakukan perladangan
berpindah dengan sistem rotasi. Tapi sistem itu sudah lama ditinggalkan dan mereka memilih menetap.
Suku Moronene juga dikenal pandai memelihara ekosistem mereka. Jonga atau sejenis rusa, misalnya,
masih sering ditemui di sekitar permukiman mereka di Hukaea, termasuk burung kakatua jambul kuning,
satwa endemik Sulawesi yang dilindungi. Namun, sifat asli suku ini, yang memegang tegung adat mosobu
(pasrah dan tidak melawan), dan etos kerjanya yang rendah membuat mereka rentan terhadap
penggusuran. Kampung moronene berada di tengah Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumoha. Suku
moronene ditempati oleh 300-an kepala keluarga. Tetapi pemerintah melancarkan operasi pemusnahan
terhadap tatanan kultur adat suku Moronene. Untaian pesan Pak Disi, tokoh masyarakat adat Moronene,
sesaat menjelang ajalnya, akhir 1999, ternyata menjadi pil pendorong semangat bagi perjuangan
komunitas adat tertua di Sulawesi Tenggara ini untuk mempertahankan kampung halaman mereka dari
tekanan Pemerintah Daerah (Pemda) Sulawesi Tenggara (Sultra), sampai hari ini. Lewat Operasi Sapu
Jagat (OSJ), Pemda Sultra memang merepresi masyarakat adat Moronene yang menempati Kampung
Hukaea-Laea, di Kecamatan Rarowatu, Kabu-paten Buton, Sultra agar hengkang dari tanah leluhur
mereka tersebut. Dalihnya, wilayah yang didiami ma-syarakat Moronene itu harus dikonservasi, karena
masuk kawasan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai (TNRAW). Etnis Moronene terdapat dibagian
tenggara Sulawesi, sebelah selatan Gunung Mekonga. Bahasa mereka, yang dinamakan Moronene or
Maronene, merupakan rumpun Bahasa Austronesia. Secara linguistik, Moronene mirip dengan Tolaki.
Sedikit saja yang diketahui tentang gaya hidup dan budaya mereka, tetapi diduga bahwa cara hidup
mereka sangat mirip dengan etnis tetangga mereka, Pancana Bingkokak dan Muna. Bagi orang
Moronene, padi-padian yang tumbuh di ladang menjadi makanan pokok, tetapi mereka juga menanam ubi
jalar, tebu, aneka macam sayuran, tembakau, dan kopi. Rumah mereka yang umumnya berbentuk rumah
panggung tersebar diantara lahan-lahan yang telah dibuka. Rumah-rumah tersebut umumnya terbuat dari
daun nipa yang dianyam dan memiliki atap yang tinggi.

Perbedaan kelas sosial, dengan bangsawan atas, bangsawan bawah serta masayarakat biasa, masih
dipegang teguh oleh kebanyakan komunitas di Sulawesi. Tiap kelas sosial biasanya memiliki cara
bersikap mereka sendiri, diantara berbagai macam budaya dan tradisi. Wilayah dibagi menjadi desa, dan
hak pemanfaatan lahan diatur oleh lembaga desa. Akan tetapi, lembaga tersebut pada akhirnya
memegang kepemilikan atas lahan.
Tradisi perkawinan etnis Moronene mensyaratkan pembayaran kepada keluarga Si gadis pada saat
pertunangan dan perkawinan. Nilai mahar tergantung pada tingkatan sosial dari Si pemuda. Sebelum
perkawinan. Untuk menghindari persyaratan ini, banyak pasangan muda memilih kawin lari. Dahulu, para
budak dan turunan mereka tidak diperbolehkan kawin satu sama lain, meskipun mereka bisa hidup
bersama.
Juga, perempuan bangsawan tidak boleh menikah dengan orang jelata. Poligami (memiliki istri
lebih dari satu) umum terjadi antar bangsawan, tetapi sekarang sudah jarang dijumpai. Orang Moronene
diyakini merupakan suku tertua dan pertama yang mendiami dataran Sulawesi tenggara, saat ini mereka
umumnya bermukim dan menyebar di sebelah selatan Sulawesi tenggara dan salah satu kampung (tobu)
tertuanya adalah tobu HukaEa LaEa. Menurut sebagian antropolog asal usul nenek moyang mereka
berasal dari daratan Filipina yang diperkirakan mulai bermukim sejak tahun 1720. secara administratif
perkampungan Orang Moronene meliputi 7 wilayah kecamatan yang tersebar di kecamatan Kabaena,
Kabaena Timur, Rumbia, Poleang Barat, Poleang Timur, Rarowatu, Watubangga (di wilayah Buton) serta
1 (satu) kecamatan di wilayah Donggala. Ketujuh kecamatan tersebut dulunya merupakan wilayah
kerajaan Moronene yang luasnya mencapai 3.393,67 Km2. Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai
pertama kali mendapatkan status dilindungi pada tahun 1990 namun, dan seperti biasa, masyarakat
adatnya terabaikan. Pada saat terjadinya ketidakstabilan politik tahun 1950an, militer memindahkan
penduduk Moronene dari tanah hutan mereka ke dekat ibukota propinsi Kendari, kemudian mendapatkan
ijin resmi untuk kembali pada awal 1980an. Masyarakat Moronene tidak pernah mendapatkan ganti rugi
maupun pengakuan atas hak-hak mereka walaupun sudah beberapa kali diajukan. Para pejabat menolak
untuk mengakui tanah kuburan leluhur, pohon buah-buahan dan tambak ikan sebagai bukti yang cukup

atas hak tanah turun temurun mereka. Wilayah daratan dan kepulauan Sultra didiami empat kelompok
suku dominan, yaitu Tolaki, Muna, Buton, dan Moronene. Suku Tolaki yang jumlahnya diperkirakan sekitar
16 persen (termasuk di dalamnya subetnis Mekongga) serta suku Moronene adalah suku-suku asli yang
lebih banyak tinggal di daratan. Suku ini tersebar di Kolaka, Kolaka Utara, Kota Kendari, Konawe,
Konawe Selatan, Konawe Utara, dan Bombana. Ironinya, dari semua provinsi, suku Tolaki, Wolio, Muna
dan Moronene, yang juga merupakan suku asli di Sulawesi Tenggara (Sultra), tidak diakui Mendagri.
Kolom untuk Bumi Anoa, kosong tanpa suku. Yang parah, 4 suku yang berasal dari Sultra, yakni Muna,
Tomia, Wakatobi dan Wawonii "diklaim" sebagai bagian dari suku di Sulawesi Tengah (Sulteng). Dalam
sejarah Moronene, dikenal Dendeangi, adik kandung Raja Luwuk, Sawerigading. Oleh kakaknya,
Sawerigading ini, Dendeangi diminta ke bagian paling selatan di jazirah tenggara. Wilayah yang dirujuk
Sawerigading ini, dikenal saat sekarang, sebagai bentangan daratan yang memanjang dari bagian pesisir
teluk Bone (Kolaka, sekarang.), lalu menyisir berputar sampai ke bagian yang dikenali sebagai pesisir
timur (Konawe Selatan, sekarang.).

Bahasa Inggris
People's Initiative, Local Initiatives Resistance Node Southeast Sulawesi, January-April 2005 Based on
2000 data from the ethnic indigenous people who still have a bond Moronene allied (geonologi) amounted
to 35 100 inhabitants live. Yang secara geografis tinggal bermukim dan menyebar di bagian selatan
wilayah daratan Sulawesi Tenggara dan sebahagian di Pulau Kabaena. Live lives that are geographically
and spread in the southern region of Southeast Sulawesi mainland and a party on the island Kabaena. In
the administrative government Moronene tribal communities are at 8 (eight) districts respectively 7 (seven)
districts in the area Bombana (previous Buton) and 1 (one) districts included in the region Kolaka Village is
a village of old tribal Moronene HukaEa and Laea (in this paper was written Hukaea-Laea) situated in the
districts of Buton Regency Rarowatu (the process of expansion since 2004 into the region of Southeast
Sulawesi Province Bombana. Rauf Tarimana (deceased), anthropologist first in Southeast, underscores
the Tribe bahawa Moronene is the oldest community who inhabit the mainland of Southeast Sulawesi.
However, in its development Moronene marginalized indigenous peoples in political, economic and
cultural existence, so the indigenous Moronene has become a minority in Southeast Sulawesi. Based on
2000 data from the ethnic indigenous people who still have a bond Moronene allied (geonologi) amounted
to 35 100 inhabitants live . Live lives that are geographically and spread in the southern region of
Southeast Sulawesi mainland and a party on the island Kabaena. In the administrative government
Moronene tribal communities are at 8 (eight) districts respectively 7 (seven) districts in the area Bombana
(previous Buton) and 1 (one) districts included in the region Kolaka. Local people from ethnic Moronene ,
in fact from time immemorial is known to have distinctive character as a group of indigenous communities
high menjujung values of peace, tranquility and simplicity. So whenever there is dispute (read: conflict)
with the other party relented and they always choose to avoid seeking another place to live. is a reflection
of the character can be witnessed in the social life, economy and culture of his day-to-day: (i) the pattern
of their lives is very simple and happy to live in groups in very small amounts (usually one rumupun), (ii)
their homes more a lot of materials around the existing bamboo gardens, (iii) so that when they have
spread to find another place to avoid conflicts the original site, the provision of new homes in places they

do not become burdens or problems of, (iii) generally indigenous communities Moronene pleased with the
activities of the party crowd with party equipment is dominated by bright colors. Although no research to
prove, but it may be characteristic of indigenous communities and ethnic character in describing
Moronene the-top, causing her too singkir generation Moronene-generation ethnic communities gradually
in the constellation of political life, economic, social and culture from time to time. Very different from the
position and the existence of ethnic groups - the other major ethnic group in Southeast Sulawesi (such as:
ethnic Tolaki, ethnic Wolio / Buton, ethnic Wuna / Muna), which serves many of his generation, has a role
and have a strategic position on the various aspects of life in Southeast until now this. It is ironic, as
follows in his back in history as it has been parsed in the beginning, which is expressly and not-Moronene
is indisputable that the ethnic communities of the oldest indigenous people inhabiting the region southeast
sulawesi. Read the quantity of that historical reality, at least give firmness and signaled to us that the first
generation of ethnic clusters Moronene who has the role, functions and strategic position in public life at
that time, besides that it must have been ethnic Moronene family who has the power the region as well as
unlimited sources of agrarian / natural resources in Southeast Sulawesi jasirah. Because it is in fact so far,
none of the area or region who currently live in at-large majority of other ethnic-khsusnya Tolaki-Konawe
ethnic communities and ethnic Tolaki Mekongga and a party on the island of Buton and Muna, who argue
that the ancestors them something to do with ethnic geonologi Regions. Village parents (called Tobu
during the reign of customary) Hukaea-Laea, has a very important historical dimension to the
development community's existence and identity of the days-Ethnic Moronene the subsequent period,
especially in areas Bombana, Poleang and Kabaena Island which is the largest region in the south of
mainland Southeast jasirah. From the narrative-indigenous elders had experienced during the reign
Butonyang customary Buton sultanate era, testified that at about the year 1920, the Dutch make-Laea
Hukaea villages as the government center that oversees the district representatives thatched 11 (eleven)
other Moronene village. other supporting evidence, among others, can be viewed on a topographic map
made by dutch people in the 1920s when he first set foot in this area. The map suggests and showed that
around the year 1800 in the township people Moronene Hukaea-Laea (in the map called LAEA) already
exist and form the center of the spread of citizens is to become the forerunner in the surrounding villages
have been there. And the actual information obtained from documents the results of investigations

flambeau Foundation Indonesia illustrates that the township Laea (now Hukaea-Laea) has been inhabited
by at least 6 (six) generations. And the first generation or the first person to inhabit these settlements is a
common TABIHI capita Laea LAO building and surrounding villages with water buffalo herding and
farming as its main activity. The area of grazing buffalo and used their fields - in the culture of people
called walaka Moronene and waworaha - can still in witness to this. And until recently, still recognizable
one-Laea Hukaea citizens who represents the sixth generation descendants of TABIHI, namely Pak
BAKATI one of the elders of the indigenous people in Kampung Hukae Moronene-Laea now. Moronene
Ethnic History of Forced Evictions In 1953, community which are the villages in the district area including
the thatched-LaEa Hukaea evacuated to safe areas by troops IN IS / IT that makes their villages as a
logistics supply base for troops IN / IT (government called it "mob badik") and make Hukae-Laea village as
a base for hiding from attacks by the TNI (Indonesian National Army) which bermarkaz in Kassipute.
Around 1962, after the condition of the village has been deemed safe enough they then re-settled and
built their homes and restart their lives and socio-cultural ekomoni as before. But in 1968 the government
moved them back to the area that called langkowala (still under thatched districts) for no apparent reason.
But they did not survive living in Langkowala, and slowly and gradually settled in the community re-Laea
Hukae. In 1977, a quiet and peaceful life in the village-Laea Hukaea suddenly be shattered again,
because the government of moving them back into the thatch Another area called Tembe with reasonLaea HukaEa village is very difficult to reach by means of transport and communications. During Hukaeaold village resident was evacuated Laea, apparently secretly Southeast regional government unilaterally
set their lands as hunting Park without due process consultation with the community that is the legal
owner of the area. In addition to hunting Park, they are also in the indigenous territories controlled by one
national company in the forestry sector, No. Barito Pacific Timber which controls an area of 37 000
hectares of land residents to serve as the location of Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI). Next year in 1983,
Southeast Sulawesi governor to make recommendations, dated May 5, 1983 No. 522.51/1983 addressed
to the Minister of Forestry Cq. Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation on which
the determination of the conservation area Aopa Watumohai Swamp National Park through the Decree of
the Minister of Forestry of Indonesia No.756/Kpts-II/1990. Protest residents on annexation of their
customary rights unilaterally, not in consideration by the government and project leaders Aopa Watumohai

Swamp National Park. On 2 January 1997, residents who constantly intimidated by government security
forces and remained in that location was forced to send a letter to Vice President of the Republic of
Indonesia by attaching supporting evidence showing the existence of their customary rights over those
locations. Again - again these people do not get a letter a satisfactory answer from Vice President of the
Republic of Indonesia. On December 28, 1977 Local Government and the government of Buton in
Southeast Sulawesi Province is assisted by security officers from the Police and the Indonesian National
Army Company A rifle Kaesebo conduct forcible expulsion accompanied by the burning of houses.
Negotiation efforts undertaken by the previous resident was not appreciated at all by the local
government. As a result of Operation Sweep Jagad I referred, houses and crops grown citizens destroyed
by fire. Residents forced to flee into the forests surrounding their villages. after the security forces and
local government to leave the village which was destroyed by fire, the residents returned to establish
modest houses from bamboo and wood around the existing settlements. On October 23, 1998 Southeast
Regional Government with security forces joined in Operation Sweep Team Universe II re-do extrusion
operation and the burning houses and crops citizens. In addition, 12 people Moronene community leaders
in the arrest and imprisonment for 1 year 15 days through an impartial tribunal. Any losses suffered by the
residents of 115 homes teridir burned and tens of hectares of crops ready for harvest destroyed by fire. On
24 November 2000 Southeast Sulawesi, the local government assisted by police from the Mobile Brigade
unit in Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Police, Forest and Police Civil Service Police again held Sweep
Operation Universe III in LaEa and HukaEa. Counted 25 houses torn down by using the chain saw.
Attitude of the Local Government insists on this, according to the governor at the time of the interactive
dialogue based on the consideration that the public Moronene within the region namely in Kampung Laea
TNRAW-Hukaea endanger the conservation area (although without clear evidence) . In addition the
governor also argued that the authority issue in the hands of the National Parks provincial governments.
In contrast to that, the information obtained from various sources say that in National Parks are areas of
HTI (Industrial Plantation Forest) covering 37 500 hectares owned PT.Barito-Pacific Timber and other
information also says that in the National Park area has long been a breeding area father of Governor
Laode kaimuddin buffalo. While some activists in this area believe that the stubborn attitude of the Local
Government to maintain the region of Southeast Sulawesi TNRAW is that the area was included in the

integrated economic development zone which is a national program in the Southeast. Response
Community Events experienced by indigenous peoples-Laea Moronene Hukaea .. (operating a broom
universe II) in 1998, three months after the fall of the New Order regime. menghentakkan publik sulawesi
tenggara. public stamped southeast sulawesi. Settled some community groups do not even believe that
when the State in situations of transition into the beginning of reform. In the old village far adari access to
information events and inhuman act of violence done by the government, but some student groups, NGOs
and CBOs, lawyers, professors and several organizations protesting the government's actions. Campaign
through local and national print media carried a few times. Which was done by organized initially through
the media press conference at Kendari Pos, Kendari Express, Tabloid Autonomy, Daily Voice Sultra have
done as much as 5 (five) times since the case was sticking to the present. While through the national print
media through the daily Kompas, Republika newspaper, Daily Updates Voice, the magazine Forum,
GAMMA Magazine, Tabloid Autonomy Business, The Jakarta Post, Antara news agency and tabloids risen
each of 2 (two) times by way of interviews about this case in Jakarta.S Representatives of indigenous
peoples have a meeting with Mr Moronene Marbun SH and staff of Komnas HAM, Bapak Drs. Mangara
Butar-Butar and staff of the Directorate General of Regional Autonomy, Domestic Department, Ir. Widodo
and staff director of Protection and Nature Conservation Ministry of Forestry and the Ministry of
Settlements and Regional Infrastructure Ir. Erna Witular in Jakarta.