DISUSUN OLEH :
KELOMPOK 5
1. I MADE WINARTA (1706095296)
2. DWI SUSILOWATI (1706010344)
3. NOVITA DWI ISTANTI (1706010400)
4. TATI SUMIATI (1706095402)
Representatif
Non Representative
sample
sampling
No systemtematic
Systematic bias
bias
Loss to follow up
Random sampling Selection
error (Selection out of the
(into The study)
study)
Cohort Study
Result = no Cohort or
Result = association Case control Study (Internal
association intervention
comparison)
Results can be
Result may not be
No (type II error) Yes (Type I error) biased to or away
GENERALISABLE
from the nul
Random and systematic selecton error and their Consequences for effect estimation
(Webb and bain, 2011, p 178)
b. Desain Kohort
1) If the quality and extent of information obtained is different for exposed persons
that for nonexposed persons, a significant ias can be introduced. This is
particularly likely to occur in historical cohort studies, in which information is
obtained from past records. As we discussed in connection with randomized trials,
in any cohort study, it is essential that the quality of the information obtained be
comparable in both exposed and nonexposed individuals
2) If the person who decides whether diasese has developed in each subject also
know whether that subject was exposed, and if that person is aware of the
hypothesis being tested, that person’s judgement as to whether the disease
developed may be biased by that knowledge. This problem can be addressed by
masking the person who is making the disease assesment and also by determining
whether this person was, in fact, aware of each subject’s exposure status
3) As in any study, if the epidemiologists and statisticians who are abalyzing the
data have strong preconceptions, they may unintentionally introduce their biases
into their data analyses and into their interpretation of the study findings