(Standard Setting)
competent!
incompetent!
(Norcini, 2003)
1. Menentukan tipe standar
Features
• Dinyatakan dalam jumlah atau • Dinyatakan dalam persentase
persentase peserta yang lulus jawaban benar
(mis: 65% jawaban benar)
(mis: 100 peserta terbaik, 30%
terbaik)
• Performan seorang peserta
• Performan seorang peserta
tergantung pada performan
tidak tergantung pada
peserta lain performan peserta lain
• Menstimulus kompetisi • Menstimulus kolaborasi
• Lebih mudah dilakukan • Lebih sulit dilakukan
Relative standards
Norm-referenced Criterion-referenced
standard standard
Relative Standards/
Norm-referenced standard
z-score = X-M
S
Exercise:
Toni’s score on Anatomy is 28, mean=24, S=4
Toni’s score on Physiology is 14, mean=8,S=4
t-score = 10z + 50
Exercise:
Toni’s score on Anatomy is 28, mean=24, S=4
Toni’s score on Physiology is 14, mean=8, S=4
S= 1 N∑X2 – (∑X)2
N
Stanines
Stanines are single-digit scores ranging from 1 to 9
whereas the distribution of raw scores is divided into nine
parts (standard nines).
Minimally competent
candidates
Definisi Borderline UKDI
(Revisi 22 November 2011, Hotel Aston,
Jakarta)
1 Masa studi tidak tepat waktu (plus 2-3 semester
dikarenakan faktor kemampuan peserta, bukan
karena sistem) ; dan
2 IPK SKed = syarat minimal IPK untuk lulus; dan
3 IPK Profesi = syarat minimal IPK untuk lulus.
Definisi Borderline UKDI
A. Asidosis respiratorik
B. Asidosis metabolik
C. Ketoasidosis
D. Alkalosis respiratorik
E. Alkalosis metabolik
Soal 4
90
80
70
60
% Fail
50
40
30
20
10
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Correct Score
Step 2
Judges are asked to review the exam paper individually
Step 3
Judges are asked to decide the pass/fail standard point.
It must be between A1 A2
___ and ___
90
80
70
60
% Fail
50
A1 A2
40
30
20
10
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Correct Score
Step 4
Judges are asked to decide the percentage of students
who fail this test.
B1 B2
It must be between ___ and ___ regardless of how high or
how low their scores were.
90
80
70
60
% Fail
50
40
30
20 B2
10
0 B1
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Correct Score
100
90
80
70
60
% Fail
50
40
A1 A2
30
20 B2
10
0 B1
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Correct Score
100
90
80
70
60
% Fail
50
A1 A2
40
30
20 B2
10
0 B1
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Correct Score
100
90
80
70
60
% Fail
50
A1 A2
40
30
20 B2
10
0 B1
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Correct Score
100
90
80
70
60
% Fail
50
A1 A2
40
30
20 B2
10
0 B1
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Correct Score
100
90
80
70
60
% Fail
50
A1 A2
40
30
20 B2
10
0 B1
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Correct Score
METHOD OF
CONTRASTING GROUPS
Examinee-centered
Method of contrasting groups
Competent Non-competent