Oleh:
JURUSAN FARMASI
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA
2010
Banyak enzim yang telah dinamakan secara konvensional dengan menambahkan akhiran –ase
kepada nama substratnya. Jadi, urease mengkatalisis hidrolisis urea, dan arginase
mengkatalisis hidrolisis arginin. Tetapi, banyak enzim yang telah diberikan nama dengan tidak
menerangkan substratnya seperti pepsin dan tripsin. Juga pada kenyataannya satu enzim yang
sama dikenal dengan dua atau lebih nama, atau bahwa dua enzim yang berbdeda telah
diberikan nama yang sama. Oleh karena itu dan karena hal-hal lain yang masih kabur, juga
dengan terus meningkatnya jumlah enzim baru yang ditemukan, maka suatu dasar penemuan
nomenklatur dan penggolongan enzim secara sistematis telah dikemukakan dalam persetujuan
internasional oleh “International Enzym Commision” dari IUB-MB (International Union of
Biochemistry Molecular Biology). Sistem nomenklatur ini menggolongkan enzim menjadi 6
golongan utama dan serangkaian sub golongan, berdasarkan jenis reaksi yang dikatalisisnya.
Setiap enzim diberikan satu nama rekomendasi (yang pendek dan praktis untuk penggunaan
sehari-hari), satu nama sistematik (yang mengidentifikasi reaksi yang dikatalisisnya), dan satu
nomor golongan (yang diperlukan apabila diperlukan identifikasi suatu enzim akurat,
misalnya dalam majalah penelitian internasional, abstrak atau indeks).
Gambaran utama sistem IUB (Internasional Union of Biochemistry) untuk klasifikasi enzim
sebagai berikut :
1. Reaksi-reaksi (dan enzim-enzim yang mengkatalisisnya) dibagi dalam 6 kelas utama,
masing-masing kelas dengan 4-13 sub-kelas. 6 kelas utama itu tersusun dibawah ini
dengan beberapa contoh sub-kelas yang penting. Nama yang terdapat dalam kurungan
adalah nama biasa yang lebih dikenal.
2. Nama enzim mempunya 2 bagian. Yang pertama adalah nama substrat atau substrat-
subtrat. Yang kedua, diakhiri dengan “ase”, menunjukan jenis reaksi yang dikatalisis.
Akiran “ase” tidak lagi tercantum langsung pada nama substrat.
3. Keterangan tambahan, bila diperlukan untuk menjelaskan sifat reaksi, dapat didikuti
kata atau kalimat yang diberi tanda kurung. Misalnya, enzim yang mengkatalisis reaksi
L-malat+ NAD+ + piruvat + CO2 + NADH + H = dikenal sebagai enzim malat,
dinamakan 1.1.137 L-malat: NAD oksidoreduktase (dekarboksilase).
4. Masing-masing enzim mempunyai nomer kade sistemik (E.C.). Nomer ini menunjukan
jenis reaksi sebagai kelas (digit pertama), sub-kelas(digit kedua), dan sub-kelas (digit
ketiga). Digit keempat adalah untuk nama enzim tertentu. Jadi, E.C. 2.7.1.1.
menyatakan kelas 2 (transferase), subkelas 7 (pemindahan fosfat), sub-kelas 1 (suatu
alkohol berfungsi sebagai akseptor fosfat). Digit yang terakhir menyatakan enzim,
heksokinase, atau ATP : D-heksosa-6-fosfotransferase, suatu enzim yang mengkatalis
pemindahan fosfat dari ATP kegugus hidroksil pada karbon 6 glikosa.
EC 1. Oxidoreductases
Mengkatalisis transfer atom-atom hidrogen atau oksigen atau elektron dari satu substrat ke
substrat lain. Biasa dikenal juga dengan nama oxidases, dehydrogenases, or reductases.
Karena melibatkan reaksi redoks maka donor/acceptor elektron juga sangat diperlukan untuk
melengkapi reaksi.
EC 2.2.1.1 transketolase
EC 2.2.1.2 transaldolase
EC 2.2.1.3 formaldehyde transketolase
EC 2.2.1.4 acetoin—ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase
EC 2.2.1.5 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase
EC 2.2.1.6 acetolactate synthase
EC 2.2.1.7 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase
EC 2.2.1.8 fluorothreonine transaldolase
EC 2.2.1.9 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid
synthase
EC 2.3 Acyltransferases
EC 3 Hydrolases
Enzim-enzim yang mengkatalisi hidrolisis ikatan-ikatn ester, eter, peptida, glikosil, anhidrida
asam, C-C, C-halida, atau P-N.
EC 3.1 Acting on ester bonds
EC 3.1.1 Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
EC 3.1.1.1 carboxylesterase
EC 3.1.1.2 arylesterase
EC 3.1.1.3 triacylglycerol lipase
EC 3.1.1.4 phospholipase A2
EC 3.1.1.5 lysophospholipase
EC 3.1.1.6 acetylesterase
EC 3.1.1.7 acetylcholinesterase
EC 3.1.1.8 cholinesterase
EC 3.1.1.9 deleted
EC 3.1.1.10 tropinesterase
EC 3.1.1.11 pectinesterase
EC 3.1.1.12 deleted
EC 3.1.1.13 sterol esterase
EC 3.1.1.14 chlorophyllase
EC 3.1.1.15 L-arabinonolactonase
EC 3.1.1.16 deleted, mixture of EC 5.3.3.4 and EC 3.1.1.24
EC 3.1.1.17 gluconolactonase
EC 3.1.1.18 deleted, included in EC 3.1.1.17
EC 3.1.1.19 uronolactonase
EC 3.1.1.20 tannase
EC 3.1.1.21 retinyl-palmitate esterase
EC 3.1.1.22 hydroxybutyrate-dimer hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.23 acylglycerol lipase
EC 3.1.1.24 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase
EC 3.1.1.25 1,4-lactonase
EC 3.1.1.26 galactolipase
EC 3.1.1.27 4-pyridoxolactonase
EC 3.1.1.28 acylcarnitine hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.29 aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.30 D-arabinonolactonase
EC 3.1.1.31 6-phosphogluconolactonase
EC 3.1.1.32 phospholipase A1
EC 3.1.1.33 6-acetylglucose deacetylase
EC 3.1.1.34 lipoprotein lipase
EC 3.1.1.35 dihydrocoumarin hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.36 limonin-D-ring-lactonase
EC 3.1.1.37 steroid-lactonase
EC 3.1.1.38 triacetate-lactonase
EC 3.1.1.39 actinomycin lactonase
EC 3.1.1.40 orsellinate-depside hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.41 cephalosporin-C deacetylase
EC 3.1.1.42 chlorogenate hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.43 α-amino-acid esterase
EC 3.1.1.44 4-methyloxaloacetate esterase
EC 3.1.1.45 carboxymethylenebutenolidase
EC 3.1.1.46 deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase
EC 3.1.1.47 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase
EC 3.1.1.48 fusarinine-C ornithinesterase
EC 3.1.1.49 sinapine esterase
EC 3.1.1.50 wax-ester hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.51 phorbol-diester hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.52 phosphatidylinositol deacylase
EC 3.1.1.53 sialate O-acetylesterase
EC 3.1.1.54 acetoxybutynylbithiophene deacetylase
EC 3.1.1.55 acetylsalicylate deacetylase
EC 3.1.1.56 methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase
EC 3.1.1.57 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase
EC 3.1.1.58 N-acetylgalactosaminoglycan deacetylase
EC 3.1.1.59 juvenile-hormone esterase
EC 3.1.1.60 bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate esterase
EC 3.1.1.61 protein-glutamate methylesterase
EC 3.1.1.62 now EC 3.5.1.47
EC 3.1.1.63 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.64 all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.65 L-rhamnono-1,4-lactonase
EC 3.1.1.66 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene deacetylase
EC 3.1.1.67 fatty-acyl-ethyl-ester synthase
EC 3.1.1.68 xylono-1,4-lactonase
EC 3.1.1.69 now EC 3.5.1.89
EC 3.1.1.70 cetraxate benzylesterase
EC 3.1.1.71 acetylalkylglycerol acetylhydrolase
EC 3.1.1.72 acetylxylan esterase
EC 3.1.1.73 feruloyl esterase
EC 3.1.1.74 cutinase
EC 3.1.1.75 poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase
EC 3.1.1.76 poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) depolymerase
EC 3.1.1.77 acyloxyacyl hydrolase
EC 3.1.1.78 polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase
EC 3.1.1.79 hormone-sensitive lipase
EC 3.1.1.80 acetylajmaline esterase
EC 3.1.1.81 quorum-quenching N-acyl-homoserine lactonase
EC 3.1.1.82 pheophorbidase
EC 3.1.1.83 monoterpene ε-lactone hydrolase
XY
Others, however, catalyse elimination of another component, e.g. water, which is followed by
spontaneous reactions that lead to breakage of the C-N bond, e.g.
Note 1: The acyl group on the dihydrolipoyl group of EC 2.3.1.12 moves rapidly between S-8
and S-6, with more on S-8 at equilibrium.
The N6-lipoyllysine residues of E2 (EC 2.3.1.12, EC 2.3.1.61 and EC 2.3.1.168) are the
substrates reductively acylated by EC 1.2.4.1, EC 1.2.4.2, and EC 1.2.4.4 respectively.
© IUBMB 2003
The diagram shows how the lipoyl group of the H protein can visit the three
enzymes of the multienzyme system of EC 1.4.4.2 glycine dehydrogenase
(decarboxylating), EC 1.8.1.4 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase and EC 2.1.2.10
aminomethyltransferase, being transformed by each.
Other name(s): P-protein; glycine decarboxylase; glycine-cleavage complex;
glycine:lipoylprotein oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-
aminomethylating); protein P1
Systematic name: glycine:H-protein-lipoyllysine oxidoreductase
(decarboxylating, acceptor-amino-methylating)
Comments: A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. A component, with EC 2.1.2.10,
aminomethyltransferase and EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenanse, of the
glycine cleavage system, previously known as glycine synthase. The glycine
cleavage system is composed of four components that only loosely associate:
the P protein (EC 1.4.4.2), the T protein (EC 2.1.2.10), the L protein (EC
1.8.1.4) and the lipoyl-bearing H protein [3].
EC 1.4.7 With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
Accepted name: glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)
Reaction: 2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = L-glutamine + 2-
oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
Other name(s): ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase; ferredoxin-
glutamate synthase; glutamate synthase (ferredoxin-dependent)
Systematic name: L-glutamate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (transaminating)
Comments: An iron-sulfur flavoprotein.
EC 1.4.99 With other acceptors
Accepted name: D-amino-acid dehydrogenase
Reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + acceptor = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + reduced
acceptor
Other name(s): D-amino-acid:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Systematic name: D-amino-acid:acceptor oxidoreductase (deaminating)
Comments: A flavoprotein (FAD). Acts to some extent on all D-amino acids,
except D-aspartate and D-glutamate.
EC 2 Transferases
➢ EC 2.1Transferring one-carbon groups
EC 2.1.1 Methyltransferases
Accepted name: nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
Reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + nicotinamide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1-
methylnicotinamide
Other name(s): nicotinamide methyltransferase
Systematic name: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
➢ EC 2.2Transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups
EC 2.2.1 Transketolases and Transaldolases
Accepted name: transketolase
➢ EC 2.3Acyltransferases
EC 2.3.2 Aminoacyltransferases
Accepted name: D-glutamyltransferase
Reaction: L(or D)-glutamine + D-glutamyl-peptide = NH3 + 5-glutamyl-D-glutamyl-
peptide
Other name(s): D-glutamyl transpeptidase; D-γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
Systematic name: glutamine:D-glutamyl-peptide 5-glutamyltransferase
➢ EC 2.4Glycosyltransferases
EC 2.4.1 Hexosyltransferases
Accepted name: amylosucrase
Reaction: sucrose + [(1→4)-α-D-glucosyl]n = D-fructose + [(1→4)-α-D-glucosyl]n+1
Other name(s): sucrose—glucan glucosyltransferase; sucrose-1,4-α-glucan
glucosyltransferase; sucrose:1,4-α-D-glucan 4-α-D-glucosyltransferase
Systematic name: sucrose:(1→4)-α-D-glucan 4-α-D-glucosyltransferase
➢ EC 2.5Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
EC 2.5.1 Transferring Alkyl or Aryl Groups, Other than Methyl Groups
Accepted name: galactose-6-sulfurylase
EC 3 Hydrolases
➢ EC 3.1Acting on ester bonds
EC 3.1.1 Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
Accepted name: carboxylesterase
Reaction: A carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate
Other name(s): ali-esterase; B-esterase; monobutyrase; cocaine esterase; procaine
esterase; methylbutyrase; vitamin A esterase; butyryl esterase; carboxyesterase;
carboxylate esterase; carboxylic esterase; methylbutyrate esterase; triacetin esterase;
carboxyl ester hydrolase; butyrate esterase; methylbutyrase; α-carboxylesterase;
propionyl esterase; nonspecific carboxylesterase; esterase D; esterase B; esterase A;
serine esterase; carboxylic acid esterase; cocaine esterase
Systematic name: carboxylic-ester hydrolase
EC 3.2Glycosylases
➢ EC 3.2.2 Hydrolysing N-Glycosyl Compounds
Accepted name: purine nucleosidase
Reaction: a purine nucleoside + H2O = D-ribose + a purine base
Other name(s): nucleosidase; purine β-ribosidase; purine nucleoside hydrolase; purine
ribonucleosidase; ribonucleoside hydrolase; nucleoside hydrolase; N-ribosyl purine
ribohydrolase; nucleosidase g; N-D-ribosylpurine ribohydrolase; inosine-adenosine-
guanosine preferring nucleoside hydrolase; purine-specific nucleoside N-
ribohydrolase; IAG-nucleoside hydrolase; IAG-NH
Systematic name: purine-nucleoside ribohydrolase
Comments: The enzyme from the bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi specifically
catalyses the irreversible N-riboside hydrolysis of purine nucleosides. Pyrimidine
nucleosides, purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, NAD+, NADP+ and nicotinaminde
mononucleotide are not substrates [6].
➢ EC 3.3Acting on ether bonds
EC 3.3.2 Ether hydrolases
Accepted name: isochorismatase
EC 4 Lyases
➢ EC 4.1Carbon-carbon lyases
EC 4.1.2 Aldehyde-Lyases
Accepted name: ketotetrose-phosphate aldolase
Reaction: erythrulose 1-phosphate = glycerone phosphate + formaldehyde
Other name(s): phosphoketotetrose aldolase; erythrulose-1-phosphate synthetase;
erythrose-1-phosphate synthase; erythrulose-1-phosphate formaldehyde-lyase
Systematic name: erythrulose-1-phosphate formaldehyde-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-
forming)
➢ EC 4.2Carbon-oxygen lyases
EC 4.2.1 Hydro-Lyases
Accepted name: carbonate dehydratase
Reaction: H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O
Other name(s): carbonic anhydrase; anhydrase; carbonate anhydrase; carbonic acid
anhydrase; carboxyanhydrase; carbonic anhydrase A; carbonate hydro-lyase
Systematic name: carbonate hydro-lyase (carbon-dioxide-forming)
Comments: A zinc protein.
➢ EC 4.3Carbon-nitrogen lyases
EC 4.3.1 Ammonia-Lyases
Accepted name: aspartate ammonia-lyase
Reaction: L-aspartate = fumarate + NH3
Other name(s): aspartase; fumaric aminase; L-aspartase; L-aspartate ammonia-lyase
Systematic name: L-aspartate ammonia-lyase (fumarate-forming)
➢ EC 4.4Carbon-sulfur lyases
Accepted name: alliin lyase
Reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide = an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate
Other name(s): alliinase; cysteine sulfoxide lyase; alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase; S-
alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase; L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase; S-alkyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide
lyase; alliin alkyl-sulfenate-lyase
Systematic name: S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide alkyl-sulfenate-lyase (2-aminoacrylate-
forming)
Comments: A pyridoxal-phosphate protein.
➢ EC 4.5Carbon-halide lyases
Accepted name: DDT-dehydrochlorinase
Reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-
chlorophenyl)ethylene + chloride
Other name(s): DDT-as; 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane chloride-lyase
➢ Systematic name: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane chloride-lyase [1,1-
dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene-forming]
EC 4.6Phosphorus-oxygen lyases
Accepted name: adenylate cyclase
EC 5Isomerases
➢ EC 5.1Racemases and epimerases
EC 5.1.1 Acting on Amino Acids and Derivatives
Accepted name: alanine racemase
Reaction: L-alanine = D-alanine
Other name(s): L-alanine racemase
Systematic name: alanine racemase
Comments: A pyridoxal-phosphate protein.
➢ EC 5.2cis-trans-Isomerases
Accepted name: maleate isomerase
Reaction: maleate = fumarate
Systematic name: maleate cis-trans-isomerase
➢ EC 5.3Intramolecular isomerases
EC 5.3.1 Interconverting Aldoses and Ketoses
Accepted name: triose-phosphate isomerase
Indah, Mutiara. 2010. Enzim. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Sumatra
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