Diagram Mollier adalah plot entalpi (h) versus entropi seperti

yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 21.1. Ini juga dikenal sebagai

diagram h-s. Diagram ini memiliki serangkaian garis suhu
konstan, garis tekanan konstan, garis kualitas konstan, dan garis
volume konstan. Diagram Mollier hanya digunakan ketika
kualitas lebih besar dari 50% dan untuk steam yang dipanaskan.
Untuk keadaan apa pun, setidaknya dua sifat harus diketahui
untuk menentukan sifat uap yang tidak diketahui lainnya pada
keadaan itu.
Diagram Mollier yang tersedia secara komersial dipotong dari
titik di luar titik kritis yaitu hanya menunjukkan sebagian dari
diagram ini yang digambar dalam warna. Dalam diagram
terpotong seperti itu, properti cairan tidak dapat dibaca.
                 Fig. 21.1. Mollier or Enthalpy-Entropy (h-s)
diagram
 Masalah 21.1: Temukan volume spesifik, entalpi dan energi
internal uap basah pada 18 bar dengan fraksi kekeringan (x)
= 0,85, dengan menggunakan Tabel Steam dan bagan
Mollier.
Larutan:
Diberikan: Tekanan uap, p = 18 bar; Fraksi kekeringan, x =
0,85
(a) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN STEAM TABLES
Dengan menggunakan steam table (untuk uap jenuh
kering):
Dari steam table untuk uap jenuh kering pada
tekanan 18 bar, kami memiliki:             ts = 207.11°C,   hf =
884.5 kJ/kg, hg = 2794.8 kJ/kg, hfg =1910.3 kJ/kg,  vg=0.110
m3/kg.
(i) Tentukan volume spesifik uap basah, v:
Rumus: Volume spesifik uap basah, v = x.vg
Jawaban: v = x.vg = 0,85 x 0,110 = 0,0935 m3 / kg.
(ii) Entalpi khusus uap basah, h:
Formula: Entalpi spesifik uap basah, h = hf + xhfg
Jawaban: h = hf + xhfg = 884.6 + 0.85 x 1910.3 = 2508.35 kJ /
kg.
(iii) Energi internal spesifik uap basah,
Formula: Energi internal spesifik uap basah, u = h - pv
Jawaban: u = h - pv = 2508,35 - 18 x 102 (0,0935) = 2340,75
kJ / kg
(B) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DIAGRAM MOLLIER

Locate point ‘1’ at an intersection of 18 bar pressure line and

0.85 dryness fraction line.
Read the value of enthalpy (h) and specific volume (v) from
Mollier diagram corresponding to point ‘1’.
(i)    Specific enthalpy of wet steam,  h = 2508 KJ/kg
(ii)   Specific volume of wet steam,    v = 0.0935 m3/kg
(iii)  Specific Internal energy of wet steam, u
                 u  = h – pv
                      = 2508 – 18 x 102 (0.0935) = 2340  kJ/kg
Problem 21.2: Find the dryness fraction, specific volume and
internal energy of steam at 7 bar and enthalpy of 2550 kJ/kg.
Solution:
Given: Pressure of steam, p=7 bar;      Enthalpy of steam, h =
2550 kJ
By using steam table (for dry saturated steam):
         From steam tables for dry saturated steam at 7 bar
pressure, we have:
         ts = 164.96°C, hf = 697.1 kJ/kg,  hg = 2762.0 kJ/kg, hfg =
2064.9 kJ/kg,  vg = 0.273 m3/kg.

(i)   Determine dryness fraction, x ;

Formula: For wet steam we have equation,
h = hf + x hfg

or   
       Answer:   Dryness fraction,    x = = 0.897
 (ii) Determine specific volume of wet steam, v :
Formula:   v = x.vg
      Answer:    v = x.vg = 0.897 x (0.273) = 0.2449   m3/kg.
(iii) Determine specific internal energy of wet steam, u:
Formula:  u = h – pv
Answer:   u = h – p v= 2550 – 7 x 102 (0.2449) = 2379.67 kJ/kg
Note:- Also try above problem by using Mollier chart.
Problem 21.3:  Find the internal energy of 1 kg of steam at 20
bar when
(i)  It is superheated, its temperature being 400°C.
(ii) It is wet, its dryness being 0.9
Assume superheated steam to behave as a perfect gas from the
commencement of superheat and thus obeys Charle’s law.
Specific heat for steam = 2 kJ/kg K.      
Solution:
Given:    Mass of steam, m = 1 kg;        Pressure of steam, p =
20 bar
By using steam table (for dry saturated steam):
     From steam tables for dry saturated steam at 20 bar, we have:
     ts = 212.4 °C; hf = 908.6 kJ/kg;  hg = 2797.2 kJ/kg; 
hfg=1888.6 kJ/kg;   vg = 0.0995 m3/kg

(i)  Steam is superheated, its temperature being 400°C.

Given: Temperature of superheated steam, t sup = 400°C or Tsup= 
400+273 = 673 K
                  Specific heat of superheated steam, C ps = 2.3 kJ/kg
K.
Determine internal energy of 1 kg of superheated steam;
Formula: Internal energy of superheated steam, u sup = hsup –
p.vsup
Finding unknown, hsup ;
hsup = hf + hfg +Cps (tsup – ts)
       = 908.6 +1888.6 +2.3 (400 – 212.4)   = 3228.68 kJ/kg
Finding unknown,vsup ;
vsup can be found out by Charle’s law

                      or  vsup =   = 0.1379 m3/kg

Answer:    Internal energy, usup = hsup- p .vsup
                                        = 3228.68 – 20 x 105 x 0.1379 x 10-3 =
2952.88 KJ/kg
 (ii) Steam is wet, its dryness (x) being 0.9
Given: Dryness fraction, x = 0.9 ;     Pressure of steam, p = 20
bar
By using steam table (for dry saturated steam):
     From steam tables for dry saturated steam at 20 bar, we have:
     ts = 212.4 °C; hf = 908.6 kJ/kg;  hg = 2797.2 kJ/kg; 
hfg=1888.6 kJ/kg;    vg = 0.0995 m3/kg
 
Determine internal energy of 1 kg of wet steam
Formula: Internal energy of wet steam, u = h – p.v
                         Finding unknown, h  and  v;
                        For wet steam, we have
 h = hf+ x. hfg  = 908.6 + 0.9 x 1888.6 = 2608.34 KJ/kg
 v = x vg= 0.9 x 0.0995 = 0.8955m3/kg
        Answer:    Internal energy, u = h - p .v
                                    = 2608.34– 20 x 105 x 0.8955 x 10-3 =
2429.24 KJ/kg
Note:- Also try this problem by using Mollier chart.
Problem 21.4: Steam at 120 bar has a specific volume of
0.01721 m3/kg, find the temperature, enthalpy and the internal
energy.
Solution:
Given: Pressure of steam, p = 120 bar;       Specific volume, v =
0.01721 m3/kg
             By using steam table (for dry saturated steam):
                 From steam tables for dry saturated steam at 120 bar,
we have:
                 ts = 324.65°C  ; hf = 1491.77 kJ/kg;  hg = 2689.2
kJ/kg;  hfg= 1197.4 kJ/kg;    vg = 0.0143 m3/kg

Determine temperature, enthalpy and the internal energy of

steam.
First it is necessary to find whether the steam is wet, dry
saturated or superheated.
Since the actual specific volume of steam (0.01721 m 3/kg) is
more than the value of vg (0.0143 m3/kg), the steam is
superheated.
Therefore, vsup = v = 0.01721 m3/kg.
By using steam table (for superheated steam):
       From steam tables for superheated steam at 120 bar and v sup
= 0.01721 m3/kg, we have:
        tsup = 350°C; hsup = 2847.7   kJ/kg
Answer:   Superheated steam temperature, tsup = 350°C
                                                      Enthalpy,       hsup = 2847.7  
kJ/kg
                                                  Internal energy, usup = hsup – p.vsup
                                                                                    = 2847.7 –
120 x 105 x10-3 x 0.01721  = 2641.18  kJ/kg.