5 TENSES DASAR

Tenses : Bantuk waktu {kejadian masa lampau, saat ini, dan yang akan datang)
1. Simple Present Tense

Terdapat 2 kegunaan :
a. Habitual Action( Tindakan Sehari-hari )
Contoh:
• Dhika goes to school
• My Father reads a newspaper every morning
b. General Truth( Kebenaran Umum )
Contoh:
• Water boils at 1000C
• 24 hours in a day
Predikat dalam bentuk simple Present Tense adalah kata kerja asal / kata kerja bentuk pertama.
Contoh:
• See
• Go
• Write
• Etc.

Khusus untuk subject orang ketiga tunggal misalnya: He, she, it, the man, dsb, kata kerjanya
selalu mendapat tambahan akhiran “s/es/ies”. Selain subject tersebut kata kerjanya tidak
mengalami perubahan.
Contoh:
• I go to school every day
• He goes to school every day
• They play football 
• Andi plays football

Kalimat tanya menggunakan Do/Does sebelum subject, sedangkan kalimat negative

menambahakn Do not / Does not setelah subject.
Contoh:
• Do you come late?
• Does she study English?
• I do not speak English

Pattern
Positive sentenceS + VI(s/es) + O/C
Negative sentenceS + do not/does not + VI +O/C
Interrogative sentenceDo/does + S + VI + O/C

Example:
1) Iron sinks in water
2) They often come to school
3) Do you understand that lesson?
4) We don’t know about that problem
5) Every day her mother cooks some vegetables

2. Simple past Tense

Terdapat 3 ciri khas Simple Past tense

a. Predikat kalimat dalam bentuk tense ini selalu menggunakan kata kerja bentuk 2
Contoh:
• They played tennis
• We studied Physic
• Etc.
b. Kalimat tanya dibentuk dengan menambahkan kata DID di depan kalimat sebelum subject.
Dan DID Not pada kalimat negative.
Contoh:
• Did they play football yesterday?
• Did he go to campus yesterday?
c. Kata keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan 
• Yesterday = kemarin
• The day before yesterday = kemarin dulu
• Last week = minggu lalu
• Last month = bulan lalu
• Two days ago = 2 hari yang lalu
• Just now = baru saja

Pattern
Positive sentenceS + VII + O/C
Negative sentenceS + Did not + VI + O/C
Interrogative sentenceDid + S + VI + O/C

Example:
1) They came to the party last night
2) He understood this lesson
3) Did you bring dictionary?
4) The cat caught the ball
5) Merlyn explained the lesson last week

3. Simple Future Tense

Terdapat 3 ciri khas simple future tense

a. Predikat kalimat dalam tense ini selalu terdiri dari WILL / SHALL
Subject yang menggunakan will adalah they, you, she, he, it. Subject yang menggunakan shall
adalah I dan We. Namun I juga dapat menggunakan will.
Contoh:
• I will go to school tomorrow
• They will bring the dictionary
• We shall study history
b. Kalimat tanya dibentuk dengan memindahkan will / shall di depan kalimat sebelum subject.
Dan shall not atau will not pada kalimat negative.
Contoh:
• We shall not go together
• They will not bring the umbrella
• Will they come to the party tomorrow?
c. Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan
• Tomorrow = besok
• The day after tomorrow = lusa
• Tomorrow morning = besok pagi
• Soon = segera
• Next time = lain kali
• Next week = minggu depan

Pattern
Positive sentenceS + will/shall + VI + O/C
Negative sentenceS + will not/shall not + VI + O/C
Interrogative sentenceWill/shall + S + VI + O/C

Example:
1) They will come to the party next week
2) His father will go to Paris tomorrow morning by plane
3) We shall do this task soon
4) Will they write this note?
5) Barry won’t bring his laptop

4. Present Continuous Tense

Cirri-cirinya adalah:
a. Predikat dalam kalimat continuous tense ini selalu menggunakan VI+ing dan terdapat tobe(is,
am, are) setelah subject.
Contoh :
• We are studying English now
• He is writing notes
b. Kalimat Tanya dibentuk dengan memindahkan tobe(is, am, are) ke depan sebelum subject, dan
kalimat negative hanya menambahkan kata Not setelah tobe.
Contoh:
• We aren’t studying English
• Are you playing football?

Pattern
Positive sentenceS + tobe (is, am, are) + VI + ing + O/C
Negative sentenceS + tobe (is, am, are) + not + VI + ing + O/C
Interrogative sentenceTobe + S + VI + ing + O/C

Example:
1) They are going to campus
2) Diky and juna are doing their homework
3) He is seeing the picture
4) The teacher isn’t bring her pen
5) Are you reading the newspaper?

5. Present Perfect Tense

Ciri khas Present Perfect Tense

a. Predikat kalimat dalam tense ini selalu terdiri dari HAS / HAVE
Subject yang menggunakan ‘have’ adalah I, we, they, you. Subject yang menggunakan ‘has’
adalah he, she, it.
Contoh:
• I have read the book
• He has done his task for 2 days
b. Kalimat tanya dibentuk dengan memindahkan has / have di depan kalimat sebelum subject.
Dan has not atau have not pada kalimat negative.
Contoh:
• I haven’t read the book
• Has he done his task?
c. Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan
• Since = sejak
• For = selama
• Already = sudah / sudah selesai
• Recently = akhir-akhir ini

Pattern
Positive sentenceS + has/have + VIII + O/C
Negative sentenceS + has/have + not + VIII+ O/C
Interrogative sentenceHas/have + S + VIII+ O/C

Example:
1) I have done my task since 2 days
2) Have you helped your mother?
3) She hasn’t buy the car
4) The girl has borrowed his pen
5) Mr. Brown has visited this place