DISUSUN OLEH :
ASISTEN PRAKTIKAN
KOORDINATOR ASISTEN
PRAKTIKUM KIMIA ANORGANIK II
Kristal
- disaring
Kristal Filtrat
- dicuci dengan akuades dingin
- dicuci dengan alkohol
- dicatat hasil dan dinyatakan
dalam % hasil
Hasil
7.2 Pembuatan Isomer cis-kalium dioksalatodiakuokromat (III)
0,5 gram kalium dikromat + 1,5
gram oksalatdihidrat
- ditambahkan setetes demi setetes
akuades sambil ditutup
Campuran
Kristal Filtrat
- dicatat hasil dan dinyatakan
dalam % hasil
Hasil
- ditambahkan - ditambahkan
ammonia encer ammonia encer
3. Tuliskan reaksi yang terjadi pada proses uji kemurnian cis dan trans !
Jawab :
Kiki Adi Kurnia, K.A., Onggo, D., Patrick, D. dan Stevenson, K.L. 2006. Sintesis
Senyawa Kompleks K[Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2].2H2O dan Senyawa [N(n-C4H9)4]
[CrFe(C2O4)3].H2O. Jurnal Kimia Indonesia. 1(1): 7-12.
Jurnal Kimia Indonesia
Vol. 1 (1), 2006, h. 7-12
11
Feb. 5 , 195.7 ISOMERIZATION
OF POTASSIUM BO9
DIOXALATODIAQUOCHROMATE(TIII)
in the InAs end of the diagram. Attempts t o deter- Thus, all alloys in the system form a solid solu-
mine the extent of this field were not very successful tion as the primary phase upon freezing, and prac-
due t o the inability to attain equilibrium in the tically all alloys complete freezing a t 525’ with
solid alloys, even after heating for three months. the formation of InSb.
The alloys were too brittle to permit acceleration of Acknowledgment.-We wish to thank the Stude-
homogenization by working before heat treatment. baker Corporation for financial assistance and the
Extrapolation of the solidus in this area gives an Indium Corporation of America for the loan of the
approximate value of 27” InSb as the maximum indium used in this investigation.
extent of the one-phase region. NOTRE
DAME,INDIANA
The absorption spectra of trans- and cis-potassium dioxalatodiaquochromate(II1) were determined, the cis form absorbing
considerably more a t peaks slightly shifted toward the red. Using this difference in absorption a t a wave length of 415
mfi, the rate of the trans-cis isomerization was followed spectrophotometrically. The rate was found to be first order with
respect to the chromium salt and independent of added hydrogen ion. The rate varied only slightly with ionic strength.
Rates determined a t different temperatures enabled calculation of heat and entropy of activation for the isomerization.
Methods of preparation of the solid salts of analyses was a cerium(1V) sulfate solution prepared from
dioxalatodiaquochromate( 111) were reported by Certified Ceric Ammonium Nitrate from the G. Frederick
Smith Chemical Company. This ensured that the salts
Croft,2 Rosenheim and CohnJs and E. A. Werner4 used had two moles of oxalate for each mole of chromium.
but i t was A. Werners who first recognized that To analyze for oxalate a weighed sample was boiled with
both trans and cis isomers should exist and that all excess potassium hydroxide t o precipitate the chromium( 111)
previous workers had prepared only the trans hydroxide, the solution was acidified, treated with excess
standard cerium( IV) solution, boiled, cooled, and the excess
isomer because of the very much smaller solubility cerium back-titrated with standard ferrous solution. To
of that isomer. Werner described a procedure for analyze for chromium a weighed sample was acidified,
preparing the cis isomer. boiled with excess ammonium persulfate for 15 minutes in
In a solution of dioxalatodiaquochromate(III), the ‘presence of silver nitrate as catalyst. The chromate
produced was titrated with standard ferrous solution.
the equilibrium between the isomers is such that The absorption spectra and rates were determined by
the cis isomer is the main species present; however, use of a Model DU Beckman spectrophotometer, using 2-
the solubility of the trans isomer is so small that it cm. cells. The solutions were suspended ip a constant
crystallizes out first when a solution is allowed temperature bath except while making the measurements.
The rate measurements were made by the method of
t o evaporate slowly. Since there have been no Guggenheima as modified by King.’ Two identical samples
reports on the exact relationships existing between were weighed out. The first was dissolved, diluted to
these isomers in solution, i t was the purpose of this volume and allowed to stand in the constant temperature
investigation to study the kinetics of the trans-cis bath for several times the half-life of the reaction. The
second weighed sample was dissolved, diluted and the
isomerization of potassium dioxalatodiaquochro- absorbancy* of the first sample measured as a function of
mate(II1). This was possible by spectrophoto- time after putting the second sample into solution, using
metric methods since in solution the cis isomer the second solution in the reference cell.
absorbs much more strongly than the trans isomer. The reaction was considered to he
This was first recognized by observation of the ki
color of the fresh cis and trans solutions a t equiv- Zrans + cis
alent concentrations. Under these conditions the and the equation that was applied to treat the data was
solution of the trans isomer is much less intensely
colored. ’48’ = (A.)o, - (’4.11 = b(nd1 -
Experimental e-kiy)[(aM)c - (a~)~]e-Rif
Reagents.-The trans- and cis-potassium dioxalato- where A.’ was the measured.absorbancy of the first, more
diaquochromate( 111) were prepared by the methods of strongly absorbing solution with reference to the second
Werner6 using reagent grade oxalic acid and potassium solution, 6 was the cell thickness, ( T ) owas the molar con-
dichromate. The ionic strength was controlled by adding centration of the starting trans compound, ( U Y ) T and
reagent grade sodium nitrate, and the acidity was con- ( u M )were
~ the molar absorbancy indexes of the trans and
trolled by addition of reagent grade perchloric acid. cis species. y was the time between mixing the first and
F’rocedure.-The salts used were analyzed for both second solutions. and t was the time since mixing the second
oxalate and chromium. The reference standard for both solution. By plotting log ’4.’ against t the slope of the
straight line obtained was -k1/2.303, wheFe R1 was the
(1) The work on this investigation was supported b y National Sci- specific reaction rate constant. By plotting in this manner
ence Foundation Research Grant NSF-G62 The first paper of this
JOURNAL, 73, 1240 (1951).
series is considered t o be THIS (6) E. A. Guggenheim, Phil. Mag., 171 2, 538 (1926).
(2) H. Croft, Phrl. Mag., 21, 197 (1842) (7) E . L. King, THISJOURNAL, 74, 563 (1952).
(3) A. Rosenheim and R . Cohn, Z a n o w . Chcm., 28, 337 (1901). ( 8 ) The terms used for spectrophotometric data are those recom-
(4) E. A. Werner, J . Chem. Soc , 53, 404 (1888). mended by the National Bureau of Standards, Letter Circular, LC-857
(5) A. Werner, Ann., 406, 261 (1914). (1947).
Feb. .j,1%8 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC INVESTIGATIONS OF COPPER PYROPHOSPHATE COMPLEXES 61 1
the results on racemization of trioxalatochromate In order to explain the results obtained, both k2
(111) reported by Bushra and Johnson.1o Table and k3 would have to be very large with respect
I1 gives the values calculated for these reactions. to kl, and to explain the final equilibrium being
shifted very far in the direction of the cis isomer
I1
TABLE kl must be very large with respect t o kk. If the
a.s-t3 a&# AI:%m*
cal./deg. kcal. kcal. slow steps are those forming the intermediate there
trans-cis Isomerization dioxalatodi- will be no appreciable amount of the intermediate
aquochromate( 111) -15.3 1 7 . 5 22.1 present a t any time as i t will be reacting very
Exchange of H2O for C1 in dichloro- rapidly to form the end-products. The negative
tetraaquochromium( 111) -16.3 14.4 1 9 . 3 entropy of activation obtained is in agreement
Racemization of trioxalatochromate- with this postulate, since in addition to requiring
(111) -24.5 14.9 22.3 a properly oriented water molecule, which will
require the water molecule t o lose its rotational
Long" has conclusively demonstrated that the freedom, there is the formation of the additional
racemization of trioxalatochromate(II1) does not bond in the intermediate.
involve the separation of oxalate ions from the The exchange of a water molecule for a chloride
complex. I t is likely that this separation of oxalate in the dichlorotetraaquochromium(II1) has essen-
ions does not occur in the isomerization of the tially the same entropy of activation and therefore
dioxalatochromate(II1). It may be postulated can be assumed to involve the same type process.
that the reaction could occur upon collision of the The greaterepart of the negative entropy of activa-
trans complex ion with a properly oriented water tion in both cases can be explained by the loss of
molecule. A reaction intermediate would be freedom of rotation of a water molecule. In the
formed in which the incoming water molecule would case of the racemization of the trioxalatochromate
occupy a position in the chromium octahedron. (111) the large negative entropy of activation may
The end of the oxalate thus released could be held involve either the requirement of two properly
loosely by the three water molecules, possibly oriented water molecules or a transmission coefi-
through hydrogen bonding. If the central water cient which is considerably less than unity.
were released the trans isomer would be recovered, The lower heat of activation in the case of the
but if either of the other water molecules were re- racemization of the trioxalatochromate may be
leased by rebonding the oxalate, the cis isomer explained by the fact that this is a triply negative
would be the product. This reaction may be repre- charged ion instead of a singly negative charged
sented by ion as in the case of the dioxalatochromate. This
ki k3 larger negative charge would make i t easier t o
trans + H20 intermediate cis + H?O separate the bonds to give the reaction intermediate
despite the fact that there are two bonds t o be
k? kr
(10) E , Bushra and C. H. Johnson, J. Chem. Soc., 1937 (1939).
separated.
(11) F. A. Long, THISJOURNAL, 61, 370 (1939). SALTLAKECITY1, UTAH
[COSTRIBUTION
FROM THE CHEMISTRY THEOHIOSTATE
DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY
]
It has long been evident that copper and pyro- they concluded that a dipyrophosphatocuprate(I1)
phosphate ions form complexes in aqueous solution complex was present in this particular crystalline
since the blue color of the mixture is considerably phase but that the copper ions were hydrated with
more intense than that due t o the hydrated copper variable amounts of water in other crystals con-
ion alone. Bassett, Bedwell and Hutchinson' taining copper and pyrophosphate ions. Rogers
observed that the intensely blue color of the copper and Reynolds,2 in an investigation of the com-
complex in solutions persisted in only one crystal, plexes of copper and other metals with alkali pyro-
namely, the moderately soluble crystalline NaCCu- phosphates by potentiometric, conductometric and
(P207)2*16H20. On the basis of this observation amperometric titrations, found that the equivalence
(1) H. Bassett, W. L. Bedwell and J. B, Hutchinson, J . Chem. Soc., (2) L. B. Rogers and C. A. Reynolds, THISJOURNAL, 71, 2081
1412 (1936). (1949).