ALUR PERCOBAAN
Analisis Kation Golongan I
Analisis Kation Golongan IIA
21. Ditambahkan 1 ml
larutan NaOH
22. Dipanaskan pada Tidak Larutan
penangas air Berwarna Berwarna
selama 2 menit Biru Biru
23. Disentrifuge
29. Dialirkan gas H2S
selama 10 detik
Endapan Bi2S3 Filtrat Pb(OH)4 2+
dalam larutan
ammoniakal
24. Dicuci dengan 5 ml 27. Diasamkan dengan
air CH3COOH encer Endapan
25. Dibuang air 28. Ditambah 2 tetes Kuning CdS
Cuciannya larutan K2CrO4 adanya Cd(II)
26. Ditambah 1 ml Na-
Stannit Endapan Kuning
PbCrO4
Endapan Hitam 30. Dibagi menjadi 2
Bi(III)
31. Diasamkan dengan 33. Ditetesi KCN sambil
CH3COOH diaduk hingga warna
32. Ditambah 1 tetes biru hilang
kalium ferosianida 34. Dialiri gas H2S
selama 30-40 detik
Endapan Coklat
Kemerahan adanya Endapan Kuning
Cu(II) CdS adanya Cd(II)
Reaksi – reaksi :
1. Reaksi 1
Hg22+ + H2S → Hg (s) + HgS (s) + 2H+
3Hg2+ + 2Cl- + 2H2S → Hg3S2Cl2 (s) + 4H+
2Bi3+ + 3H2S → Bi2S3 (s) + 6H+
Cu2+ + H2S → CuS (s) + 2H+
Cd2+ + H2S → CdS (s) + 2H+
2. Reaksi 2
Hg3S2Cl2 (s) + H2S → 3HgS (s) + 2H+ + 2Cl-
2Bi + 8HNO3 → 2Bi3+ + 6NO3- + 2NO (g) + 4H2O
3Cu + 8HNO3 → 3Cu2+ + 6NO3- + 2NO (g) + 4H2O
3CdS (s) + 8H+ + 2NO3- → 3Cu2+ + 3S (s) + 2NO (g) + 4H2O
3PbS (s) + 8H+ + 2NO3- → 3Pb2+ + 3S (s) + 2NO (g) + 4H2O
3. Reaksi 3
HgS (s) + OCl- + 2H+ + Cl- → HgCl2 + S (s) + H2O
2Hg2+ + Sn2+ + 2Cl- → Hg2Cl2 (s) + Sn4+
Hg2Cl2 (s) + Sn2+ → 2Hg (s) + Sn4+ + 2Cl-
4. Reaksi 4
Pb2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O → Pb(OH)2 (s) + 2NH4+
Bi2+ + 3NH3 + 3H2O → Bi(OH)3 (s) + 3NH4+
Cu2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O → Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2NH4+
Cd2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O → Cd(OH)2 (s) + 2NH4+
5. Reaksi 5
Pb(OH)2 (s) + 2OH- → [Pb(OH)4]2-
6. Reaksi 6
[Pb(OH)4]2- + CH3COOH → [Pb(CH3COO)4]2-
[Pb(CH3COO)4]2- + CrO42- → PbCrO4 (s) + 4CH3COO-
7. Reaksi 7
Cu2+ + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+
Cd2+ + 4NH3 → [Cd(NH3)4]2+
8. Reaksi 8
[Cd(NH3)4]2+ + 4CN- → Cd(CN)4]2- + 4NH3
Cd(CN)4]2- + H2S + 2NH3 → CdS (s) + NH4 + 4CN-
9. Reaksi 9
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 4CH3COOH → Cu2+ + 4NH4+ + 4CH3COO-
2Cu2+ + [Fe(CN)6]4- → Cu2[Fe(CN)6] (s) (Svehla, 1985)
Analisis Kation Golongan IIB
Warna Merah
adanya Sn(IV)
Reaksi – reaksi :
1. Reaksi 1
2AsO33- + 3H2S + 6H+ → As2S3 (s) + 6H2O
SnO32- + 2SnS32- + 6H+ → 3SnS2 (s) + 3H2O
2SbS43- + 6H+ → Sb2S5 (s) + 3H2S (g)
SbO2- + 3SbS2- + 4H+ → 2Sb2S3 (s) + 2H2O
2AsO43- + 5H2S + 6H+ → As2S5 (s) + 8H2O
SnS32- + 2H+ → SnS2 (s) + H2S (g)
[HgS2]2- + 2H+ → HgS (s) + H2S (g)
2. Reaksi 2
SbS3 (s) + 6HCl → 2Sb3+ + 3H2S (g) + 2S (s) + 6Cl-
SnS2 (s) + 4HCl → Sn4+ + 2H2S (g) + 4Cl-
3. Reaksi 3
Hg2Cl2 (s) + Sn2+ → 2Hg (s) + Sn4+ + 2Cl-
4. Reaksi 4
As2S3 (s) + 12NH3 + 14H2O2 → AsO43- + 12NH4+ + 3SO42- + 8H2O
As2S5 (s) + 16NH3 + 20H2O2 → 2AsO43- + 16NH4+ + S5O42- + 14H2O
AsO43- + Mg2+ +NH4+ → MgNH4AsO4 (s)
MgNH4AsO4 (s) + 3Ag+ → Ag3AsO4 (s) + Mg2+ + NH4+
5. Reaksi 5
2Sb3+ + 3H2S + 6NH3 → Sb2S3 (s) + 6NH4+
6. Reaksi 6
Sn2+ + Hg2Cl2 → Hg2Cl2 (s) + Sn4+ + 2Cl- (Svehla, 1985)
Analisis Kation Golongan IIIA
6. Ditambahkan 1 ml HCl 1 M
7. Diaduk
8. Disentrifuge
Analit
1. Dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi
2. Ditambahkan Na2S2O3 jenuh
3. Dipanaskan
4. Didekantasi diambil filtratnya
SO42- CH3COO-
Larutan Persiapan
Endapan Putih
adanya Ion SO42-
Reaksi – reaksi :
SO42- + Ba2+ → BaSO4 (s) (Svehla, 1985)
Larutan Persiapan
Larutan Persiapan
1. Dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi
2. Ditambahkan larutan AgNO3
Endapan Putih
Endapan Larut
adanya Ion Cl-
Reaksi – reaksi :
Cl- (aq) + Ag+ (aq) → AgCl (s)
AgCl (s) + 2NH3 (aq) → [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl- (aq) (Svehla, 1985)
Larutan Persiapan
Endapan Larut
adanya Ion Br-
Reaksi – reaksi :
Br- (aq) + Ag+ (aq) → AgBr (s)
AgBr (s) + 2NH3 (aq) → [Ag(NH3)2]+ (aq) + Br- (aq) (Svehla, 1985)
6. Pembuktian Ion Iodida (I-)
Larutan Persiapan
Endapan Coklat
Reaksi – reaksi :
4I- (aq) + 2Cu2+ (aq) → CuI (s) + I2 (aq)
I2 (aq) + 2S2O32- (aq) → 2I- (aq) + S4O62- (Svehla, 1985)
Larutan Persiapan
Reaksi – reaksi :
S2- (aq) + Pb2+ → PbS (s) (Svehla , 1985)
Larutan Persiapan
Endapan Putih
Endapan Larut
4. Dipanaskan
Larutan Persiapan
1. Dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi
2. Ditambahkan larutan I2
3. Didiamkan
Reaksi – reaksi :
I2 (aq) + 2S2O32- (aq) → 2I- (aq) + S4O62- (aq) (Svehla, 1985)
Endapan Putih
adanya Ion CO32-
Reaksi – reaksi :
CO32- (aq) + Ca2+ (aq) → CaCO3 (s) (Svehla, 1985)
Larutan Persiapan
Reaksi – reaksi :
HPO42- (aq) + Mg2+ (aq) → MgNH4PO4 (s) (Svehla, 1985)
Larutan Persiapan
3. Diencerkan
4. Dipanaskan
Endapan Coklat
Fe(OH)2CH3COO
Reaksi – reaksi :
6CH3COO- (aq) + 3Fe3+ (aq) + 2H2O (l) → [Fe3(OH)2(CH3COO)6]+ (aq) + 2H+
[Fe3(OH)2(CH3COO)6]+ (aq) + 4H2O (l) → 3Fe(OH)2CH3COO (s) + 3CH3COOH (aq) +
H+ (aq) (Svehla, 1985)