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Kepemimpinan dan Berpikir Sistem (leadership and system

thinking) adalah kompetensi utama kesehatan masyarakat (core


competence of public health), di samping kompetensi lainnya. Itulah
sebabnya, lingkaran kepemimpinan dan berpikir sistem berada dalam
in lingkaran kompetensi kesehatan masyarakat dan menjadi penggerak
bagi kompetensi lainnya. Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat
memiliki prinsip-prinsip dasar yang dapat berbeda dengan penerapan
kepemimpinan pada bidang yang lain, termasuk dalam bidang kesehatan
secara umum.
Buku dengan judul Kepemimpinan dan Berpikir Sistem dalam
Kesehatan Masyarakat, merupakan revisi dari buku Public Health
Leadership yang pernah terbit sebelumnya. Perubahan ini dilakukan
untuk meng-update materi sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan permintaan
berbagai pihak, apalagi mata kuliah Kepemimpinan dan Berpikir Sistem
Kesehatan Masyarakat ini merupakan mata kuliah in berdasarkan
kurikulum nasional bagi Asosiasi Ins tusi Perguruan Tinggi Kesehatan
Masyarakat Indonesia (AIPTKMI). Perbedaan yang sangat mendasar dari
isi buku sebelumnya adalah pada buku ini ditambahkan 1 bagian khusus
yang membicarakan tentang Berpikir Sistem dan Organisasi
Pembelajaran (Learning Organiza on), yaitu pada Bagian III. Selain itu,
juga dilakukan penambahan materi pada Bagian IV berkaitan dengan
Penerapan dan Kebutuhan Peneli an Kepemimpinan Kesehatan
Masyarakat. Terdapat dua tambahan Bab pada Bagian ini yaitu berkaitan
dengan Kepemimpinan dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19, dan
Pengembangan Pulau Sehat (Healthy Islands). Sementara pada Bagian I
yang membahas tentang Konsep Dasar, Teori dan E ka Kepemimpinan
Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Bagian II tentang Kompetensi dan Skill
Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat, dak terlalu banyak perubahan,
kecuali hanya beberapa aspek saja.
Buku ini sangat bagus dibaca oleh para mahasiswa, dosen dan
prak si yang ingin memahami konsep kepemimpinan kesehatan
masyarakat secara keseluruhan.
KEPEMIMPINAN DAN BERPIKIR SISTEM
DALAM KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Penulis
Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, PhD
Rancang Cover
Wisnu
Tata Aksara
Dimaswids
Cetakan I, April 2021

Penerbit
Pustaka Pelajar
(Anggota IKAPI)
Celeban Timur UH III/548 Yogyakarta 55167
Telp. 0274 381542, Faks. 0274 383083
E-mail: pustakapelajar@yahoo.com

ISBN: Dalam proses

iv Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D


Bab II
Teori Gaya dan Sifat Kepemimpinan
Bidang Kesehatan — 33
2.1 Pendahuluan — 33
2.2 Teori kepemimpinan — 33
2.3 Gaya Kepemimpinan — 34
2.4 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Gaya Kepemimpinan — 52
2.5 Sifat kepemimpinan — 55
2.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 55
2.7 Penutup — 56

Bab III
Kepemimpinan Transformasional Bidang Kesehatan — 57
3.1 Pendahuluan — 57
3.2 Pendekatan Transformasional terhadap
Kepemimpinan — 58
3.3 Pengukuran Kepemimpinan Transformasional — 64
3.4 Perilaku Kepemimpinan Transformasional — 71
3.5 Bagaimana Kepemimpinan Transformasional Bekerja
dan Berdampak pada Organisasi? — 72
3.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 73
3.7 Penutup — 74

Bab IV
Etika Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat — 75
4.1 Pendahuluan — 75
4.2 Konsep Dasar Etika Kepemimpinan — 76
4.3 Prinsip Etika Kepemimpinan — 78
4.4 Pentingnya Etika Kepemimpinan
dalam Kesehatan — 80
4.5 Tantangan Etika Kepemimpinan dan Komponen
Perilaku Etik — 86
4.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 90
4.7 Penutup — 91

x Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D


BAGIAN II
KOMPETENSI DAN SKILL KEPEMIMPINAN KESEHATAN
MASYARAKAT — 93

Bab V
Kepemimpinan dan Pengembangan Kebijakan
Kesehatan — 95
5.1 Pendahuluan — 95
5.2 Apa Kebijakan Kesehatan itu? — 96
5.3 Mengapa Mengembangkan Kebijakan Kesehatan? — 99
5.4 Proses Pembuatan Kebijakan Kesehatan — 99
5.5 Rekomendasi Institute of Medicine, Washington,
DC dalam kaitan dengan Kepemimpinan Kesehatan
Masyarakat dan Issue-Issue yang Berkaitan dengan
Kebijakan Kesehatan — 113
5.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 115
5.7 Penutup — 115

Bab VI
Kepemimpinan dan Komunikasi Kesehatan
Masyarakat — 117
6.1 Pendahuluan — 117
6.2 Konsep komunikasi kesehatan — 117
6.3 Hambatan terhadap Komunikasi Kesehatan — 121
6.4 Mengapa Komunikasi Penting dalam Kepemimpinan
Kesehatan Masyarakat? — 124
6.5 Keterampilan Komunikasi bagi Para Pemimpin
Kesehatan Masyarakat — 126
6.6 Penutup — 144

Bab VII
Kepemimpinan dan Pengambilan Keputusan — 146
7.1 Pendahuluan — 146
7.2 What: Pengambilan Keputusan — 146
7.3 Peranan dan Model Pengambilan Keputusan — 148
7.4 Evidence Based Decision Making in Public

Kepemimpinan & Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat xi


Health — 158
7.5 Hambatan-Hambatan dalam Pengambilan
Keputusan — 160
7.6 Tugas Pemimpin Kesehatan Masyarakat — 161
7.7 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 162
7.8 Penutup — 162

Bab VIII
Kepemimpinan, Konflik dan Negosiasi dalam Bidang
Kesehatan — 163
8.1 Pendahuluan — 163
8.2 Konflik dalam Bidang Kesehatan — 163
8.3 Negosiasi dalam Bidang Kesehatan — 175
8.4 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 184
8.5 Penutup — 185

BAGIAN III
BERPIKIR SISTEM DAN ORGANISASI PEMBELAJAR DALAM
BIDANG KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT — 187

Bab IX
Organisasi Pembelajar (Learning Organization) — 189
9.1 Pendahuluan — 189
9.2 Sejarah Singkat — 189
9.3 Hukum Disiplin Kelima Organisasi Pembelajar — 190
9.4 Konsep Organisasi Pembelajar —199
9.5 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 201
9.6 Penutup — 202

Bab X
Berpikir Sistem (System Thinking) — 203
10.1 Pendahuluan — 203
10.2 Konsep Dasar Berpikir Sistem — 204
10.3 Tiga Tingkat Penjelasan Berpikir Sistem — 209
10.4 Tujuh Kendala Belajar — 212
10.5 Sembilan Arkeptipe Sistem — 215

xii Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D


10.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 217
10.7 Penutup — 218

Bab XI
Keahlian Pribadi (Personal Mastery) — 219
11.1 Pendahuluan — 219
11.2 Konsep Keahlian Pribadi (Personal Mastery) — 219
11.3 Pengaruh Personal Mastery dengan Kinerja
Organisasi — 222
11.4 Cara Meningkatkan Keahlian Pribadi — 223
11.5 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 227
11.6 Penutup — 227

Bab XII
Model Mental (Mental Model) — 229
12.1 Pendahuluan — 229
12.2 Konsep Model Mental (Mental Model) dalam
Organisasi Pembelajar — 229
12.3 Diskusi dan Penugasam — 236
12.4 Penutup — 237

Bab XIII
Membangun Visi Bersama (Shared Vision) — 238
13.1 Pendahuluan — 238
13.2 Pengertian Visi Bersama (Shared Vision) — 238
13.3 Pengaruh Visi Bersama, leadership, kepuasan dan
Kinerja Organisasi — 243
13.4 Cara Menciptakan Visi Bersama — 244
13.5 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 245
13.6 Penutup — 246

Bab XIV
Pembelajaran Tim (Team Learning) — 247
14.1 Pendahuluan — 247
14.2 Konsep Pembelajaran Tim dalam Organisasi
Pembelajar — 247

Kepemimpinan & Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat xiii


14.3 Bagaimana Menciptakan Pembelajaran Tim — 252
14.4 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pembelajaran Tim — 256
14.5 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 256

BAGIAN IV
PENERAPAN DAN KEBUTUHAN PENELITIAN
KEPEMIMPINAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT — 259

Bab XV
Partnership, Kepemimpinan dan Healthy Cities — 261
15.1 Pendahuluan — 261
15.2 Konsep dasar, strategi dan faktor-faktor sukses
implementasi Healthy Cities — 262
15.3 Tantangan dan faktor-faktor sukses implementasi
Healthy Cities — 267
15.4 Partnership, kepemimpinan dan Healthy Cities — 277
15.5 Pentingnya Leadership dan Pengembangan
Partnership Healthy Cities — 284
15.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 285
15.7 Penutup — 285

Bab XVI
Kepemimpinan terhadap Pandemi Covid-19 — 287
16.1 Pendahuluan — 287
16.2 Perkembangan Kasus Covid-19 secara Global dan
Nasional — 288
16.3 Tantangan Pengendalian Covid-19 — 290
16.4 Hoaks berkaitan dengan Pengendalian
Covid-19 — 294
16.5 Vaksinasi: Perlindungan Spesifik Kesehatan
Masyarakat — 298
16.6 Kebutuhan Kompetensi Kepemimpinan
dalam Pengendalian Covid-19 — 300
16.7 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 304
16.8 Penutup — 304

xiv Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D


Bab XVII
Pengembangan Pulau Sehat (Healthy Islands) — 306
17.1 Pendahuluan — 306
17.2 Masalah Kesehatan di Daerah Kepulauan — 307
17.3 Pulau sebagai Setting (Healthy Setting) — 310
17.4 Penguatan Kemitraan dan Kepemimpinan dalam
Mewujudkan Pulau Sehat — 324
17.5 Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Daerah
Kepulauan — 329
17.6 Diskusi dan Penutup — 336
17.7 Penutup — 337

Bab XVIII
Penelitian dalam Bidang Kepemimpinan Kesehatan — 339
18.1 Pendahuluan — 339
18.2 State of the art penelitian kepemimpinan
kesehatan — 339
18.3 Diskusi dan penugasan penelitian kepemimpinan
kesehatan — 386
18.4 Penutup — 386

References — 387
Profil Penulis — 433

Kepemimpinan & Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat xv


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432 Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D


PROFIL PENULIS

PROF. SUKRI PALUTTURI, SKM, M.Kes.,


MSc.PH, Ph.D lahir pada tanggal 29
Mei 1972 di Tanatoa, Jeneponto Sulawesi
Selatan. Memperoleh pendidikan SDN No.
64 Tanatoa tahun 1986, SMP Negeri 2
Allu Tanatoa tahun 1989, SMA Negeri
9 Makassar tahun 1992. Dimasa SMA,
penulis tercatat sebagai salah satu siswa
ungulan di sekolah tersebut. Karena
prestasi akademiknya dia bergabung di
SMA kelas khusus yang dikelola oleh BPG/LPMP tingkat Sulawesi
Selatan. Pada tahun 1998 dan 2001 penulis menyelesaikan
jenjang pendidikan Strata 1 (S.K.M.) dan Strata 2 (M.Kes.) di
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Hasanuddin. Atas
kerjasama pemerintah Indonesia dan Australia, pada tahun
2008 penulis mendapat kesempatan untuk mengambil Program
Master of Science in Public Health-Public Health Leadership
(MSc.PH) di Griffith University, Australia. Pada tahun 2013
penulis menyelesaikan Program Philosophy of Doctor (PhD) pada
universitas yang sama, Griffith University Australia. Penulis
telah menikah: istri, Dr. Ir. Aslina Asnawi, S.Pt., M.Si., IPM dan
telah dikarunia anak: Ahmad Farhan Tanatoa, Ahmad Fauzan

Kepemimpinan & Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat 433


Tanatoa dan Ahmad Farhat Tanatoa.
Penulis aktif menghadiri berbagai international conference,
dan short course diberbagai negara, misalnya di Australia,
Jepang, Brazil, Korea Selatan, Kazakstan, China, Philipines,
Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand. 65 article journal internasional
telah dipublikasi pada jurnal Scopus bereputasi, h-indeks
Scopus 8, ID Scopus: 57189250331 dan 168 publikasi journal
yang diindeks oleh Google Scholar, dengan h-indeks 12.
Berbagai buku yang telah diterbitkan: Kesehatan itu Politik,
diterbitkan oleh e-Media Solusindo, Semarang, ISBN: 978-979-
16198-5-1; Public Health Leadership, diterbitkan oleh Pustaka
Pelajar Yogyakarta, ISBN: 978-602-229-269-2; Health Politics:
Teori dan Praktek, diterbitkan oleh Pustaka Pelajar Yogyakarta,
ISBN: 978-602-229-561-7; Healthy Cities: Konsep Global,
Implementasi Lokal untuk Indonesia, diterbitkan oleh Pustaka
Pelajar Yogyakarta, ISBN: 978-602-229-776-5; Tradisi Dole-
Dole Masyarakat Buton, diterbitkan oleh Pena Indis, Makassar,
ISBN: 978-602-429-106-8; Politik Kesehatan di Indonesia (Edisi
Revisi), diterbitkan oleh Pustaka Pelajar Yogyakarta, ISBN: 978-
602-229-972-1, Indonesia Perang Melawan Covid-19, diterbitkan
oleh Pustaka Pelajar Yogyakarta, ISBN: 978-623-236-081-5,
dan COVID-19: Indonesia Butuh Kita, diterbitkan oleh Pustaka
Pelajar Yogyakarta, ISBN: 978-623-236-109-6.
Saat ini penulis sebagai Wakil Dekan Bidang Kemahasiswaan,
Alumni dan Kemitraan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat
Universitas Hasanuddin Periode II: 2018-2022; Anggota Dewan
Research Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan; Tim Koordinasi
Pengembangan Rumah Sakit Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan; Komite
Ahli Kesehatan Lingkungan Sub Divisi Kualitas Tatanan Sehat/
Kabupaten/Kota Sehat Kementerian Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia; Tim Ahli Percepatan dan Pengendalian Covid-19 Kota
Makassar dan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penulis adalah Guru
Besar Bidang Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan Fakultas
Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Hasanuddin, dengan bidang

434 Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D


kepakaran Healthy Cities dan Setting, Health Policy and Politics,
and Public Health Leadership. Alamat email: sukritanatoa72@
gmail.com; sukripalutturi@unhas.ac.id; Mobile: 08114453033.

Kepemimpinan & Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat 435

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