SKRIPSI
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN
JURUSAN MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERAIRAN
Oleh :
RIKY PRATAMA
NIM. 135080300111009
SKRIPSI
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN
JURUSAN MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERAIRAN
Oleh :
RIKY PRATAMA
NIM. 135080300111009
ii
SKRIPSI
Oleh:
RIKY PRATAMA
NIM. 135080300111009
Menyetujui,
Dosen Pembimbing I Dosen Pembimbing II
Mengetahui,
Ketua Jurusan
Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan
iii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa skripsi Kandungan Gizi Dalam Pembuatan
Brownies Kukus Yang Disubstitusi Tepung Ubi Ungu Dan Spirulina sp, Untuk
Memenuhu Kebutuhan Gizi Anak adalah karya saya sendiri dan belum diajukan
dalam bentuk apapun kepada perguruan tinggi manapun. Sumber informasi yang
berasal dari atau kutipan dari karya yang diterbitkan maupun yang tidak
diterbitkan dari penulis telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam
Malang,
Mahasiswa
Riky Pratama
Nim.13580300111009
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puji dan ucapan syukur dipanjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah
Yang Disubstitusi Tepung Ubi Ungu Dan Spirulina sp, Untuk Memenuhu
Kebutuhan Gizi Anak”. Penyusunan skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat
kepada :
1. Dr. Ir. Anies Chamidah, MP. selaku Dosen Pembimbing, yang telah banyak
2. Hefti Salis Yufidasari, S.Pi, MP. selaku Dosen Pembimbing II, yang telah
semoga Skripsi ini bermanfaat dan dapat memberikan informasi bagi pembaca.
Malang,
Penyusun
v
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................I
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN...................................................................................III
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS.........................................................................IV
KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................V
DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................VI
DAFAR TABEL...................................................................................................IX
DAFTAR GAMBAR.............................................................................................X
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN..........................................................................................XI
1. PENDAHULUAN..........................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah..................................................................................2
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian....................................................................................3
1.4 Hipotesis................................................................................................3
1.5 Kegunaan...............................................................................................3
1.6 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian.................................................................4
2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.....................................................................................5
2.1 Pengertian Gizi.......................................................................................5
2.1.1 Macam-macan Gizi..........................................................................6
2.1.2 Kebutuhan Makanan Anak..............................................................7
2.2 Brownies.................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Bahan Dalam Pembuatan Brownies................................................8
2.2.2 Proses pembuatan Brownies.........................................................11
2.2.3 Kriteria Kualitas Brownies..............................................................12
2.3 Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea Batotas)........................................................13
2.3.1 Karakteristik Gizi Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea Batotas).....................15
2.3.2 Tepung Ubi Ungu (Ipomoea Batotas)............................................16
2.4 Spirulina platensis................................................................................17
2.4.1 Morfologi dan Klasifikasi Spirulina sp............................................18
2.4.2 Kandungan Nutrisi Spirulina platensis...........................................18
2.4.2 Manfaat Spirulina platensis............................................................19
2.5 Response Surface Method (RSM)........................................................20
3. METODE PENELITIAN..................................................................................22
3.1 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian.......................................................................22
3.1.1 Alat Penelitian...............................................................................22
3.1.2 Bahan Penelitian..............................................................................22
3.2 Metode Penelitian.................................................................................22
3.3 Penelitian Tahap Pertama....................................................................23
3.4 Penelitian Tahap Kedua.......................................................................23
3.5 Prosedur Kerja......................................................................................24
3.5.1 Pembuatan Tepung Ubi Ungu.......................................................24
3.5.2 Formulasi Brownies.......................................................................25
3.5.3 Pembuatan Brownies....................................................................26
3.6 Rancangan Penelitian...........................................................................27
3.7 Parameter Uji........................................................................................28
4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN.......................................................................30
4.1 Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Organoleptik Brownies Kukus Tahap
Pertama.......................................................................................................... 30
4.1.1 Kadar Antosianin...........................................................................30
4.1.2 Daya Tekstur.................................................................................32
4.1.3 Aroma............................................................................................33
4.1.4 Warna............................................................................................34
4.1.5 Tekstur..........................................................................................36
4.1.6 Rasa..............................................................................................37
4.2 Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Organoleptik Brownies Kukus Tahap
Kedua 38
4.2.1 Optimasi Formulasi Brownies.......................................................39
4.2.2 Analisis Respon Kadar Air.............................................................43
4.2.3. Analisis Respon Kadar Lemak.......................................................45
4.2.4. Analisis Respon Kadar Abu...........................................................49
4.2.5. Analisis Respon Kadar Protein......................................................52
4.2.6. Analisis Respon Kadar Karbohidrat...............................................55
4.2.7. Analisis Respon Antosianin............................................................58
4.2.8. Analisis Respon Daya Tekstur.......................................................60
4.2.9. Analisis Respon Rasa....................................................................66
4.2.10. Analisis Respon Warna..................................................................68
4.2.11. Analisis Respon Aroma..................................................................71
4.2.12. Analisis Respon Tekstur................................................................73
4.3. Optimasi Kondisi Proses Pembuatan Brownies....................................76
4.4 Verifikasi Solusi Formula Optimum.......................................................79
5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN..........................................................................81
5.1 Kesimpulan...........................................................................................81
5.2 Saran....................................................................................................81
DAFTAR PUSTAKA...........................................................................................82
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Halaman
Gambar Halaman
1. Brownies.................................................................................................... 8
2. Ubi Ungu (Ipomoe batotas)........................................................................ 14
3. Spirulina dilihat dari mikroskop.................................................................. 20
4. Grafik histogram kadar antosianin.............................................................. 31
5. Grafik histogram daya tekstur.................................................................... 32
6. Grafik histogram Organoleptik Aroma........................................................ 33
7. Grafik histogram Organoleptik Warna........................................................ 35
8. Grafik histogram Organoleptik Tekstur....................................................... 36
9. Grafik histogram Organoleptik Rasa.......................................................... 37
10. Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Air..................................................... 44
11. Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Kadar air........................................ 45
12. Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Kadar air....................................... 45
13. Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon kadar lemak...................................... 47
14. Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Kadar lemak.................................. 48
15. Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Lemak........................................... 48
16. Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Abu................................................... 50
17. Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Kadar Abu...................................... 51
18. Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon kadar abu..................................... 51
19. Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Protein.............................................. 53
20 Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Kadar Protein................................. 54
21 Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Protein.......................................... 54
22 Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Karbohidrat....................................... 56
23 Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Kadar karbohidrat.......................... 57
24 Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Karbohidrat................................... 57
25 Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Antosianin......................................... 59
26 Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Antosianin...................................... 59
27 Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Antosianin..................................... 60
28 Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon daya tekstur...................................... 61
29 Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon daya tekstur................................... 62
30 Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon daya tekstur.................................. 62
31 Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Serat pangan.................................... 64
32 Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Serat pangan................................. 65
33 Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Serat pangan................................ 65
34. Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Rasa................................................. 67
35. Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Rasa.............................................. 68
36. Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Rasa............................................. 68
37 Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Warna............................................... 69
38 Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Warna............................................ 70
39 Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Warna........................................... 70
40. Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Aroma............................................... 72
41. Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Aroma............................................ 73
42. Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Aroma........................................... 73
43 Plot Kenormalan Residual Respon Tekstur.............................................. 74
44 Grafik Contour Plot Hasil Uji Respon Tekstur........................................... 75
45 Grafik Tiga Dimensi Hasil Uji Respon Tekstur.......................................... 75
46 Grafik contour plot nilai desirability formula optimum............................... 78
47 Grafik contour plot nilai desirability formula optimum............................... 78
48 Bar Graph keseluruhan nilai desirability formula optimum........................ 79
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran Halaman