LAMPIRAN IA

NERACA MASSA

A. Perhitungan Neraca Massa pada Masing-Masing Alat

Kapasitas produksi = 50.000 Ton/Tahun

1 tahun produksi = 330 hari

1 hari produksi = 24 jam

Basis perhitungan = 1 jam operasi

Satuan operasi = kg/jam

𝑡𝑜𝑛 1000 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 1 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
Kapasitas produksi per jam = 50.000 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 x x 330 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖x24 𝑗𝑎𝑚
1 𝑡𝑜𝑛

= 6.313,13 kg/jam

1. Rotary Cutter (RC-1)

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Rotary Cutter adalah

F1=F2

Rotary Cutter for fibrous material untuk material shoft-wood chips akan lolos

pada sieve 10 dan 90% akan tertahan pada sieve 50 (Walas, 1988). Pada Rotary

Cutter diharapkan ukuran bahan baku TKKS sebesar 2 mm atau lolos pada sieve

10. Oleh karenanya efisiensi dari alat Rotary Cutter yang digunakan adalah 100%.

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 2:

Komponen Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
<1> <2>
TKKS 74162,3115 74162,3115
Total 74162,3115 74162,3115

IA1
2. Ball Mill (BM-1), Vibrating Screen (SR-1)

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Hammer Mill adalah

F2 + F4 = F3

Neraca massa di alur 3:

TKKS : F2 + F4 = 74162,3115 + 3903,2796 = 78065,5911kg/jam

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<2> <4> <3>
TKKS 74162,3115 3903,2796 78065,5911
Total 78065,5911 78065,5911

Dari spesifikasi alat Hammer Mill SWFL 150D Micro Pulverizer 95% lolos

melewati screen ukuran 80 mesh.

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Vibrating Screen adalah

F5 = 95 % x F3

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 5:

TKKS : 0,95 x F3 = 0,95 x 78065,5911 = 31.263,2448 kg/jam

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<3> <4> <5>
Selulosa 78065,5911 3903,2796 74162,3115
Total 78065,5911 78065,5911

Alur 4 adalah bahan baku TKKS yang direcycle

F5 = 5% x F3
Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 4:

TKKS : 0,05 x F3 = 0,05 x 78065,5911 = 3903,2796 kg/jam

IA2
3. Reaktor Pirolisis (R-1)

Tabel A2. Senyawa Kimia Bio Oil yang Berasal Dari TKKS menurut analisis
GC/MS
Komponen pirolisis tkks
2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro 6,37%
Phenol 15,91%
2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- 4,05%
Phenol, 2-methoxy 5,51%
1,2 Benzenediol 6,75%
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- 7,04%
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 1,75%
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl 10,96%
Butanal, 2-methyl 2,98%
Furfural 13,67%
Furan, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy 2,64%
2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 2,57%
2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl 8,15%
Phenol, 2-methyl 3,48%
Phenol, 4-methyl 4,33%
1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy 1,72%
Dehydroacetic acid 2,11%
100,00%
(Sukiran, 2016)

Diketahui data kandungan gas hasil pirolisis:

Tabel A7. Komposisi gas hasil pirolisis

Konversi TKKS yang terbentuk pada suhu 500oC

bio oil 49,50% 36710,3442 kg/jam
char 31,50% 23361,1281 kg/jam
gas 19,00% 14090,8392 kg/jam
total 100,00% 74162,3115 kg/jam
(Sukiran, 2016)
6
Bio oil yang terbentuk = 49,50% x F

= 49,50% x 74162,3115 = 36710,3442 kg/jam

Char yang terbentuk = 31,50% x F6

= 31,50% x 74162,3115 = 23361,1281 kg/jam

IA3
Gas yang terbentuk = 19,00% x F6

= 19,00% x 74162,3115 = 14090,8392 kg/jam

Neraca massa komponen di alur 16 menunjukkan alur gas N2 yang diperlukan

sebagai fluidizing gas pada reaktor pirolisis. Rasio Gas Fluidisasi inert terhadap

bahan baku biomassa adalah 5:1 (Patent US7,988,315 B2, 2011).

FN216 = F6 x 5
FN216 = 74162,3115 x 5 = 370811,5577 kg/jam

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Reaktor Pirolisis adalah

F6 + F16 = F7

Neraca massa tiap komponen di jalur 7

➢ FN27 =FN216 = 400.810,8307 kg/jam

1. F2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro7 = 0,0637 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0637 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 2338,4489 kg/jam
2. FPhenol7 = 0,1591 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,1591 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 5840,6158 kg/jam
3. F2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- = 0,0405 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0405 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 1485,6586 kg/jam
4. FPhenol, 2-methoxy = 0,0551 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0551 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 2477,6648 kg/jam
5. F1,2 Benzenedio = 0,0675 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0675 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 2477,6648 kg/jam
6. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- = 0,0704 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0704 x 36710,3442 kg/jam

IA4
 = 2585,7981 kg/jam
7. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- = 0,0175 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0175 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 644,0988 kg/jam
8. FButanoic acid, 3-methyl = 0,1096 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,1096 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 4024,4422 kg/jam
9. FButanal, 2-methyl = 0,0298 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0298 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 1095,4381 kg/jam
10. FFurfural = 0,1397 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,1397 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 5019,3222 kg/jam
11. FFuran, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy = 0,0264 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0264 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 968,4989 kg/jam
12. F2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran = 0,0257 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0257 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 944,9917 kg/jam
13. F2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl = 0,0815 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0815 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 2990,1230 kg/jam
14. FPhenol, 2-methyl = 0,0438 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0438 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 1278,7947 kg/jam
15. FPhenol, 4-methyl = 0,0433 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0433 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 1589,0905 kg/jam
16. F1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy = 0,0172 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0172 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 629,9945 kg/jam

IA5
17. FDehydroacetic acid = 0,0211 x bio oil yang terbentuk
= 0,0211 x 36710,3442 kg/jam
= 775,7394 kg/jam

Arus Keluar
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<6> <16> <7>
TKKS 74162,3115
2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro 2338,4489
Phenol 5840,6158
2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- 1485,6586
Phenol, 2-methoxy 2021,6240
1,2 Benzenediol 2477,6648
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- 2585,7981
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 644,0988
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl 4024,4422
Butanal, 2-methyl 1095,4381
Furfural 5019,3222
Furan, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy 968,4989
2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 944,9917
2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl 2990,1230
Phenol, 2-methyl 1278,7947
Phenol, 4-methyl 1589,0905
1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy 629,9945
Dehydroacetic acid 775,7394
Char 23361,1281
Gas 14090,8392
N2 370811,5577 400810,8307
Subtotal 74162,3115 370811,5577 444973,8692
Total 444973,8692 444973,8692

4. Combuster (CB-1)

Combuster berfungsi untuk menyediakan panas yang akan digunakan untuk

memanaskan reaktor fluidized bed. Suhu keluar dari combuster yang dibutuhkan
untuk memanaskan reaktor tersebut adalah sebesar 500oC.
Diketahui komposisi gas alam:

IA6
 Komponen %mol
CH4 0,90172
C2H6 0,02885
C3H8 0,02023
C4H10 0,00975
C5H12 0,00614
N2 0,0005
CO2 0,03281

Dari Trial yang dilakukan diperoleh jumlah gas alam yang digunakan untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan panas di reaktor adalah sebesar 191,1251 kmol/jam.

Komposisi n (kmol/jam) massa (kg/jam)

CH4 172,3413 2757,4611
C2H6 5,5140 165,4188
C3H8 3,8665 170,1243
C4H10 1,8635 108,0812
C5H12 1,1735 84,4926
N2 0,0956 2,6758
CO2 6,2708 275,9158

Diketahui data komponen udara

Komponen Udara Fraksi Mol
N2 0,79
O2 0,21

Reaksi pembakaran di dalam combuster

1) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2 O
2) C2 H6 + 7/2O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2 O
3) C3 H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2 O
4) C4 H10 + 13/2O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2 O
5) C5 H12 + 8O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2 O

IA7
➢ Reaksi 1:
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
In 172,3413 413,6191 - -
Reaksi 172,3413 344,6826 172,3413 344,6826
out 0,00 68,9365 172,3413 344,6826

O2 teoritis = 344,6826
O2 dalam excess air = 344,6826 x 1,2
= 413,6191 kmol/jam
= 13235,8131 kg/jam
N2 dalam excess air = (0,79/0,21) x 413,6191
= 1555,9959 kmol/jam
= 43567,8848 kg/jam
Sisa Reaksi 1
CO2 = 172,3413 kmol/jam
= 7583,0179 kg/jam
H2O = 344,6826 kmol/jam
= 6204,2874 kg/jam
O2 = 68,9365 kmol/jam
= 2205,9689 kg/jam

➢ Reaksi 2 :
C 2 H6 + 3,5 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O
In 5,5140 23,1586 - -
Reaksi 5,5140 19,2989 11,0279 16,5419
out 0 3,8598 11,0279 16,5419

O2 teoritis = 19,2989
O2 dalam excess air = 19,2989 x 1,2

IA8
 = 23,1586 kmol/jam
= 741,0761 kg/jam
N2 dalam excess air = (0,79/0,21) x 23,1586
= 87,1205 kmol/jam
= 2439,3754 kg/jam
Sisa Reaksi 2
CO2 = 11,0279 kmol/jam
= 485,2284 kg/jam
H2O = 16,5419 kmol/jam
= 297,7538 kg/jam
O2 = 3,8598 kmol/jam
= 123,5127 kg/jam

➢ Reaksi 3
C3H8 + 5O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
In 3,8665 23,1988 - -
Reaksi 3,8665 19,3323 11,5994 15,4658

out 0 3,8665 11,5994 15,4658

O2 teoritis = 19.,323

O2 dalam excess air = 19,3323 x 1,20

= 23,1988 kmol/jam
= 742,3604 kg/jam
N2 dalam excess air = (0,79/0,21) x 23,1988
= 87,2715 kmol/jam
= 2443,6031 kg/jam
Sisa Reaksi 3
CO2 = 11,5994 kmol/jam
= 510,3728 kg/jam

IA9
H2O = 15,4658 kmol/jam
= 278,3852 kg/jam
O2 = 3,8665 kmol/jam
= 123,7267 kg/jam

➢ Reaksi 4
C4H10 + 6,5 O2 4 CO2 + 5 H2O
In 1,8635 14,5351 - -
Reaksi 1,8635 12,1126 7,4539 9,3173

out 0 2,4225 7,4539 9,3173

O2 teoritis = 12,1126

O2 dalam excess air = 12,1126 x 1,2

= 14,5351 kmol/jam

= 465,1220 kg/jam
N2 dalam excess air = (0,79/0,21) x 14,5351
= 54,6795 kmol/jam

= 1531,0266 kg/jam
Sisa Reaksi 4
CO2 = 7,4539 kmol/jam

= 327,9707 kg/jam

H2O = 9,3173 kmol/jam

= 167,7123 kg/jam

O2 = 2,4225 kmol/jam

= 77,5203 kg/jam

IA10
 ➢ Reaksi 5
C5H12 + 8 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O
In 1,1735 11,2657 - -
Reaksi 1,1735 9,3881 5,8675 7,0410

out 0,00 1,8776 5,8675 7,0410

O2 teoritis = 9,3881

O2 dalam excess air = 9,3881 x 1,20

= 11,2657 kmol/jam

= 360,5017 kg/jam
N2 dalam excess air = (0,79/0,21) x 11,2657
= 42,3804 kmol/jam

= 1186,6513 kg/jam
Sisa Reaksi 5
CO2 = 5,8675 kmol/jam
= 258,1718 kg/jam
H2O = 7,0410 kmol/jam
= 126,7389 kg/jam
O2 = 1,8776 kmol/jam
= 60,0836 kg/jam

Dari perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh neraca massa combuster sebagai
berikut:

Arus Keluar
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<17> <18> <19>
CH4 2,757.4611 0.0000 0.0000
C2H6 165.4188 0.0000 0.0000
C3H8 170.1243 0.0000 0.0000

IA11
 C4H10 108.0812 0.0000 0.0000
C5H12 84.4926 0.0000 0.0000
O2 0.0000 15,544.8733 2,590.8122
H2 O 0.0000 0.0000 7,074.8775
N2 2.6758 51,168.5413 51,171.2171
CO2 275.9158 0.0000 9,440.6774
Sub total 3,564.1695 66,713.4146 70,277.5841
Total 178,8014 70,277.5841

5. Cyclone 1 (CL-1)

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Cyclone adalah

F7 = F8 + F9

Pemisah siklon dapat dirancang untuk mengumpulkan 95% partikel 5 µm,

tetapi biasanya hanya partikel yang lebih besar dari 50 µm yang perlu dihilangkan

(Walas, 1988). Sehingga efisiensi alat Cyclone adalah 95%.

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 8:

1. F2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro7 = 1,00 x F7

= 1,00 x 2338.4489 kg/jam
= 2338.4489 kg/jam
2. FPhenol7 = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 5840.6158 kg/jam
= 5840.6158 kg/jam
3. F2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 1485.6586 kg/jam
= 1485.6586 kg/jam
4. FPhenol, 2-methoxy = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 2021.6240 kg/jam
= 2021.6240 kg/jam
5. F1,2 Benzenediol = 1,00 x F7

IA12
 = 1,00 x 2477.6648 kg/jam
= 2477.6648 kg/jam
6. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 2585.7981 kg/jam
= 2585.7981 kg/jam
7. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 644.0988 kg/jam
= 644.0988 kg/jam
8. FButanoic acid, 3-methyl = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 4024.4422 kg/jam
= 4024.4422 kg/jam
9. FButanal, 2-methyl = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 1095.4381 kg/jam
= 1095.4381 kg/jam
10. FFurfural = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 5019.3222 kg/jam
= 5019.3222 kg/jam
11. FFuran, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 968.4989 kg/jam
= 968.4989 kg/jam
12. F2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 944.9917 kg/jam
= 944.9917 kg/jam
13. F2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 2990.1230 kg/jam
= 2990.1230 kg/jam
14. FPhenol, 2-methyl = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 1278.7947 kg/jam
= 1278.7947 kg/jam
15. FPhenol, 4-methyl = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 1589.0905 kg/jam

IA13
 = 1589.0905 kg/jam
16. F1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 629.9945 kg/jam
= 629.9945 kg/jam
17. FDehydroacetic acid = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 775.7394 kg/jam
= 775.7394 kg/jam
18. FChar = 0,05 x F7
= 0,05 x 23361.1281 kg/jam
= 1168.0564 kg/jam
19. FGas = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 14090.8392 kg/jam
= 14090.8392 kg/jam
20. FN2 = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 370811.5577 kg/jam
= 370811.5577 kg/jam
Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 9:

FChar = 0,95 x F7
= 0,95 x 23361.1281 kg/jam
= 22193.0717 kg/jam
Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<7> <8> <9>
2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro 2338.4489 2338.4489
Phenol 5840.6158 5840.6158
2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- 1485.6586 1485.6586
Phenol, 2-methoxy 2021.6240 2021.6240
1,2 Benzenediol 2477.6648 2477.6648
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- 2585.7981 2585.7981
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 644.0988 644.0988

IA14
 Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<7> <8> <9>
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl 4024.4422 4024.4422
Butanal, 2-methyl 1095.4381 1095.4381
Furfural 5019.3222 5019.3222
Furan, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy 968.4989 968.4989
2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 944.9917 944.9917
2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl 2990.1230 2990.1230
Phenol, 2-methyl 1278.7947 1278.7947
Phenol, 4-methyl 1589.0905 1589.0905
1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy 629.9945 629.9945
Dehydroacetic acid 775.7394 775.7394
Char 23361.1281 1168.0564 22193.0717
Gas 14090.8392 14090.8392
N2 370811.5577 370811.5577
Subtotal 444973.8692 422780.7975 22193.0717
Total 444973.8692 444973.8692

6. Cyclone 2 (CL-2)

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Cyclone adalah

F8 = F10 + F11

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 10:

1. F2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro7 = 1,00 x F7

= 1,00 x 2338.4489 kg/jam
= 2338.4489 kg/jam
2. FPhenol7 = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 5840.6158 kg/jam
= 5840.6158 kg/jam

IA15
3. F2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 1485.6586 kg/jam
= 1485.6586 kg/jam
4. FPhenol, 2-methoxy = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 2021.6240 kg/jam
= 2021.6240 kg/jam
5. F1,2 Benzenediol = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 2477.6648 kg/jam
= 2477.6648 kg/jam
6. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 2585.7981 kg/jam
= 2585.7981 kg/jam
7. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 644.0988 kg/jam
= 644.0988 kg/jam
8. FButanoic acid, 3-methyl = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 4024.4422 kg/jam
= 4024.4422 kg/jam
9. FButanal, 2-methyl = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 1095.4381 kg/jam
= 1095.4381 kg/jam
10. FFurfural = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 5019.3222 kg/jam
= 5019.3222 kg/jam
11. FFuran, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 968.4989 kg/jam
= 968.4989 kg/jam
12. F2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran = 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 944.9917 kg/jam
= 944.9917 kg/jam
13. F2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl = 1,00 x F7

IA16

14. FPhenol, 2-methyl
15. FPhenol, 4-methyl
16. F1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy
17. FDehydroacetic acid
18. FChar
21. FGas
22. FN2
Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 11:
= 1,00 x 2990.1230 kg/jam
= 2990.1230 kg/jam
= 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 1278.7947 kg/jam
= 1278.7947 kg/jam
= 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 1589.0905 kg/jam
= 1589.0905 kg/jam
= 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 629.9945 kg/jam
= 629.9945 kg/jam
= 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 775.7394 kg/jam
= 775.7394 kg/jam
= 0,05 x F8
= 0,05 x 1168.0564 kg/jam
= 58.4028 kg/jam
= 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 14090.8392 kg/jam
= 14090.8392 kg/jam
= 1,00 x F7
= 1,00 x 370811.5577 kg/jam
= 370811.5577 kg/jam

FChar = 0,95 x F8
= 0,95 x 1168.0564 kg/jam
= 1109.6536 kg/jam

IA17
 Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<8> <10/12> <11>
2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro 2338.4489 2338.4489
Phenol 5840.6158 5840.6158
2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- 1485.6586 1485.6586
Phenol, 2-methoxy 2021.6240 2021.6240
1,2 Benzenediol 2477.6648 2477.6648
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- 2585.7981 2585.7981
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 644.0988 644.0988
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl 4024.4422 4024.4422
Butanal, 2-methyl 1095.4381 1095.4381
Furfural 5019.3222 5019.3222
Furan, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy 968.4989 968.4989
2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 944.9917 944.9917
2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl 2990.1230 2990.1230
Phenol, 2-methyl 1278.7947 1278.7947
Phenol, 4-methyl 1589.0905 1589.0905
1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy 629.9945 629.9945
Dehydroacetic acid 775.7394 775.7394
Char 1168.0564 58.4028 1109.6536
Gas 14090.8392 14090.8392
N2 370811.5577 370811.5577
Subtotal 422780.7975 421671.1439 1109.6536
Total 422780.7975 422780.7975

7. Knock Out Drum (KOD-1)

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Knock Out Drum adalah

F10 = F13 + F14

IA18
 Knock Out Drum yang dilengkapai dengan Wire Mesh Pad Deentrainers pada

tipe standar memiliki efisiensi 99,5% (Walas, 1988).

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 13:

1. F2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro = 0,005 x F10

= 0,005 x 2338.4489 kg/jam
= 11.6922 kg/jam
2. FPhenol = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 5840.6158 kg/jam
= 29.2031 kg/jam
3. F2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 1485.6586 kg/jam
= 7.4283 kg/jam
4. FPhenol, 2-methoxy = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 2021.6240 kg/jam
= 10.1081 kg/jam
5. F1,2 Benzenediol = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 2477.6648 kg/jam
= 12.3883 kg/jam
6. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 2585.7981 kg/jam
= 12.9290 kg/jam
7. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 644.0988 kg/jam
= 3.2205 kg/jam
8. FButanoic acid, 3-methyl = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 4024.4422 kg/jam
= 20.1222 kg/jam
9. FButanal, 2-methyl = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 1095.4381 kg/jam
= 5.4772 kg/jam

IA19
10. FFurfural = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 5019.3222 kg/jam
= 25.0966 kg/jam
11. FFuran, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 968.4989 kg/jam
= 4.8425 kg/jam
12. F2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 944.9917 kg/jam
= 4.7250 kg/jam
13. F2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 2990.1230 kg/jam
= 14.9506 kg/jam
14. FPhenol, 2-methyl = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 1278.7947 kg/jam
= 6.3940 kg/jam
15. FPhenol, 4-methyl = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 1589.0905 kg/jam
= 7.9455 kg/jam
16. F1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 629.9945 kg/jam
= 3.1500 kg/jam
17. FDehydroacetic acid = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 775.7394 kg/jam
= 3.8787 kg/jam
18. FChar = 0,005 x F10
= 0,005 x 58.4028 kg/jam
= 0.2920 kg/jam
19. FGas = 1,00 x F10
= 1,00 x 14090.8392 kg/jam
= 14090.8392 kg/jam
20. FN2 = 1,00 x F10

IA20
 = 1,00 x 370811.5577 kg/jam
= 370811.5577 kg/jam
Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 14:

1. F2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro = 0,995 x F10

= 0,995 x 2338.4489 kg/jam
= 2326.7567 kg/jam
2. FPhenol = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 5840.6158 kg/jam
= 5811.4127 kg/jam
3. F2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 1485.6586 kg/jam
= 1478.2303 kg/jam
4. FPhenol, 2-methoxy = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 2021.6240 kg/jam
= 2011.5159 kg/jam
5. F1,2 Benzenediol = 0,995 x F10
= 0,005 x 2477.6648 kg/jam
= 2465.2764 kg/jam
6. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- = 0,995 x F10
= 0,005 x 2585.7981 kg/jam
= 2572.8692 kg/jam
7. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 644.0988 kg/jam
= 640.8783 kg/jam
8. FButanoic acid, 3-methyl = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 4024.4422 kg/jam
= 4004.3200 kg/jam
9. FButanal, 2-methyl = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 1095.4381 kg/jam
= 1089.9609 kg/jam
10. FFurfural = 0,995 x F10

IA21
 = 0,995 x 5019.3222 kg/jam
= 4994.2256 kg/jam
11. FFuran, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 968.4989 kg/jam
= 963.6564 kg/jam
12. F2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 944.9917 kg/jam
= 940.2667 kg/jam
13. F2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 2990.1230 kg/jam
= 2975.1723 kg/jam
14. FPhenol, 2-methyl = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 1278.7947 kg/jam
= 1272.4007 kg/jam
15. FPhenol, 4-methyl = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 1589.0905 kg/jam
= 1581.1450 kg/jam
16. F1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 629.9945 kg/jam
= 626.8445 kg/jam
17. FDehydroacetic acid = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 775.7394 kg/jam
= 771.8607 kg/jam
18. FChar = 0,995 x F10
= 0,995 x 58.4028 kg/jam
= 58.1108 kg/jam

IA22
 Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<10/12> <13> <14>
2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro 2338.4489 11.6922 2326.7567
Phenol 5840.6158 29.2031 5811.4127
2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- 1485.6586 7.4283 1478.2303
Phenol, 2-methoxy 2021.6240 10.1081 2011.5159
1,2 Benzenediol 2477.6648 12.3883 2465.2764
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- 2585.7981 12.9290 2572.8692
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 644.0988 3.2205 640.8783
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl 4024.4422 20.1222 4004.3200
Butanal, 2-methyl 1095.4381 5.4772 1089.9609
Furfural 5019.3222 25.0966 4994.2256
Furan, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy 968.4989 4.8425 963.6564
2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 944.9917 4.7250 940.2667
2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl 2990.1230 14.9506 2975.1723
Phenol, 2-methyl 1278.7947 6.3940 1272.4007
Phenol, 4-methyl 1589.0905 7.9455 1581.1450
1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy 629.9945 3.1500 626.8445
Dehydroacetic acid 775.7394 3.8787 771.8607
Char 58.4028 0.2920 58.1108
Gas 14090.8392 14090.8392
N2 370811.5577 370811.5577
Subtotal 421671.1439 385086.2406 36584.9033
Total 421671.1439 421671.1439

8. Mixer NaOH (M-1)

Tangki pengenceran NaOH berfungsi untuk melarutkan padatan NaOH

konsentrasi 99% menjadi larutan NaOH 10% yang nantinya akan bereaksi dengan

IA23
fenol untuk membentuk senyawa natrium fenoksida (C6H5ONa). Perbandingan

antara bio oil dan NaOH 10% adalah 1:4 (perbandingan volume). Massa bio oil

pada arus 14 keluaran KOD adalah 39.544,6829 kg/jam.

FBio Oil = 36584.9033 kg/jam , ρBio Oil = 0,95 kg/L

𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑜 𝑂𝑖𝑙 36584.9033 kg/jam
VBio Oil = = = 38510.4245 L/jam
𝜌 0,95 kg/L

VNaOH NaOH 10% = 4 x VBio Oil = 154041.6981 L/jam

FNaOH 10% = VNaOH 10% x ρNaOH, ρNaOH = 1,11 kg/L
= 154041.6981 L/jam x 1,11 kg/L = 170986.2849 kg/jam
Rumus pelarutan:

FNaOH 99% x 99% = FNaOH 10% x 10%

kg
FNaOH 10% x 10% 170986.2849 𝑥 10%
jam
FNaOH 99% = =
99% 99%

= 17271.3419 kg/jam
Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Mixer NaOH adalah

F20 + air = F21

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 20:

FNaOH = FNaOH 99% x 99% = 17271.3419 kg/jam x 99% = 17098.6285 kg/jam

FH2O = FNaOH 99% x 1% = 17271.3419 kg/jam x 1% = 172.7134 kg/jam
Air yang ditambahkan = FNaOH 10% - FNaOH 99%
= 170986.2849 kg/jam - 17098.6285 kg/jam
= 153887.6564 kg/jam

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<20> <Air> <21>
NaOH 17098.6285 17098.6285
H2O 172.7134 153714.9430 153887.6564
Subtotal 17271.3419 153714.9430 170986.2849
Total 170986.2849 170986.2849

IA24
9. Reaktor I (R-2)

Pada Reaktor 1, terjadi reaksi antara fenol dan NaOH membentuk natrium
fenoksida. Fenol dan NaOH akan bereaksi membentuk natrium fenoksida dan air
sementara bio oil akan larut dengan ethyl ether. Perbandingan volume antara bio
oil, NaOH, dan diethyl ether adalah 1:4:2 (Shah, 2017). Berikut persamaan reaksi
fenol dan NaOH membentuk natrium fenoksida dan air.

C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O

In 61.7513 4276.7955 - -
Reaksi 60.3742 60.3742 60.3742 60.3742

out 1,4885 4216.4213 60.3742 60.3742

➢ In
C6H5OH = F14/15 / BM fenol
= 5811.4127 kg/jam / 94,11 kg/kmol
= 61.7513 kmol/jam
NaOH = F21 / BM NaOH
= 170986.2849 kg/jam / 39,98 kg/kmol
= 4276.7955 kmol/jam
➢ Reaksi
C6H5OH = C6H5OHin x 97,77%
= 60.3742 kmol/jam
NaOH = 60.3742 kmol/jam
➢ Out
C6H5OH(sisa) = (In-Reaksi) x BM fenol
= (61.7513 - 60.3742) x 94,11 kg/kmol
= 1.3771 kmol/jam x 94,11 kg/kmol
= 129.5945 kg/jam
NaOH(sisa) = (In-Reaksi) x BM NaOH

IA25
 = (4276.7955 - 60.3742) x 39,98 kg/kmol
= 4216.4213 kmol/jam x 39,98 kg/kmol
= 168572.5234 kg/jam
C6H5ONa = 60.3742 kmol/jam x BM C6H5ONa
= 60.3742 kmol/jam x 116,09 kg/kmol
= 7008.8436 kg/jam
H2 O = 60.3742 kmol/jam x BM H2O
= 60.3742 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol
= 1086.7360 kg/jam
Persamaan neraca massa pada reaktor 1:
F14/15 +F23+F21’ = F22
Terlebih dahulu, bio oil dilarutkan menggunakan ethyl ether pada alur 23:
Rasio volum bio oil: ethyl eter = 1: 2
= 1: (2 x densitas ethyl eter)
= 1: 1,4268

FEthyl ether 16 = F14 x 1,4268

= 52199.3400 kg/jam
Aliran larutan NaOH masuk ke dalam tangki (alur 20)

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 22:

1. C6H5OH = (In-Reaksi) x BM fenol

= 129.5945 kg/jam
2. NaOH = (In-Reaksi) x BM NaOH x 10%
= 168572.5234 kg/jam
3. C6H5ONa = 65,2586 kmol/jam x BM C6H5ONa
= 7008.8436 kg/jam
4. H2O Hasil Reaksi = 65,2586 kmol/jam x BM H2O
= 1086.7360 kg/jam
5. H2O dari NaOH 10% = NaOH sisa reaksi - NaOH 10% di jalur 22
= 168572.5234 - 16857.2523
= 151715.2711 kg/jam

IA26
 6. Ethyl Eter = FEthyl ether 16
= 52199.3400 kg/jam
Aliran tiap komponen bio oil selain fenol dan char tidak mengalami perubahan
massa.
Arus
Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar
Komponen
(kg/jam)
<14/15> <23> <F21'> <22>
2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro 2326.7567 2326.7567
Phenol 5811.4127 129.5945
2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- 1478.2303 1478.2303
Phenol, 2-methoxy 2011.5159 2011.5159
1,2 Benzenediol 2465.2764 2465.2764
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- 2572.8692 2572.8692
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 640.8783 640.8783
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl 4004.3200 4004.3200
Butanal, 2-methyl 1089.9609 1089.9609
Furfural 4994.2256 4994.2256
Furan, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy 963.6564 963.6564
2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 940.2667 940.2667
2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl 2975.1723 2975.1723
Phenol, 2-methyl 1272.4007 1272.4007
Phenol, 4-methyl 1581.1450 1581.1450
1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy 626.8445 626.8445
Dehydroacetic acid 771.8607 771.8607
Char 58.1108 58.1108
NaOH 17098.6285 16857.2523
H2O dari NaOH 10% 153887.6564 151715.2711
H2O Reaksi 1086.7360
Etil Eter 52199.3400 52199.3400

IA27
 Arus
Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar
Komponen
(kg/jam)
<14/15> <23> <F21'> <22>
Sodium penoxide 7008.8436
Subtotal 36584.9033 52199.3400 170986.2849 259770.5282
Total 259770.5282 259770.5282

10. Dekanter I (DC-1)

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Dekanter I adalah

F22 = F23 + F24

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 23:

1. F2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro = 1.0000 x F22

= 1.0000 x 2338.4489 kg/jam
= 2326.7567 kg/jam
2. FPhenol = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 5840.6158 kg/jam
= 5811.4127 kg/jam
3. F2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 1485.6586 kg/jam
= 1478.2303 kg/jam
4. FPhenol, 2-methoxy = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 2021.6240 kg/jam
= 2011.5159 kg/jam
5. F1,2 Benzenediol = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 2477.6648 kg/jam
= 2465.2764 kg/jam
6. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 2585.7981 kg/jam

IA28
 = 2572.8692 kg/jam
7. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 644.0988 kg/jam
= 640.8783 kg/jam
8. FButanoic acid, 3-methyl = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 4024.4422 kg/jam
= 4004.3200 kg/jam
9. FButanal, 2-methyl = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 1095.4381 kg/jam
= 1089.9609 kg/jam
10. FFurfural = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 5019.3222 kg/jam
= 4994.2256 kg/jam
11. FFuran, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 968.4989 kg/jam
= 963.6564 kg/jam
12. F2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran = 1.0000 x F22
= 0,995 x 944.9917 kg/jam
= 940.2667 kg/jam
13. F2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 2990.1230 kg/jam
= 2975.1723 kg/jam
14. FPhenol, 2-methyl = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 1278.7947 kg/jam
= 1272.4007 kg/jam
15. FPhenol, 4-methyl = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 1589.0905 kg/jam
= 1581.1450 kg/jam
16. F1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 629.9945 kg/jam
= 626.8445 kg/jam

IA29
17. FDehydroacetic acid = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 775.7394 kg/jam
= 771.8607 kg/jam
18. FChar = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 58.4028 kg/jam
= 58.1108 kg/jam
19. FEtil Eter = 1.0000 x F22
= 1.0000 x 52199.3400 kg/jam
= 52199.3400 kg/jam

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 23:

1. FNaOH = 1,00 x F22

= 1,00 x 16857.2523 kg/jam
= 16857.2523 kg/jam
2. FH2O dari NaOH 10% = 1,00 x F22
= 1,00 x 151715.2711 kg/jam
= 151715.2711 kg/jam
3. FH2O dari reaksi pembentukan C6H5ONa = 1,00 x F22
= 1,00 x 1086.7360 kg/jam
= 1086.7360 kg/jam
4. FSodium penoxide = 1,00 x F22
= 1,00 x 7008.8436 kg/jam
= 7008.8436 kg/jam
Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<F22> <F23> <F24>
2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro 2326.7567 2326.7567
Phenol 129.5945 129.5945
2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- 1478.2303 1478.2303
Phenol, 2-methoxy 2011.5159 2011.5159
1,2 Benzenediol 2465.2764 2465.2764

IA30
 Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<F22> <F23> <F24>
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- 2572.8692 2572.8692
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 640.8783 640.8783
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl 4004.3200 4004.3200
Butanal, 2-methyl 1089.9609 1089.9609
Furfural 4994.2256 4994.2256
Furan, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy 963.6564 963.6564
2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 940.2667 940.2667
2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl 2975.1723 2975.1723
Phenol, 2-methyl 1272.4007 1272.4007
Phenol, 4-methyl 1581.1450 1581.1450
1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy 626.8445 626.8445
Dehydroacetic acid 771.8607 771.8607
Char 58.1108 58.1108
NaOH 16857.2523 16857.2523
H2O dari NaOH 10% 151715.2711 151715.2711
H2O dari Reaksi Pembentukan C6H5ONa 1086.7360 1086.7360
Etil Eter 52199.3400 52199.3400
Sodium penoxide 7008.8436 7008.8436
Subtotal 259770.5282 83102.4251 176668.1030
Total 259770.5282 259770.5282

11. Knock Out Drum (KOD-2)

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Knock Out Drum adalah

F23 = F27 + F28

Knock Out Drum yang dilengkapai dengan Wire Mesh Pad Deentrainers pada

tipe standar memiliki efisiensi 99,5% (Walas, 1988).

IA31
Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 27:

1. F2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro = 0,005 x F23

= 0,005 x 2326.7567 kg/jam
= 11.6338 kg/jam
2. FPhenol = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 129.5945 kg/jam
= 0.6480 kg/jam
3. F2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 1478.2303 kg/jam
= 7.3912 kg/jam
4. FPhenol, 2-methoxy = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 2011.5159 kg/jam
= 10.0576 kg/jam
5. F1,2 Benzenediol = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 2465.2764 kg/jam
= 12.3264 kg/jam
6. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 2572.8692 kg/jam
= 12.8643 kg/jam
7. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 640.8783 kg/jam
= 3.2044 kg/jam
8. FButanoic acid, 3-methyl = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 4004.3200 kg/jam
= 20.0216 kg/jam
9. FButanal, 2-methyl = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 1089.9609 kg/jam
= 5.4498 kg/jam
10. FFurfural = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 4994.2256 kg/jam
= 24.9711 kg/jam

IA32
11. FFuran, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 963.6564 kg/jam
= 4.8183 kg/jam
12. F2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 940.2667 kg/jam
= 4.7013 kg/jam
13. F2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 2975.1723 kg/jam
= 14.8759 kg/jam
14. FPhenol, 2-methyl = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 1272.4007 kg/jam
= 6.3620 kg/jam
15. FPhenol, 4-methyl = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 1581.1450 kg/jam
= 7.9057 kg/jam
16. F1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 626.8445 kg/jam
= 3.1342 kg/jam
17. FDehydroacetic acid = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 771.8607 kg/jam
= 3.8593 kg/jam
18. FChar = 0,005 x F23
= 0,005 x 58.1108 kg/jam
= 0.2906 kg/jam
19. FEtil Eter = 1,00 x F23
= 1,00 x 52199.3400 kg/jam
= 52199.3400 kg/jam
Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 28:

1. F2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro = 0,995 x F23

= 0,995 x 2326.7567 kg/jam
= 2315.1229 kg/jam

IA33
2. FPhenol = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 129.5945 kg/jam
= 128.9465 kg/jam
3. F2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 1478.2303 kg/jam
= 1470.8391 kg/jam
4. FPhenol, 2-methoxy = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 2011.5159 kg/jam
= 2001.4583 kg/jam
5. F1,2 Benzenediol = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 2465.2764 kg/jam
= 2452.9501 kg/jam
6. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 2572.8692 kg/jam
= 2560.0048 kg/jam
7. FPhenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 640.8783 kg/jam
= 637.6739 kg/jam
8. FButanoic acid, 3-methyl = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 4004.3200 kg/jam
= 3984.2984 kg/jam
9. FButanal, 2-methyl = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 1089.9609 kg/jam
= 1084.5111 kg/jam
10. FFurfural = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 4994.2256 kg/jam
= 4969.2544 kg/jam
11. FFuran, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy = 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 963.6564 kg/jam
= 958.8382 kg/jam
12. F2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran = 0,995 x F23

IA34

13. F2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl
14. FPhenol, 2-methyl
15. FPhenol, 4-methyl
16. F1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy
17. FDehydroacetic acid
18. FChar
= 0,995 x 940.2667 kg/jam
= 935.5654 kg/jam
= 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 2975.1723 kg/jam
= 2960.2965 kg/jam
= 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 1272.4007 kg/jam
= 1266.0387 kg/jam
= 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 1581.1450 kg/jam
= 1573.2393 kg/jam
= 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 626.8445 kg/jam
= 623.7103 kg/jam
= 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 771.8607 kg/jam
= 768.0014 kg/jam
= 0,995 x F23
= 0,995 x 58.1108 kg/jam
= 57.8203 kg/jam

Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
F23/26 F27 F28
2H-Pyran, 3,4-Dihydro 2326.7567 11.6338 2315.1229
Phenol 129.5945 0.6480 128.9465
2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Hydroxy- 1478.2303 7.3912 1470.8391
Phenol, 2-methoxy 2011.5159 10.0576 2001.4583
1,2 Benzenediol 2465.2764 12.3264 2452.9501
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- 2572.8692 12.8643 2560.0048

IA35
 Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
F23/26 F27 F28
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 640.8783 3.2044 637.6739
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl 4004.3200 20.0216 3984.2984
Butanal, 2-methyl 1089.9609 5.4498 1084.5111
Furfural 4994.2256 24.9711 4969.2544
Furan, tetrahydro-2, 5-dimethoxy 963.6564 4.8183 958.8382
2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 940.2667 4.7013 935.5654
2 (3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl 2975.1723 14.8759 2960.2965
Phenol, 2-methyl 1272.4007 6.3620 1266.0387
Phenol, 4-methyl 1581.1450 7.9057 1573.2393
1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy 626.8445 3.1342 623.7103
Dehydroacetic acid 771.8607 3.8593 768.0014
Char 58.1108 0.2906 57.8203
Etil Eter 52199.3400 52199.3400
Subtotal 83102.4251 52353.8554 30748.5697
Total 83102.4251 83102.4251

12. Mixer HCl (M-2)

Tangki pengenceran HCl berfungsi untuk mengencerkan larutan HCl

konsentrasi 37% menjadi larutan HCl 10% yang nantinya akan bereaksi dengan

natrium fenoksida (C6H5ONa) untuk membentuk senyawa fenol (C6H5OH).

Perbandingan antara bio oil dan HCl 10% adalah 1:4 (perbandingan volume).

Massa bio oil pada arus 14 keluaran KOD adalah 36584.9033 kg/jam.

FBio Oil = 36584.9033 kg/jam, ρBio Oil = 0,95 kg/L

𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑜 𝑂𝑖𝑙 36584.9033 kg/jam
VBio Oil = = = 38510.4245 L/jam
𝜌 0,95 kg/L

VHCl 10% = 4 x VBio Oil = 154041.6981 L/jam

IA36
FHcl 10% = VHCl 10% x ρHcl, ρHCl = 1,05 kg/L
= 154041.6981 L/jam x 1,05 kg/L = 161743.7830 kg/jam
Rumus pengenceran:

FHCl 37% x 37% = FHCl 10% x 10%

kg
FHCl10% x 10% 1161743.783 𝑥 10%
jam
FHCl 37% = =
37% 37%

= 43714.5359 kg/jam
Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Mixer HCl adalah

F30 + air = F31

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 30:

FHCl = FHCl 37% x 37% = 43714.5359 kg/jam x 37% = 16174.3783 kg/jam

FH2O = FHCl 37% x 63% = 43714.5359 kg/jam x 63% = 27540.1576 kg/jam
Air yang ditambahkan = FHCl 10% - FHCl 37%
= 161743.7830 kg/jam - 43714.5359 kg/jam
= 118029.2470 kg/jam

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<F30> <Air> <31>
HCl 16174.3783 16174.3783
H2O 27540.1576 118029.2470 145569.4047
Subtotal 43714.5359 118029.2470 161743.7830
Total 161743.7830 161743.7830

13. Reaktor 2 (R-3)

Pada Reaktor 2, terjadi reaksi antara HCl dan natrium fenoksida membentuk
fenol.

Reaksi 1

C6H5ONa + HCl C6H5OH + NaCl

IA37
In 60.3742 4431.3365 - -
Reaksi 60.3742 60.3742 60.3742 60.3742

Out 0,0000 4370.9623 60.3742 60.3742

➢ In
C6H5ONa = F24 / BM C6H5ONa
= 7008.8436 kg/jam / 116,09 kg/kmol
= 60.3742 kmol/jam
HCl = F31 / HCl
= 161743.7830 kg/jam / 36,5 kg/kmol
= 4431.3365 kmol/jam
➢ Reaksi
C6H5OH = C6H5ONain x 1,00
= 60.3742 kmol/jam
HCl = 60.3742 kmol/jam
➢ Out
HCl(sisa) = (In-Reaksi) x BM HCl
= (4431.3365 - 60.3742) x 36,5 kg/kmol
= 4370.9623 kmol/jam x 36,5 kg/kmol
= 159540.1238 kg/jam
C6H5OH = 60.3742 kmol/jam x BM C6H5OH
= 60.3742 kmol/jam x 94,11 kg/kmol
= 5681.8182 kg/jam
NaCl = 60.3742 kmol/jam x BM H2O
= 60.3742 kmol/jam x 58,48 kg/kmol
= 3530.6846 kg/jam

Reaksi samping

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

In 4216.4213 4370.9623 - -
Reaksi 4216.4213 4216.4213 4216.4213 4216.4213

IA38
Out 0,0000 154.5410 4216.4213 4216.4213

➢ In
NaOH = F24 / BM NaOH
= 168572.5234 kg/jam / 39,98 kg/kmol
= 4216.4213 kmol/jam
HCl = Sisa HCl reaksi 1
= 4370.9623 kg/jam
➢ Reaksi
NaOH = NaOHin x 1,00
= 4216.4213 kmol/jam
HCl = 4216.4213 kmol/jam
➢ Out
HCl(sisa) = (In-Reaksi) x BM HCl
= (4370.9623 – 4216.4213) x 36,5 kg/kmol
= 154.5410 kmol/jam x 36,5 kg/kmol
= 5640.7465 kg/jam
NaCl = 4216.4213 kmol/jam x BM NaCl
= 4216.4213 kmol/jam x 58,48 kg/kmol
= 246576.3174 kg/jam
H2 O = 4216.4213 kmol/jam x BM H2O
= 4216.4213 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol
= 75895.5833 kg/jam
Persamaan neraca massa pada reaktor 2:
F24 +F31’= F32
Rasio volum bio oil : HCl = 1: 4

FHCl31’ = (F14 / densitas bio oil) x 4 x densitas HCl

= (36584.9033 kg/jam/0,95 kg/L) x 4 x 1,05 kg/L
= 161743.7830 kg/jam
Aliran larutan NaOH masuk ke dalam tangki (alur 20)

IA39
 Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 32:

1. FH2O dari Reaksi Pembentukan C6H5ONa = F24

= 1086.7360 kg/jam
2. FNaCl = NaCl hasil rx. 1+ rx. samping
= 3530.6846 + 246576.3174 kg/jam
= 250107.0020 kg/jam
3. FHCl = (In-Reaksi) x BM HCl x 10%
= 564.0747 kg/jam
4. FH2O dari HCL 10% = HCl sisa reaksi - HCl 10% di jalur 32
= 5640.7465 – 564.0747 kg/jam
= 5076.6719 kg/jam
5. Ffenol = 60.3742 kmol/jam x BM C6H5OH

= 5681.8182 kg/jam

6. FH2O dari hasil reaksi samping = 4216.4213 kmol/jam x BM H2O

= 75895.5833 kg/jam

Arus Keluar
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<24> <31'> <32>
NaOH 16857.2523
H2O dari NaOH 10% 151715.2711
H2O dari Reaksi Pembentukan C6H5ONa 1086.7360 1086.7360
Sodium penoxide 7008.8436
NaCl 250107.0020
HCl 16174.3783 564.0747
H2O dari HCl 10% 145569.4047 5076.6719
Phenol 5681.8182
H2O dari Reaksi Pembentukan NaCl 75895.5833
Subtotal 176668.1030 161743.7830 338411.8860

IA40
 Arus Keluar
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<24> <31'> <32>
Total 338411.8860 338411.8860

14. Dekanter 2 (DC-2)

Persamaan neraca massa pada unit Dekanter 2 adalah

F32 = F33 + F44

Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 33:

1. FH2O dari reaksi pembentukan C6H5ONa = 1,00 x F32

= 1,00 x 1086.7360 kg/jam
= 1086.7360 kg/jam
2. FH2O dari HCl 10% = 1,00 x F32
= 1,00 x 5076.6719 kg/jam
= 5076.6719 kg/jam
3. Ffenol = 1,00 x F32
= 1,00 x 5681.8182 kg/jam
= 5681.8182 kg/jam
4. FH2O dari reaksi pembentukan NaCl = 1,00 x F32
= 1,00 x 75895.5833 kg/jam
= 75895.5833 kg/jam
Neraca massa tiap komponen di alur 34:

1. FNaCl = 1,00 x F32

= 1,00 x 250107.0020 kg/jam
= 250107.0020 kg/jam
2. FHCl = 1,00 x F32
= 1,00 x 564.0747 kg/jam
= 564.0747 kg/jam

IA41
 Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<32> <33> <34>
H2O dari Reaksi Pembentukan C6H5ONa 1086.7360 1086.7360
NaCl 250107.0020 250107.0020
HCl 564.0747 564.0747
H2O dari HCl 10% 5076.6719 5076.6719
Phenol 5681.8182 5681.8182
H2O dari Reaksi Pembentukan NaCl 75895.5833 75895.5833
Subtotal 338411.8860 87740.8094 250671.0766
Total 338411.8860 338411.8860

15. Evaporator Double Effect (EV-1)

V1 = F – L1 V2 = L1 – L2

<35> <37>
<34> <36>
<33> Evaporator Evaporator
F Effect 1 Effect 2
L1, X1 L2, X2

Evaporator double effect berfungsi untuk menaikan konsentrasi larutan fenol

menjadi 90%, evaporator berkerja dengan 2 tahap. Evaporator efek 1 berfungsi
untuk menaikkan konsentrasi zat terlarut di dalam larutan, dari 6% hingga 12,08%.
Evaporator efek 2 berfungsi untuk menaikkan konsentrasi zat terlarut di dalam
larutan, dari 12,08% hingga 90%.

Kondisi operasi
Temperatur umpan (Tf) = 30oC
Temperature steam masuk di efek 1 (Ts1) = 150oC
Tekanan operasi di efek 2 = 36.0222 kPa

IA42
Menentukan kenaikan titik didih dari pelarut dengan persamaan:
W1 ×1000
BPR (℃)= ( ) × Kb
BM × W2
dengan:
BPR = oC
W1 = massa zat terlarut = kg
W2 = massa pelarut = kg
BM = berat molekul zat terlarut = kg/kmol
Kb = tetapan kenaikan titik didih molal untuk air = 0,51 oC/molal

Dari persamaan tersebut, didapatkan nilai BPR untuk masing-masing efek

BPR1 = 0,305857248 oC
BPR2 = 6,6402 oC
Untuk steam dengan tekanan uap 36.0222 kPa memiliki suhu 73.3598oC (dari steam
table Geankoplis,2003). Suhu evaporator efek 2 adalah:
T2 = 73.3598oC + BPR2
= 73.3598oC + 6,6402 oC
= 80oC
Neraca massa total dari double effect evaporator:
F =L2 + (V1 + V2)
FxF = L2x2
87740.8094 kg/jam x 0,06 = L2 x 0,9
L2 = 6313.1313 kg/jam
Total air yang teruap = (V1 + V2) = 81427.6781 kg/jam
Dengan mengasumsikan jumlah air yang teruapkan di setiap efek sama, V1 = V2 =
40713.8390 kg/jam.
Neraca massa komponen:
F = 87740.8094 = V1 + L1
= 40713.8390 + L1
L1 = 47026.9704 kg/jam

IA43
Menentukan fraksi zat terlarut pada evaporator efek 1:
FxF = L1x1
87740.8094 kg/jam x 0,06 = 50831,53064 kg/jam x x1
x1 = 0.1208
Berdasarkan Tabel 8.3-1 (Geankoplis, 1993), koefisien perpindahan panas
untuk Evaporator tipe Long Tube berkisar antara 200-700 Btu/hr.ft2.oF (1.100-
4.000 W/m2.K). Umumnya nilai koefisien perpindahan panas pada cairan
nonviscous akan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan cairan viscous. Sehingga dipilih:
U1 = 1.135,65 W/m2.oC
U2 = 1.135,65 W/m2.oC
Menentukan ΔT available:
Σ ΔTavailable = Ts1 – T2(saturasi) - (BPR1 + BPR2)
= 150 – 80 – (0,305857248 + 6,6402)
= 63.0539oC
Dengan menggunakan persamaan 8.5-6, dilakukan perhitungan untuk menentukan
nilai ΔT1 dan ΔT2:
1⁄U1
∆T1 = ∑ ∆T
1⁄U1 + 1⁄U2
63.0539( 1⁄1.135,65)
∆T1 = =31.5270℃
1⁄1.135,65 + 1⁄1.135,65
1⁄U2
∆T2 = ∑ ∆T
1⁄U1 + 1⁄U2
63.0539( 1⁄1.135,65)
∆T2 = =31.5270℃
1⁄1.135,65 + 1⁄1.135,65
Menentukan titik didih sebenarnya dari setiap efek:
T1 = Ts1 - ΔT1
= 150 - 31.5270
= 118,47oC
T2 = T1 – BPR1 - ∆T2
= 118,47 – 0,305857248 – 31.5270
= 86,64oC
Ts2 = T1 – BPR1

IA44
 = 118,47 - 0,305857248
= 118,17oC
Menentukan nilai kapasitas panas dari tiap efek
Cp F (kJ/kg.K) = 4,063511537
Cp L2 (kJ/kg.K) = 2,166171443
Cp L1 (kJ/kg.K) = 3,936157413
Menentukan nilai entalpi dari tiap aliran
Efek 1:
H1 = Hs2 + 1.884(BPR1)
H1 = 2703,84 kJ/kg
λs1 = Hs1 - hs1
λs1 = 2113,668 kJ/kg
Efek 2:
H2 = Hs3 + 1.884(BPR2)
H2 = 2655,52 kJ/kg
λs2 = H1 - hs2
λs2 = 2207,84 kJ/kg
Neraca energi di tiap efek:
Efek 1:
FCpF.(TF – Treff) + S λs1 = L1.CpL1.(T1 – Treff) + V1H1
(87740.8094 x 4,06 x (30 – 25)) + (S x 2113,668) = (L1 x 3,94 x (118,47 – 25)) +
((87740.8094 – L1) x 2703,84)
Efek 2:
L1CpL1.(T1 – Treff) + V1λs2 = L2.CpL2.(T2 – Treff) + V2H2
(L1 x 3,94 x (118,47 – 25)) + ((87740.8094 – L1) x 2207,84) =( L2 x 2,17 x (86,64
– 25)) + ((L1 - L2) x 2655,52)
Jika diketahui L2 = 6313.1313 kg/jam, maka didapatkan:
L1 = 39550.3241 kg/jam
V1 = 48190.4853 kg/jam
V2 = 33237.1928 kg/jam
S = 67687.0903 kg/jam

IA45
Neraca Massa Sistem Evaporator Efek 1
Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<33> <34> <35>
Phenol 5681.8182 5681.8182
H2O 82058.9912 33868.5059 48190.4853
Subtotal 87740.8094 39550.3241 48190.4853
Total 87740.8094 87740.8094

Neraca Massa Sistem Evaporator Efek 2

Arus Masuk
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen (kg/jam)
<34> <36> <37>
Phenol 5681.8182 5681.8182
H2O 33868.5059 631.3131 33237.1928
Subtotal 39550.3241 6313.1313 33237.1928
Total 39550.3241 39550.3241

IA46