dan GAKI
• Mengapa mempermasalahkan
“orang pendek”??
HUBUNGAN STUNTING DAN GAKI?
• SPEKTRUM GAKI GAKI berhubungan dgn
PERTUMBUHAN
• TAPI SEJAUH INI PROGRAM GARAM BERIODIUM LEBIH
DITEKANKAN SEBAGAI:
• (1) PENANGGULANGAN GONDOK
• (2) PENCEGAHAN PENURUNAN PERKEMBANGAN
MENTAL & KECERDASAN
• (3) MENURUNKAN MORTALITAS
• KURANG PENEKANAN PADA
PERTUMBUHAN ATAU STUNTING
• JADI APA BENAR GAKI KURANG PENTING
UTK PENANGGULANGAN STUNTING??
1-10% BERAT
5-30%
SEDANG
30-70%
RINGAN
The Evidence
(Mental Development dan GAKI)
• 1. Pharoah P, Buttfield I, Hetzel B. Neurological
damage to the fetus resulting from severe iodine
deficiency during pregnancy. Lancet 1971; 297:
308–10.
• 2. Bleichrodt N, Born MP. A meta-analysis of
research on iodine and its relationship to
cognitive development. In: Stanbury JB, ed. The
damaged brain of iodine deficiency. New York,
NY: Cognizant Communication, 1994: 195–200.
Meta-analysis by Bleichrodt (1994)
(IQ BERGESER 0.9 SD = 13 IQ points)
Average effect size in standard deviation units 50th, 82nd
0.9 SD
Experimental Control
50th 82nd
Bleichrodt N, Born MP. A meta-analysis of research on iodine and its relationship to
cognitive development. In: Stanbury JB, ed. (1994)
PADA IBU HAMIL YANG KEKURANGAN
IODIUM BERAT (UIC<50 ug/l) BERISIKO
MELAHIRKAN BAYI KRETIN
TAPI YANG KEKURANGAN IODIUM TINGKAT “SEDANG” AKAN
12/12/2014 SNW 7
DICARI EVIDENCE LEBIH BARU BAHWA GAKI
MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN
3. Richard D Semba, Saskia de Pee, Sonja Y Hess, Kai Sun,
Mayang Sari, and Martin W Bloem.
“Child malnutrition and mortality among families not utilizing
adequately iodized salt in Indonesia”
(Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:438–44}
HASILNYA:
Pemberian Iodium yg cukup meningkatkan
HORMON Faktor Pertumbuhan
DAN PERTUMBUHAN BADAN
Meta-analysis tentang hubungan antara kecukupan
asupan garam iodium dan pertumbuhan
• 7. Association between household unavailability of iodized salt
and child growth: evidence from 89 demographic and health
surveys1–3
• By Marion Kr€amer,4,9 Roland Kupka,5,6,9 SV Subramanian,7
and Sebastian Vollmer4,8*
• (Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104:1093–100)
• HASILNYA
• Keluarga yang tidak mengonsumsi Garam Beriodium
anak balitanya berisiko:
3% lebih tinggi menderita STUNTED (Pendek)
5% Lebih tinggi menderita Kurag Gizi (under wt)
9% lebih tinggi mengalami BBLR
Masalah Stunting menjadi
inti permasalahan Kurang Gizi
secara Global setelah Lancet
melakukan scientific review ttg
“Maternal & Child Nutrition”
(Series 1 (2008) dan Series 2
(2013)
The 2013 Lancet Series on
Maternal and Child Nutrition
Key findings
13
Series Background
2008 Series
• Identified need to focus on first 1000 days of
life
• Called for greater attention to national nutrition
programmes, integration with health programmes
2008
and inter-sectoral approaches.
2013 Series
• Re-evaluated problems of maternal and child
undernutrition
• Considered growing problem of overweight and
•
obesity
Assessed the current and needed national and
2013
global response since 2008
14
Paper 2
Nutrition Interventions Reviewed
15
Scientific Review LANCET
menginspirasi GERAKAN GLOBAL
AKSELERASI PERBAIKAN GIZI SUN
(SCALING UP NUTRITION)
DI INDONESIA DILAKASANAKAN
“GERAKAN NASIONAL PEERCEPATAN
PERBAIKAN GIZI DALAM RANGKA
SERIBU HARI PERTAMA KEHIDUPAN”
(GERAKAN 1000 HPK)
PRIORITAS 10 INTERVENSI UTAMA PENANGGULANGAN
STUNTING DENGAN CAKUPAN 90%
(Lancet, 2008; Lancet,201)
WUS + BUMIL NEONATAL BAYI + ANAK USIA DINI
1. Suplementasi MULTI 5. Promosi ASI 6. Peingkatan PMBA (Pemberian
MICRO GIZI Makanan Bayi + Anak Usia Dini
2. Supplementasi Calcium 7. Supplementasi Vitamin A Capsules
anak 6-59 bulan
3. IODIUM dari GARAM 8. Supplementasi Zinc tablet
Beriodium
Laporan Penelitian
Rantai Pengadaan “Obat Program
Gizi” Kementerian Kesehatan,
2014-2015
Dilaporkan oleh: Dr. Sunawang
MMN vs TTD
(Multiple Micro Nutrient vs Tablet Tambah Darah)
30 26.7 23.4
20
13.5
10