PERTEMUAN I dan II

PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN
INTRODUCTION
Azka, M.Psi.,Psikolog
 Main Textbook
• Santrock, J. W.
(2011). Life Span
Development. (13th
Ed.). McGraw Hill:
CA.
Definisi Psikologi
• Psikologi bahasa yunani Psyche & Logos
• Psikologi: kajian ilmiah mengenai perilaku dan proses
mental
- science : menggambarkan, memprediksi, dan
menjelaskan perilaku
- behavior : segala sesuatu yang dapat
diobservasi
- Mental Processess :
pemikiran, perasaan, dan motif yang dialami
individu
 Ilmu psikologi mencoba untuk menjelaskan

“Why people think, act, and they feel as they

do”

(Lefrancois, 2006)
Bidang Spesialisasi
Psikologi
• Psikologi fisiologis & • Psikologi Industri &
Neurosains Organisasi
• Psikologi sensasi dan • Psikologi Klinis dan
persepsi Konseling
• Psikologi belajar • Psikologi Kesehatan
• Psikologi kognitif • Psikologi Komunitas
• Psikologi perkembangan • Psikologi Pendidikan
• Motivasi dan Emosi • Psikologi Lingkungan
• Psikologi Kepribadian • Psikologi Forensik
• Psikologi sosial
Psikologi Perkembangan
• Pentingnya Mempelajari Psikologi Perkembangan
Peserta Didik
• Karakteristik perkembangan
What is Development?
Perkembangan adalah POLA PERUBAHAN yang
terjadi TERUS MENERUS SEPANJANG KEHIDUPAN
MANUSIA yang dimulai saat konsepsi dan berlanjut
sampai menjelang kematian. (Santrock,2013)
Psikologi Perkembangan
Studi yang mempelajari PERUBAHAN MANUSIA sejak
masa KONSEPSI sampai MATI, meliputi pengetahuan
tentang APA yang berubah, KAPAN berubah,
BAGAIMANA berubahnya, FAKTOR-FAKTOR yang
berpengaruh terhadap perubahan tersebut
Karakteristik Perspektif
Perkembangan
1. Development is LIFELONG
2. Development MULTI-DIRECTIONAL
3. Development is PLASTIC
4. Development is MULTI-DIMENSIONAL
Karakteristik Perspektif
Perkembangan
5. Development is MULTI-DISCIPLINARY
6. Develoment is CONTEXTUAL

Normative Normative
Non
AGE- HISTORY-
Normative
Graded graded
Life Events
Influence Influences

TIGA SUMBER PENTING PENGARUH

PERKEMBANGAN
7. Development Involves GROWTH, MAINTENANCE,
AND REGULATION OF LOSS
8. Development is a CO-CONSTRUCTION OF BIOLOGY,
CULTURE AND THE INDIVIDUAL
Issues in Developmental
Psychology
Nature
development is influenced most by
biological heredity
ORIGINAL SIN
The most important influence on
development is biological inheritance
genetic blueprints produce
commonalities in growth and
development
acknowledge the influence of extreme
environments on development
Nurture
development is influenced
by environmental experiences
TABULA RASA
Environmental experience are the most
important
Nutrition, medical care, physical
accident, family, peers, schools,
community, media, and culture are
very important
the range of environments can be vast
Issues in Developmental
Psychology
Continuity Discontinuity
Perubahan tjd scr perlahan, Ada tahapan, dimana sblm
gradual, kumulatif sejak konsepsi mencapai tahapan berikut harus
sampai mati menyelesaikan tahap sebelumnya
pertumbuhan dicapai secara Tahapan tsb berbeda nyata dalam
kuantitatif melalui interaksi dengan kualitasnya, Sudah ada blue
lingkungan printnya
ALIRAN NURTURE ALIRAN NATURE

Perkembangan kognitif vygotsky Perkembangan kognitif piaget

Teori-Teori Perkembangan
- Psychoanalytic theories
- Cognitive theories
- Behavioral & social cognitive theories
- Ethological theory
- Ecological theory
- An eclectic theoretical Orientation
Psychoanalytic Theory

• Sigmund Freud (1856-

1939)
• Psychosexual
development
Psychosexual
Development
Psychosocial Development

• Erik Erikson (1902 –

1994)
• Psychosocial Stages
Erikson’s Stages of
Development
Cognitive Theory
• Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
• Cognitive development
Piaget’s Stages of
Development
Cognitive Theory
• Lev Vygotsky (1896 –
1934)
• Sociocultural cognitive
theory
• Robert Siegler
• The Information Processing
Theory
Increasing capacity for
processing information

Picture : http://www.psy.cmu.edu/people/siegler.html
 Behavioral & Social Cognitive
Theories
• B. F. Skinner (1904 – 1990)
• Operant Conditioning
Reward & Punishment

Picture : http://www.skeptically.org/skinner/
• Albert Bandura
• Social Cognitive Theory

Picture : http://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Bandura/bandurabio.html
Resource : https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484/7.+Self-Efficacy+and+Social+Cognitive+Theories
 Ethological Theory

• Konrad Lorenz (1903 – 1989)

• Biology  evolution 
critical/sensitive period

Picture : http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/konrad%20lorenz
 Ecological Theory
• Urie Bronfenbrenner
(1917 – 2005)

Picture: http://www.bctr.cornell.edu/about-us/urie-bronfenbrenner/
Resource : http://lorilynnyoung.edu.glogster.com/urie-bronfenbrenners-human-ecology-theory
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An Eclectic
Theoretical Orientation

• Single theory  mistake

• Select from each theory whatever is
considered its best features

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Research in Life Span Development

- Methods for collecting data

- Research design
- Time span of research
- Conducting ethical research
- Minimizing bias

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 Methods for Collecting
Data

Picture : http://www.elisabethhubert.com/2012/01/the-secret-ingredient-to-experience-innovation /;
http://purduecco.wordpress.com/2012/02/21/what-are-informational-interviews/;
http://kluwerarbitrationblog.com/blog/2012/10/04/anti-arbitration-and-the-survey-says;
http://home-school-coach.com/standardized-testing-pros-cons/;
http://artistshospital.deviantart.com/art/Case-Study-Anatomy-Folds-61031823;
http://www.ipem.ac.uk/careers/whatdoourmembersdo/Pages/PhysiologicalMeasurement.aspx

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 Research Design

Descriptive

Cohort Effect
Research Correlational
Design

Longitudinal

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 Minimizing Bias

• Gender bias
• Cultural & ethnic biases

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DISKUSI
TERIMA KASIH