Pendahuluan
• Organ yang terlibat dalam sistema sirkulasi
(Patologi sistemik)
• Untuk kepentingan diagnostik:
• Patologi klinik vs Patologi umum dan sistemik
» Hewan hidup atau sakit: orang patologi klinik
» Hewan mati:Patologi anatomi dan histopatologi
Patofisiologi Gangguan sirkulasi
• Hemostasis • Thrombosis
• Koagulasi • Ischemia
• Anemia • Infark
• Hiperemia • Emboli
• Kongesti • Perubahan non spesifik:
• Hemorrhagi • Shock, dehidrasi,
• Edema asidosis dan alkalosis
Gangguan sirkulasi
berkaitan dengan diagnostik
pada hewan mati/kadaver
Sampel yang diperiksa adalah
kadaver/jaringan hasil biopsi atau
autopsi
• tujuan fisiologis???
•Umumya bersifat
lokal.
Hiperemi
-Penyebab:
-Fisiologis: mukosa
usus hiperemi saat
aktif mencerna
makanan
-Proses Inflamasi:
pelepasan histamin,
-PA: jaringan
asam laktat dan
berwarna kemerahan
kontrol saraf ke
-HP: timbunan RBC
pembuluh darah
dan sel radang
-
Kongesti(Passive Hyperemia)
hipoproteinemia:
EDEMA
akumulasi cairan abnormal
• Edema nampak jelas HP:aspek merah
pada: muda trasnsparan
• Peradangan, yang homogen
kegagalan jantung, dalam jaringan(HE).
Penyakit ginjal dan
hipoproteinemia berat.
Transudat terwarnai
merah muda.Bj<1,015
Eksudat bj>1,017
Terminology
of edema
• local or generalized • Primary Causes of Edema
condition in which the • 1. Increased permeability
body tissues contain an of capillary walls
excessive amount of 2. Increased capillary
tissue fluid. pressure due to venous
obstruction or heart
failure
3. Inflammatory
conditions
4. Fluid & electrolyte
disturbances
From veterinary dictionary
• Anasarca • Hydropericardium
Severe, generalized edema accumulation of fluid in the
• Ascites pericardial sac that surrounds
the heart
is the accumulation of fluid n the
abdomen • Hydrocele
• Hydrothorax edema of the scrotum
edema in the pleural cavity • Pitting Edema
• Pulmonary Edema edema usually of the skin of the
a potentially life-threatening extremities. When pressed
firmly with a finger, the skin
acumulation of fluid in the maintains the depression
lungs. produced by the finger.
• Hyperemia
is increased flow of blood in an
area of the body.
Penimbunan cairan abnormal
• Hidrothorax • kelemahan
pembuluh limfatik
• Hidropericardium pleura akibat
• Hidrocele edema paru
• Ascites • Akibat kegagalan
jantung kiri
• Hipoproteinemia
• Lymphatic
obstruction
Penimbunan cairan abnormal
• Hidrothorax • Aliran limfe
dalam
• Hidroperikardium
myokardium
• Hidrocele terganggu akibat
• Ascites gangguan
vaskuler atau
degenerasi
myokardium
Penimbunan cairan abnormal
• Hidrothorax • Edema pada
scrotum, bisa
• Hidroperikardium
merupakan
• Hidrocele bagian dari
• Ascites edema umum
maupun
peradangan lokal
Penimbunan cairan abnormal
• Hidrothorax • Kongesti yang
kronis
• Hidroperikardium
• Penyakit ginjal
• Hidrocele kronis
• Ascites • Hipoproteinemia
• Tumor dalam
rongga
abdomen.
Ascites
• Dropsy Of The
Abdomen. Ascites.
• Ventral abdomen
membesar, jika
dipalpasi berundulasi
From veterinary dictionary
• Ischemia • Thrombosis
is a deficiency of arterial blood flow the formation of a blood clot
to an organ or tissues (too little • A blood clot is referred to as?
boold flow) Thrombus
• Trombus
is a stationary blood clot and has the
potential to fragment in the
blood stream.
• 4 commom causes of blood clots
1. injuries to blood vessels
2. a reduced rate of blood flow
3. alterations in the composition of
blood
4. certain diseases of the blood
Emboli
• Embolism • Embolus
is the sudden obstruction is a free-floating object in
of a vessel by debris. the bloodstream, such
• What causes an as blood clots,
embolism? cholesterol containing
an embolus plaques, bacteria,
cancer cells, amniotic
fluid, fat from marrow
of broken bones, and
injected substances like
air bubbles.
EMBOLI