Panel 1
Kelompok Tutorial B9/19
Kasus
limfadenopati
4.
penyakit apa saja yang dapat menimbulkan manifestasi
klinis tersebut?
Allergies and irritant Neoplasia or physical
● Allergies and irritants ● lesions
(alcohol, tobacco) ● Benign vocal fold lesions
● Direct trauma (intubation) ● Dysplasia
● Environmental irritants ● Laryngeal papillomatosis
● Infections (upper ● Squamous cell carcinoma
respiratory infection,
fungal laryngitis)
● Laryngopharyngeal or
gastroesophageal reflux
● Medications*
● Vocal abuse
Neuromuscular & Associated systemic
psychiatric diseases
● Age-related vocal atrophy ● Acromegaly
● Multiple sclerosis ● Amyloidosis
● Muscle tension dysphonia ● Hypothyroidism
● Myasthenia gravis ● Inflammatory arthritis
● Nerve injury (vagus or ● Lupus
recurrent laryngeal nerve) ● Sarcoidosis
● Parkinson disease
● Psychogeni
● Spasmodic dysphonia
(laryngeal dystonia)
● Stroke
*Medications That May Cause Hoarseness
Medication Mechanism of impact on voice
1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 1. Cough
2. Antihistamines, diuretics, anticholinergics 2. Drying effect on mucosa
3. Antipsychotics, including atypical 3. Laryngeal dystonia
antipsychotics 4. Chemical laryngitis
4. Bisphosphonates 5. Sex hormone production/utilization
5. Danazol, testosterone alteration
6. Inhaled corticosteroids 6. Dose-dependent mucosal irritation,
7. Warfarin (Coumadin), thrombolytics, candidal or fungal laryngitis
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors 7. Vocal fold hematoma
5.
Bagaimana penegakan diagnosis untuk kelainan laring
dan faring pada kasus ini?
Anamnesis
● Menilai kualitas, nada, dan volume vokal (minta pasien bilang
“aa” dan batuk), upaya bicara, atau tanda-tanda nyeri saat
berbicara atau menelan
Granulasi (+)
Hiperemis
- Voice therapy
- Pelatihan untuk mengurangi trauma laring, bisa bersifat preventif
- Antibiotik
- Untuk laringitis yang disebabkan infeksi bakteri
- Pembedahan
- Untuk keganasan, obstruksi jalan napas, lesi benigna (nodul, polip, kista)
Daftar Pustaka
(Accessed: 8 April 2021).
● House, S. and Fisher, E. (2017). Hoarseness in Adults.
American Family Physician, 96(11), pp. 720-728.
Available at:
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1201/p720.html
(Accessed: 8 April 2021).
● Stachler, R. J. et al. (2018). Clinical Practice Guideline:
Hoarseness (Dysphonia) (Update). Otolaryngology–
Head and Neck Surgery, 158(1_suppl), pp. S1–S42. doi:
10.1177/0194599817751030.
● Mau, Ted. (2010). Diagnostic Evaluation and
Management of Hoarseness. USA: Elseiver Inc.
● Peterson K, Ginglen JG, Desai NM, et al. Direct
Laryngoscopy. [Updated 2021 Jan 31]. In: StatPearls
[Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;
2021 Jan-. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513224/
Daftar Pustaka
Terimakasih !!