Oleh: Pramono,S.ST
Trauma Thoracoabdominal
I. Pendahuluan
Umumnya terlihat setelah kecelakaan lalu lintas.
Sering kali sulit dinilai, karena cedera multi sistem.
Cedera cenderung terjadi akibat tiga mekanisme berikut:
(i) Tekanan intra-abdomen meningkat
(ii) Over Kompresi: Viscera kompresi antara dinding
perut (anterior) dan kolum vertebral / kandang
toraks
posterior. Limpa dan liver
(iii) Kekuatan geser: mengakibatkan cedera pada
Tulang belakang
Pendahuluan
Oss ichium
III. Prosedur Pemeriksaan
c. Pemilihan Protokol
III. Prosedur Pemeriksaan
D. Pemilihan Protokol
B.Pilih Protokol Abd Non MC Dilanjutkan
Abdomen 2 Phase
2
V. Prosedur CT Abdomen Rutin
b. Stadard Protocol
CT Non IV media kontras
CT IV contras Vase EAP
CT LAP (tidak direcomendasikan pada trauma)
kecuali khusus mengevaluasi vaskules liver
CT Vase PVP
CT Vase Delay > 180 detik ( 3/5/ 8,/ s/d 15
menit)
V.Prosedur CT Abdomen Trauma
C. Scan Parameter
Slice Table Rotation IV
Acquisition mAs kV algorithm
Thickness Movement Time contrast
~200-
1
250
Axial Spiral soft tissue 0.75-1.0
1-10 mm 1-10 mm mA 120 NO
pitch = Standar – adult body second
Modula
or fast
tion
~200-
2
250 Arterial
Axial Spiral soft tissue 0.75-1.0
1-10 mm 1-10 mm mA 120 Vase EAP/
pitch = Standar – adult body second
Modula LAP
or fast
tion
~200-
3
250
Axial Spiral soft tissue 0.75-1.0 PVP 70 -80
1-10 mm 1-10 mm mA 120
pitch = Standar – adult body second detik
Modula
or fast
tion
~200-
4
250
Axial Spiral soft tissue 0.75-1.0 delay 8 s/d
1-10 mm 1-10 mm mA 120
pitch = Standar – adult body second 15 menit
Modula
or fast
tion
Abdomen Dua Phase Sure Start/
Trigerring
Abdomen Dua Phase Sure Start/
Trigerring
A. Teknik CT Tanpa media kontras
Diawali dengan minum
MC negatif, bila mungkin
Hanya memperlihatkan
adanya stone
Calcification adenoma
FRAKTUR Tulang2
Perforasi usus/ udara
bebas
Gambaran Bleeding
VI Teknik Pemeriksaan
A. Tahan Nafas
Gambaran adanya Perforasi
Aktiv bleeding tidak terlihat
On the right is an image from the arterial phase of the CT, taken at the same
position – it shows multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (arrows).
B. Teknik IV media kontras
Menempatkan Triger ROI
SURE
Start, 150- 35-40 s
180 HU in
abdominal aorta
Atau 20-25 ROI pada aorta
abdominal HU 150-180
images show a grade V liver injury involving the right and medial
segments of the left lobe of the liver. Lacerations extend into the
region of the inferior vena cava (black curved arrow) and portal
veins. Retroperitoneal active bleeding (white curved arrow) and
hemorrhage (black arrowheads) are seen
V. Phase Contras CT Abdomen
2. Late arterial phase (LAP) /HAP
= Fase arteri akhir
sekitar 35-40 s injeksi kontras IV
Jika menggunakan teknik otomatis bolus tracking, untuk
menghindari EAP, tambahan 8 - sampai 10-s waktu
delay
LAP juga disebut sebagai fase vena portal in flow
karena kontras pada vena portal sudah mulai
meningkatkan selama fase ini.
Sementara hanya ada peningkatan minimal di parenkim
hati.
Pada titik ini, ada perbedaan redaman maksimum
hypervascular antara lesi hati dan parenkim sekitarnya
hati
Gambar LAP CT Abdomen
The second phase
is best for
depicting
hypervascular
metastases
Fg Site : Triple-
phase spiral CT in
a patient with
metastatic
carcinoid tumor
LAP
Gallbladder avulsion following blunt trauma. (A and B) Axial MDCT images show
a liver laceration (arrow) extending into gallbladder fossa with hemoperitoneum
in the gallbladder (white arrowheads)
5.Vase Delay
3. excretory phase
A delay of > 180
seconds , Start
180 s is usually
used for the
pelvic range to
show contrast
media in the
patient’s bladder
5.Equilibrium phase (EQP)/ excretory phase
WINDOWING
4 5 4 5
8 8
12 12
Pelvis Pelvis
Ref
8 9 10. 1.
SAGIT
AL
2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
TRAUMA X X X 10-15
MNT
CONTOH Hypervascular tumors
Arterial phase showing hypervascular : Portal venous
phase showing hypovascular metastasis RIGHT:
equilibrium phase showing relatively dense
cholangiocarcinoma
Dynamic CT shows 12 mm nodular lesion at the neck of gall bladder
with an enhancement pattern parallel to the artery (arrows). (a) Arterial
phase. (b) Balance phase. (c) Portal venous phase.