Terapi Cairan & NutrisiPres
Terapi Cairan & NutrisiPres
Br Med J. 1994;308:945-8.
5
Malnutrisi dan
Konsekuensinya
❖Perubahan pada barier usus
❖Penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus
❖Perubahan fungsi jantung
❖Perubahan farkamokinetik dari obat
lanj...
❖Penurunan berat badan
❖Penyembuhan luka terhambat
❖Gangguan imunitas
❖Perpanjangan lama rawat inap
❖Peningkatan biaya perawatan
❖Peninkatan mortalitas
Many studies have shown that
complications are 2 to 20 times more
frequent in malnourished patients than in
well-nourished patients.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8:514-27
How are Nutrition and
Cancer Related?
• Effects of the cancer itself
• Just by having cancer you have higher nutritional needs
• Effects of treatment
• Side effects of treatment
• These include: nausea, vomiting, taste change, dry mouth, thick saliva,
poor appetite, wasting, diarrhea, constipation
• All nutritional related
ec reas ed
d w i t h d
s sociat e
s was a al”
i g h t l os su rv iv
“We median
Nutritional Assessment
• Komposisi tubuh
• Parameter laboratorium
• Penilaian klinis “Subjective Global
Assessment (SGA)”
10
Nutritional Assessment:
Komposisi Tubuh
❑Berat badan dan tinggi badan
❑BMI = berat badan (kg) / tinggi badan (m)2
❑Tebal triceps atau kulit lengan
❑Lingkar tangan atas
A = Well-nourished.
B = Moderate/suspected
malnutrition.
C = Severe malnutrition.
Jumlah Cairan Tubuh (dalam %BB)
Laki-laki
▪ Air 70 % 60 % 50 %
▪ Lemak 4% 18 % 32 %
Perempuan
▪ Air 60 % 50 % 42 %
▪ Lemak 18 % 32 % 42 %
• Pada anak :
▪ Air : sesuai dengan BB.
• 0 – 10 kg : 100 mL/kgBB.
• 10 – 20 kg : 1000 mL + 50 mL x (BB -10).
• >20 kg : 1500 mL + 20 mL x (BB - 20).
▪ Na+ : 2-4 mmol/kgBB.
▪ K+ : 2-4 mmol/kgBB.
▪ Intravaskuler.
▪ Intraseluler.
▪ Intersisiel.
KOLOID
TERAPI
CAIRAN Rumatan KRISTALOID
INTRAVENA • Hipotonik
• Nutrisi
KRISTALOID
Koreksi • Hipertonik
KOLOID
• Albumin
Isotonik
Mengisi ruang
intersisiel
ECF
ICF ISF
Plasma
3 : 1
Hipotonik
selul
ruan
Men
intra
gisi
→
er
g
ICF >
ECF
ICF ISF
Plasma
40 : 15 : 5
IVF
ICF ISF
Plasma
40 : 15 : 5
Vit &
FAT CHO Protein
mineral
NUTRITION
ENERGY ANABOLISM
LIPIDS
adipose PROTEINS GLYCOGEN
muscle liver storage
tissue
fat stores storage
few
hours
carbohydrate
short term
energy
ENERGY
1 g CHO = 4 Kcal
1 g Lipid = 9 Kcal
1 g Protein = 4 Kcal
Malnutrisi
Ideal Weight
Actual Weight
Obesitas
Ideal Weight
Actual Weight
Kebutuhan Energi
• Harris-Benedict Equation
– Variables
gender, weight (kg), height (cm), age (years)
Men:
66.47 + (13.75 x weight) + (5 x height) – (6.76 x age)
Women:
655.1 + (9.56 x weight) + (1.85 x height) – (4.67 x age)
Energy (Calorie)
Obesity Ideal Underweight
Fluid:
30-40 mL/kgBW/day
20-25 25-30 35-40
Kkal/KgBW Kkal/KgBW Kkal/KgBW
1. August D, et al. Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric
patients. JPEN. 2002;26(1):1SA- 138SA.
2. Galen. Basic in Clinical Nutrition 2004.
3. Singer P, et al. ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: Intensive care. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(4):387-
400.
Kebutuhan Energi
“Rule of Thumb”
RULE OF THUMB
Rekomendasi dari American Society for Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition
(ASPEN, 1993) untuk pemberian karbohidrat dalam keadaan normal adalah
25 – 30 kcal/kgBB/hari
Mineral
Zinc
Sodium
Copper
Potassium Chromium
Chloride Manganese
Selenium
Calcium
Iodine
Phosphorus Iron
Magnesium
Respons Terhadap
Kelaparan dan Stres
NORMAL CATABOLIC
Protein
Fat Protein
Fat
CHO CHO
Respons
35 Stres
• Surgery
• Hypoxemia
• Pneumonia
• Severe infection sepsis
• Trauma
• Burn
• Pain
Flow phase
Recovery Adaptive response
(anabolic phase) Require
J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2002;26(1):1SA-138SA.
nutrition
Respon Metabolik pada Stres
Respon Metabolik pada Stres
Pemilihan Jalur Pemberian
Nutrisi
ANTIBIOTIC RECOVERY
SURGERY
DRUGS
NUTRITION INTERVENTION
Produk Cairan PT Kalbe Farma,
45 Tbk
KALBE NUTRITIONAL
PRODUCTS
KARBOHIDRAT LARUTAN ASAM AMINO EMULSI LEMAK DUALCHAMBER BAG TRIPLECHAMBER BAG
OLIMEL
TRIOMIX AMINO L-600 CLINOLEIC CLINIMIX
KALBAMIN
DISEASE SPECIFIC
AMINOFUSIN HEPAR
COMAFUSIN HEPAR
RENXAMIN
TRIOMIX KALBAMIN
AMINOFUSIN HEPAR
COMAFUSIN HEPAR RENXAMIN
AMINO L-600
CLINIMIX CLINOLEIC
OLIMEL N9E