Tugas Prefor

Tugas Kelompok
Solubility
Vicha Putri Kandari – 188114056
C. Andika Wisan Dewangga – 198114057
Ellisia Michelina - 198114073
Kateri Tricahya - 198114078
Polimorfism
Polimorfisme adalah kemampuan dari molekul untuk memiliki lebih dari 1 struktur kristal (Roy, 2017).
Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of
Poorly Soluble Drugs
Censi, R., dan Martino, P. D., 2015.
Obat yang digunakan
Artesunat
Artesunat adalah sebuah derivat semi
sintesis yang larut dalam air dari
sesquiterpine lactone artemisinin
dengan aktivitas anti malaria, anti
schistosomiasis, antiviral. Dan anti
neoplastic (Pubchem, 2020).
(Censi, 2015)
Pertimbangan
Obat dengan kelarutan rendah dalam
air dapat mempengaruhi
bioavaibilitas dan respon klinis. Hal
ini dapat diatasi dengan formulasi
obat. Polimorf dapat menjadi solusi
pada masalah bioavailabilitas ini,
namun hal ini dapat menjadi sebuah
tantangan guna menjamin stabilitas
fisikokimia dari shelf life produk
tersebut.
Pendahuluan
Macam macam
bentuk kristal Kelarutan Indomethacin
Kelarutan Indomethacin pada air
AS dari 0,2903 mg/mL.
beberapa
metode
pendapatan
Skema Penjelasan gambar
Gambar 2 disamping menunjukkan

Skema percobaan IKI WAGU HELP
Memiliki struktur kristal yang berbeda, maka
Proses
polimorf memiliki sifat fisikokimia, titik lelh
foto mikroskopik SEM dari AS dalam reaktivitas kimia, laju pelarutan, dan bioavaibilitas
berbagai pelarut. Profil foto SEM AS berbeda
yang dikristalisasi dingin dengan air ↓
Polimorfism obat dapat memiliki pengaruh yang
(beku kering) menunjukkan habit signifikan terhadap khasiat terapeutik
kristal yang berbeda dengan AS ↓
Grafik percobaan
komersial. AS setelah perlakuan beku Ketika laju disolusi pada tahap penentu laju
penyerapan dalam saluran pencernaan dan pada
kering menunjukkan pola jarum, akhirnya memengaruhi bioavailabilitas obat
sedangkan AS komersial menunjukkan
pola heksagonal. Foto SEM pada AS
yang direkristalisasi dengan pelarut
metanol dan CHCl3 menunjukkan habit
kristal yang sama dengan AS komersial
(pola heksagonal)
belom
belom
Obat yang digunakan
Kalsium atorvastin
BELOM
Pertimbangan
BELOM AK WES MANGKEL
Pendahuluan
Kalsium atorvastatin itu salah satu obat anti-kolesterol yang
memiliki bentuk kristal yang banyak dan kelarutan yang kurang
baik, dengan bioavailabilitas yang hanya mendekati 14%.
BELOM AKU Mengenai pengaruh perubahan bentuk kristal kalsium
BARU EMOSI atorvastatin terhadap profil disolusi bertujuan untuk
mengetahui terbentuk atau tidaknya kristal kalsium atorvastatin
bentuk lain setelah proses modifikasi dan perbandingan profil
disolusi berdasarkan hasil uji disolusi terbanding.
(Gozali, et al.,, 2014)
Skema Penjelasan singkat kurva
pH−solubility profile was indeed represented by two

Skema percobaan WAGU BGTTTTTT
Polimorfisme sulit untuk diprediksi molekul yang
Proses
curves that intersected at pHmax ≈ 8.19. diberikan akan mengkristal dalam satu atau banyak
bentuk kristal
When a new solid form precipitated out of the ↓
solution, pH increased to values above 8. Polimorfisme akan membentuk solvet dengan
The solid phase in equilibrium with the solution at stoikiometri yang berbeda atau akan tetap
such pH was shown to not be the free acid and was berikatan dengan molekul yang lain akan
therefore concluded to be the corresponding salt. membentuk ko-kristal yang stabil
Grafik percobaan ↓
The fact that a new solid form could be obtained by Kecepatan pelepasan zat aktif sehingga laju disolusi
increasing pH to values above pHmax by the addition yang didapat menjadi tidak konstan dan dapat
of Tro illustrated the feasibility of forming a Tro salt berubah tergantung dai dominasi bentuk dan
of Indo. The solubility of the Indo-Tro salt in the flat distribusi saja mengubah aktivitas farmasetiknya
pH region of 8.15–8.3 was determined as 19.34 (Gozali, et al., 2014)
mg/mL
The apparent Ksp of the salt was calculated as 1.63 ×

10−3 M2 using the method of Anderson and Conradi
Common Ion Effect
Ketika sebuah garam ditambahkan ke larutan yang memiliki anion / kation serupa maka akan terjadi perubahan
pada solubility. Hal inilah yang kerap dikenal sebagai common ion effect (Aryangat, 2015).
Preparation of a Crystalline Salt of Indomethacin and
Tromethamine by Hot Melt Extrusion Technology
Bookwala, M., Thipsav, P., Ross, S., Zhang, F., Bandari, S., dan Repka, M. A., 2019
Obat yang digunakan
Indomethacin Tromethamin
Obat golongan NSAID yang poten sebuah senyawa amino primer yang
dan biasa digunakan untuk merupakan sebuah tert-butylamine
mengobati chronic inflammatory dimana terdapat sebuah gugus
arthritis (Pubchem, 2020). hidrogen yang terikat pada tiap
gugus metil yang digantikan dengan
gugus hidroksi (Pubchem, 2020).
Pertimbangan
Experiment dalam jurnal ini
menunjukkan bahwa laju disolusi
dari indometahcin (Obat yang
susah larut dalam air dapat
ditingkatkan dengan hot melt
extrusion dari 1:1(mol/mol)
indomethacin:tromethamin guna
membentuk garam kristalin.
Penjelasan singkat kurva Skema percobaan
Kelarutan Indomethacin pada air suhu Senyawa Indomethacin Dititrasi dengan
Skema 25 °C adalah 0,9 μg/mL

↓
Hubungan pH dengan solubility
Tromethamin.
↓
Pada penambahan awal terjadi
Proses direpresentasikan pada kurva dengan

titik temu pada pHmax 8,19.
↓
peningkatan kelarutan senyawa seiring
dengan meningkatnya pH akibat
pencampuran Indomethacin dengan
Padatan dapat terbentuk dengan Tromethamin. Peningkatan ini
meningkatkan pH diatas pHmax dengan disebabkan oleh pelepasan Ion.
Grafik percobaan adisi tromethamin mengindikasikan ↓
terdapat kemungkinan terbentuk garam Selama beberapa repetisi yang
tro dalam indo. Kelarutan dari garam ini dilakukan seperti yang dilambangkan
pada pH 8,15 – 8,3 adalah 19,34 mg/mL dengan titik merah pada gambar
↓ didapati sebuah kecenderungan dimana
Ksp dari garam ditemukan sebesar 1.63 grafik solubility mempentuk sebuah
× 10−3 M2 dengan metode Anderson dan gunung dimana setelah mencapai
Con puncak akan menurun sesuai dengan Le
Chatelier’s Common Ion Effect.
↓
Hal ini disebabkan oleh seiring
konsentrasi basa meningkat setelah
netralasi asam sepenuhnya. Asam
(Indomethacin) akan terpresipitasi keluar
hingga ion produk seimbang dengan
kelarutan produk.
Overcoming the Common Ion Effect for Weakly Basic
Drugs: Inhibiting the Crystallization of Clofazimine
Hydrochloride in Simulated Gastrointestinal Media
Bannigan, P., Verma, V., dan Hudson, S. P., 2019.
Obat yang digunakan
Clofazimine
Clorfazimine adalah sebuah
phenazine dye dengan aktivitas
antimikobakterial dan antiinflamasi
(Pubchem, 2020).
Pertimbangan
Experiment dalam jurnal ini
Bertujuan untuk mencegah
terjadinya kristalisasi obat
Clofazimine yang disebabkan oleh
garam empedu, fosfolipid,
campuran fosfolipid dan garam
empedu, serta protein
pencernaan.
Skema Skema Percobaan
Persiapan garam Clofazimine via

Kesimpulan
Obat yang dapat terionisasi dengan
Proses rekristalisasi dari clofazimine.

↓
Pengukuran kelarutan dari Clofazimine
mudah serta memiliki solibility rendah
dalam air dan mudah mengalami
common ion effect seperti Clofazimine
hidroklorida dengan menggunakan dapat diberikan dengan solution-
spektrofotometer UV VIS. mediated solid-state transformation yang
Grafik percobaan ↓ dapat menghilangkan atau menghambat
Pengukuran waktu untuk induksi sifat inhibisi kristal dari aditif dan atau
kristalisasi. Pengukuran dilakukan senyawa endogen dalam saluran
sesuai dengan gambar yang ada pencernaan sehingga kelarutan obat
Disamping. meningkat yang akan berujung pada
↓ peningkatan bioavailabilitas.
Persiapan larutan m-FaSSGF untuk
eksperimen disolusi, pepsin (0.1
mg/mL), sodium taurocholate (80 μM),
lecithin (20 μM), sodium chloride (7.2
mM), dan hydrochloric acid (25 mM),
↓
Eksperimen disolusi dari padatan CFZ
dan inhibitor kristalisasi potensial
sebagai sebuah campuran fisik.
Solvasi
belom
belom
belom
Obat yang digunakan
Tembaga Sulfat Pentahidrat

belom
Pertimbangan
belom
Pendahuluan
Tembaga(II) sulfat, yang dikenal dengan kupri sulfat,

merupakan sebuah senyawa kimia dengan rumus molekul
belom CuSO4. Senyawa garam ini terdapat di bumi dengan
derajat hidrasi yang berbeda-beda. Anhidratnya berbentuk
bubuk hijau pucat atau abu-abu putih, sedangkan untuk
bentuk pentahidratnya (CuSO4·5H2O), berwarna biru
terang. Kupri sulfat pentahidrat akan terdekomposisi
sebelum mencair pada suhu 150 °C, akan kehilangan dua
molekul airnya pada suhu 63 °C, diikuti oleh 2 molekul lagi
pada suhu 109 °C dan molekul air terakhir pada suhu 200
°C. Fungsi senyawa ini sebagai hebrisida, fungisisda, dan
pestisida untuk beberapa jamur. (Kirici, 2017)
Skema Percobaan
Semakin tinggi suhhu, kelarutan CuSO4 dalam

air akan semakin meningkat dan jumlah kristal
CuSO4.5H2O yang terbentuk semakin sedikit
Skema 
Air hidrat sering terlepas dari ikatannya karena
adanya pemanasan. Hidrat terjadi pada zat
padat yang bersifat ionik seperti CuSO4 karena
Proses strukturnya tidak stabil maka distabilkan

dengan air (Day and Underwood, 1989)

Analisa yield juga menunjukkan adanya
kenaikan jumlah kristal yang diperoleh dengan
penambahan seed pada proses kristalisasi. Hal
Grafik percobaan ini dikarenakan penambahan sed pada proses
kristalisasi membuat terjadinyaheterogeneous
nucleation yang mempercepat pembentukan
inti kristal

untuk suhu 34C, perlakuan seeding
menaikkan yield kristal sebesar 27,13%. Pada
suhu 50C, perlakuan seeding menaikan yield
kristal sebesar 23,77%. Pada suhu 70C,
perlakuan seeding menaikkan yield kristal
sebesar 14,93%. Sedangkan pada suhu 90C,
perlakuan seeding menaikkan 10,72%.
Kenaikkan yield dengan adanya perlakuan
seeding cenderung menurun seiiring dengan
kenaikan suhu. Hal ini diakibatkan pada suhu
yan tinggi, CuSO4 yang larut kemudian
membentuk kristal semakin banyak. Sehingga
CuSO4 yang belum larut dalam air sedikit
(Fitrony, dkk., 2013).
Skema Percobaan
Semakin tinggi suhhu, kelarutan CuSO4 dalam

air akan semakin meningkat dan jumlah kristal
CuSO4.5H2O yang terbentuk semakin sedikit
Skema 
Air hidrat sering terlepas dari ikatannya karena
adanya pemanasan. Hidrat terjadi pada zat
padat yang bersifat ionik seperti CuSO4 karena
Proses strukturnya tidak stabil maka distabilkan

dengan air (Day and Underwood, 1989)

Analisa yield juga menunjukkan adanya
kenaikan jumlah kristal yang diperoleh dengan
penambahan seed pada proses kristalisasi. Hal
Grafik percobaan ini dikarenakan penambahan sed pada proses
kristalisasi membuat terjadinyaheterogeneous
nucleation yang mempercepat pembentukan
inti kristal

untuk suhu 34C, perlakuan seeding
menaikkan yield kristal sebesar 27,13%. Pada
suhu 50C, perlakuan seeding menaikan yield
kristal sebesar 23,77%. Pada suhu 70C,
perlakuan seeding menaikkan yield kristal
sebesar 14,93%. Sedangkan pada suhu 90C,
perlakuan seeding menaikkan 10,72%.
Kenaikkan yield dengan adanya perlakuan
seeding cenderung menurun seiiring dengan
kenaikan suhu. Hal ini diakibatkan pada suhu
yan tinggi, CuSO4 yang larut kemudian
membentuk kristal semakin banyak. Sehingga
CuSO4 yang belum larut dalam air sedikit
(Fitrony, dkk., 2013).
belom
belom
Obat yang digunakan
Teofilin Monohidrat
Teofilin adalah bronkodilator yang
digunakan untuk asma dan untuk
mengatasi penyakit paru obstruksi
kronik yang stabil, yan secara
umum tidak efektif untuk
eksaserbasi penyakit paru obstruksi
kronik (BPOM, 2020).
Pertimbangan
belom
Pendahuluan
belom
belom
Skema Percobaan
Skema Kelarutan teofilin monohidrat lebih rendah

daripada bentuk hidratnya. Hal tersebut
Proses
disebabkan karena molekul hidrat sudah
memiliki ikatan dengan air sehingga proses
disolusi dan interaksi selanjutnya dengan air
akan lebih rendah dibanding dengan molekul
anhidratnta (Setyawan, 2019).

Kelarutan teofilin anhidrat di dalam air adalah
Grafik percobaan 5,5 mg/ml, sedangkan kelarutan teofilin
monohidrat di dalam air adalah 8 mg/ml
Cosolvent
Cosolvent adalah pelarut organik yang larut dalam air yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan senyawa
yang sulit larut dalam air (Nema and Ludwig, 2010).
Aqueous Solubility Enhancement of
Mirtazapine: Effect of Cosolvent
and Surfactant
Kenneth E. Ezealisiji, Chika J. Mbah, Patience O. Osadebe, 2015
Obat yang digunakan
Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine adalah obat tetrasiklik
antidepresan untuk mengobati
depresi dan kecemasan (Ezealisiji,
et al., 2015).
Pertimbangan
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa kelarutan air mirtazapine
secara signifikan ditingkatkan oleh
kosolvensi dan surfaktan dan
karena itu ada kemungkinan
dapat memperbaiki gejala putus
zat
Pendahuluan
Mirtazapine adalah praktis tidak larut dalam air dan

koefisien partisi logaritmanya (oktanol-air) adalah 2,9,
kelarutan air menunjukkan hidrofobisitas tinggi
mirtazapine dapat Farmakokinetik mirtazapine menunjukkan bahwa obat
ditingkatkan oleh tersebut memiliki bioavailabilitas rata-rata (50%),
cosolvents (propylene pengikatan protein tinggi (85%) dan waktu paruh yang
glycol, polyethylene sangat tinggi (20-40 jam).
glycol 400) dan
surfaktan (natrium
lauril sulfat, polisorbat
20, polisorbat 80)
Rumus yang digunakan
Log Stot = logSw + Ccolsol
01 Stot adalah total kelarutan obat
02 Sw adalah kelarutan obat dalam air
03  Adalah kekuatan kelarutan kosolven

Stot = Sw + kCsurf
01 Csurf adalah konsentrasi dari surfaktan \
02 K adalah kapasitas kelarutan molar

Skema Percobaan
Mirtazapine praktis tidak larut dalam air dan
Skema
koefisien partisi logaritmanya (oktanol-air)
adalah 2,9

Dengan cosolvents, polietilen glikol 400
Proses
(0,0619 mg / ml ) memberikan peningkatan
kelarutan yang lebih besar daripada propilen
glikol (0,0512 mg/ml) pada konsentrasi 50%b/v

Dari surfaktan , natrium lauril sulfat (0,0825
mg/ml) menghasilkan peningkatan terbesar
dalam kelarutan mirtazapine dalam air.
Grafik percobaan Polisorbat 80 (tween 80) (0,0714 mg/ml)
memberi lebih tinggi pelarutan obat
dibandingkan polisorbat 20 (tween 20) (0,0517
mg/ml) pada konsentrasi 2% b/v

memperbaiki gejala putus zat yang sering
dialami degan obat tersebut
Solubility Enhancement of Etoricoxib by Cosolvency
Approach
Amit Kumar Nayak and Prachi Prava Panigrahi, 2012
Obat yang digunakan
Etoticoxib
adalah penghambat
siklooksigenase-2 (COX-II) generasi
kedua yang sangat selektif yang
diberikan
secara oral sebagai analgesik dan
antiinflamasi nonsteroid
Pertimbangan
Hasil penelitian ini adalah
Kelarutan dalam air etoricoxib
adalah 0,0767 ± 0,0018 mg / mL,
yang meningkat secara signifikan
dengan penambahan PEG 400,
PG, dan gliserin sebagai
cosolvents.
Pendahuluan
Karena kelarutan dalam air yang sangat rendah (0,0767
mg/ml) dari etoricoxib dapat menyebabkan masalah
formulasi dan membatasi aplikasiterapeutiknya dengan
peningkatan menunda laju penyerapan dan aksi onset sehingga sangat
kelarutan dengan penting untuk meningkatkan kelarutan etoricoxib
cosolvents seperti
polietilen glikol 400
(PEG 400),
polipropilen glikol
(PG), dan gliserin.
mix = wsfws + ssfss
 = konstanta dielektrik
01
02 F = fraksi volume
03 Ws = subskrip campuran
04 Ss = nilai campuran
log Sm = fc log Sc + fw log Sw
01 Sm = sollubilitas campuran air dan kosolven
02 Sc = kelarutan kosolven
03 Fw fraksi volume konsentrasi air
04 Fc = fraksi volume dalam cosolvent

Skema Percobaan
Kelarutan di air adalah 0,0767 mg/ml


Skema
kelarutan di dalam air (50% v/v) + PEG-
400(50%) adalah 0,8329 mg/ml

Kelarutan di dalam air (50% v/v) + PG (50%)
Proses
adalah 0,6122 mg/ml

Kelarutan di dalam air (50% v/v) + gliserin (50%
v/V) adalah 0,3400 mg/ml
Grafik percobaan
Pengecilan Ukuran Partikel
Kelarutan obat seringkali secara intrinsik berhubungan dengan ukuran partikel obat; sebagai mana partikel menjadi
lebih kecil, luas permukaan rasio volume meningkat. Luas permukaan yang lebih besar memungkinkan interaksi
yang lebih besar dengan pelarut yang menyebabkan peningkatan kelarutan ().
Savjani, K. T., Gajjar, A. K., & Savjani, J. K. (2012). Drug solubility: importance and enhancement
techniques. ISRN pharmaceutics, 2012, 195727. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/195727
Effect of Particle Size on the Dissolution Behaviors of
Poorly Water-soluble Drugs
Kyung Rok Chu , Eunhee Lee , Seong Hoon Jeong , and Eun-Seok Park, 2012
Obat yang digunakan
ibuprofen aceclofenac
Ibuprofen adalah turunan asam Aceclofenac adalah asam
propionat dan obat antiinflamasi monokarboksilat yang merupakan
nonsteroid (NSAID) dengan efek ester karboksimetil diklofenak. Obat
antiinflamasi, analgesik, dan antiinflamasi nonsteroid yang
antipiretik (Pubchem, 2020). berhubungan dengan diklofenak,
digunakan dalam penanganan
osteoartritis, rheumatoid arthritis,
dan ankylosing spondylitis
(Pubchem, 2020).
Pertimbangan
Hasil dari penelitian jurnal ini
adalah ukuran primer yang sulit
larut dalam air pada partikel obat
mempengaruhi perilaku disolusi
karena tingkat kelarutan obat
sangat berkaitan dengan distribusi
ukuran partikel.
Skema Proses MON Skema percobaan
MAAP AK BINGUNG
Bahan dikristalisasi dengan metode penguapan
GIMANA INI SI dan digiling tanpa adanya perubahan bentuk
kristal
KURVA 
Partikel diayak

dibagi menjadi empat kelompok ukuran (<45
µm, 45 ~ 150 µm, 150 ~ 250 µm, dan 250 ~
Grafik percobaan 600 µm)

Uji kelarutan
PowerPoint Presentation
Chu, K. R., Lee, E., Jeong, S. H., Park, E.-S., 2012. Effect of Particle Size on
The Dissolution Behaviors of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs.
Archives of Pharmacal Research, 35(7), 1187–1195
Day, R.A., and Underwood A.T., 1989. Dasar Kimia Organik. Universitas
Indonesia Press, Jakarta, pg 221 - 223
Ezealisiji, K.E., Mbah, C.J. and Osadebe, P.O., 2015. Aqueous Solubility
Enhancement of Mirtazapine: Effect of Cosolvent and Surfactant.
Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 6, 471-476
Fitrony, Fauzi, R., Qadariyah, L., dkk, 2013. Pembuatan Kristal Tembaga Sulfat
Pentahidrat (CuSO4.5H2O) Dari Tembaga Bekas Kumparan.
Jurnal Teknik POMITS, 2(1), 121 - 125.
Kirici , M., Turk, C., Caglayan, C., 2017. Toxic Effects Of Copper Sulphate
Pentahydrate On Antioxidant Enzyme Activities And Lipid
Peroxidation Of Freshwater Fis Capoeta umbla (Heckle, 2843)
Tissue. Applied Ecology And Enviromental Research, 15(3), 1685 -
1696.
Nayak, A.K., Panigrahi, P.P., 2012. Solubility Enhancement of Etoricoxib by
Cosolvency Approach. Physical Chemistry, 8(2), 1-5
Ncbi., 2020. Chemical.
https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/pmc/articles/PMC6331817/&prev=search&pto=aue
DAFTAR . Diakses pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2020.

Nema, S., Ludwig, J.D., 2010. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral
Medications, Third Edition. CRC Press, USA, pp. 85
Saleh, W. et al., 2014. Preparasi Dan Karakteristik Polimorfisme Obat Anti
PUSTAKA
Malaria Artesunate. Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia. 15(2), 88.
Setyawan, D., 2019. Mewujudkan ketersediaan Obat Melalui Pengembangan
Krsitalografi. Airlangga University Press, Surabaya, pg 9 - 11.
Agenda Contents Here
01
Style
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed.
Contents Here
02 Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed.
Contents Here
03 Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully I
designed.
Contents Here
04 Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed.
Timeline Style
2017 2016 2015 2014

Add Text Add Text Add Text Add Text
Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is
beautifully designed. beautifully designed. beautifully designed. beautifully designed.
2018 2019 2020

Add Text Add Text Add Text Add Text
Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is
beautifully designed. beautifully designed. beautifully designed. beautifully designed.
Meet Our
Team
JAMES JONSSON
CREATIVE DIRECTOR
Place Your Picture Here Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will
your Time, Money and Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe
that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. You
can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations.
/FACEBOOK @TWITTER
You can simply impress your You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique audience and add a unique
zing and appeal to your zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Presentations.
Infographic Style
ALLPPT Layout
Clean Text Slide for your Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. You can simply
impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Easy to change Easy to change Easy to change Easy to change

colors, photos colors, photos colors, photos colors, photos
and Text. and Text. and Text. and Text.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to

change colors, photos and Text. You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully designed. You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Infographic Style
Contents _ Graph Contents _ Graph

Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully designed. You can Presentation that is beautifully designed. You can
C
simply impress your audience and add a unique P e o nt e simply impress your audience and add a unique
zing and appeal to your Presentations. rfo nt
rm s zing and appeal to your Presentations.
an te n t s ce
ce n n
Co orma
rf
Pe
Contents
Performance
Contents _ Graph
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change We Create
colors, photos
and Text. Quality Professional
Place Your Picture Here
PPT Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully
designed. I hope and I believe
Place Your Picture Here Place Your Picture Here that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation.
Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. You can
Easy to change simply impress your audience
colors, photos and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Reports and
and Text. Presentations with our
Place Your Picture Here Easy to change Templates. Get a modern
colors, photos PowerPoint Presentation that
and Text. is beautifully designed. I hope
and I believe that this
Template will your Time,
Money and Reputation. Easy
Place Your Picture Here to change colors, photos and
Easy to change Text. You can simply impress
your audience and add a
Easy to change colors, photos unique zing and appeal to
colors, photos and Text. your Reports and
and Text. Presentations with our
Templates.
Infographic Style
You can simply impress

unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations.
You can simply impress
unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations.
You can simply

impress your
audience and add a
unique zing and
appeal to your You can simply
Presentations. impress your audience
and add a unique zing
You can simply impress your audience and
and appeal to your
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
Presentations.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%

Infographic Style
Add Contents Title Add Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and add You can simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. and Text.
xt
dd
Te
Te
dd
x
A
t
A
xt
dd
Te
Te
dd
x
A
t
Add Contents Title Add Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and add You can simply impress your audience and add
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. and Text.
Add Text Add Text Add Text
Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern
PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint
Presentation Presentation Presentation
Add Text Add Text Add Text

Presentation Presentation Presentation
AWESOME
PRESENTATION
Power Presentation
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text.
Infographic Style
Your Text Here Your Text Here
You can simply impress your STRENGTHS You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing and audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. Easy to appeal to your Presentations. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. You can simply impress your change colors, photos and Text.
audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your
Presentations.
WEAKNESS SWOT OPPORTUNITIES
You can simply impress your

and appeal to your
Your Text Here Presentations. Your Text Here
audience and add a unique zing and audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. Easy to THREATS appeal to your Presentations. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. change colors, photos and Text.
PORTFOLIO
PRESENTATION
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Easy to change colors, photos and Text. You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations
$350 $250 $150

Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here
Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is
beautifully beautifully beautifully
designed. designed. designed.
We Create Quality LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET
Professional PPT
Presentation  You can simply impress your
You can simply impress your and appeal to your
audience and add a unique zing Presentations.
and appeal to your Presentations.
Get a modern PowerPoint  You can simply impress your
Presentation that is beautifully audience and add a unique zing
designed. Easy to change colors, and appeal to your
photos and Text. I hope and I Presentations.
believe that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation. Easy  You can simply impress your
Place Your Picture Here And Send To Back to change colors, photos and Text. audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your
Presentations.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET
AWESOME SLIDE
Power Point Presentation
Infographic Style
Power Presentation
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Get
a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and
I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully designed.
• You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Infographic Style
Text 4 Text 4
Text 3 Text 3
Text 2 Text 2
Text 1 Text 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
You can simply impress your audience You can simply impress your audience
60 %
and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text.
85 %
and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to
Add Text change colors, photos and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and
I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
ALLPPT Layout You can simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your
Clean Text Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint
Slide for your Presentation that is beautifully designed. You
Presentation can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET,
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET,
CU USU AGAM INTEGRE IMPEDIT.
Infographic Style
Content Here Content Here

Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully Presentation that is beautifully
designed. Easy to change colors, designed. Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. photos and Text.

designed. Easy to change colors, designed. Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. photos and Text.
Infographic Style
Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here
Text Here Text Here Text Here Text Here
$1000 $ 1200 $600 $600

AWESOME
SLIDE
Simple Portfolio Presentation

LOREM IPSUM ALLPPT Layout Clean Text

DOLOR SIT AMET Slide for your Presentation
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET,
CU USU AGAM INTEGRE IMPEDIT.
Infographic Style
Content Here
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. Content Here
and Text.
Content Here Add Text

and Text. Content Here
and Text.
Infographic Style

designed. hope and I believe that this designed. hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time. Template will your Time.

designed. hope and I believe that this designed. hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time. Template will your Time.
ALLPPT Layout Clean Text Slide
for your Presentation

beautifully designed. beautifully designed. beautifully designed.

beautifully designed. beautifully designed. beautifully designed.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time. Easy to change colors, photos.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time. Easy to change colors, photos.
Infographic Style

zing and appeal to your
S
zing and appeal to your
W
O
Content Here
T Content Here
zing and appeal to your zing and appeal to your
Infographic Style
You can simply impress your You can simply impress your You can simply impress your You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing audience and add a unique zing audience and add a unique zing audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations. and appeal to your Presentations. and appeal to your Presentations. and appeal to your Presentations.
Presentation that is beautifully Presentation that is beautifully Presentation that is beautifully Presentation that is beautifully
designed designed designed designed
Portfolio Presentation
LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text. I hope and I believe that this
Place Your Picture Here Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
You can simply You can simply You can simply You can simply
impress your impress your impress your impress your
audience and add audience and add audience and add audience and add
a unique zing. a unique zing. a unique zing. a unique zing.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET

Worldmap
Infographic A
C
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. You can
simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
B
appeal to your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint D
Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe
that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
You can simply impress your You can simply impress your You can simply impress your You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique audience and add a unique audience and add a unique audience and add a unique
zing. zing. zing. zing.
Infographic Style
You can simply impress your audience and add a You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy
to change colors, photos and Text. to change colors, photos and Text.
Text Here 75% 20%
Your Text Here 35% 40%
Your Content Here 50% 80%
Text 65% 40%
Content Here 50% 55%
Content 45% 65%

AWESOME
PRESENTATION
We Create
Quality Professional
PPT Presentation

You can simply impress your audience You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy to change your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text. colors, photos and Text.
Infographic Style
You can simply impress your audience
3 3 You can simply impress your audience
your Presentations. your Presentations.

You can simply impress your audience 2 2 You can simply impress your audience

You can simply impress your audience
1 START 1 You can simply impress your audience
Infographic Style
Your Text Your Text Your Text Your Text
Simple Simple Simple Simple

PowerPoint Pre- PowerPoint Pre- PowerPoint Pre- PowerPoint Pre-
sentation sentation sentation sentation
You can simply You can simply You can simply You can simply
impress your impress your impress your impress your
audience and add a audience and add a audience and add a audience and add a
unique zing and unique zing and unique zing and unique zing and
appeal to your appeal to your appeal to your appeal to your
Presentations. Presentations. Presentations. Presentations.
$1,200 $1,200 $1,200 $1,200

Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope
and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope
and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Get
a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Simple Portfolio Place Your Picture Here
Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope

and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope
and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Get
a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Infographic Style
Your Text Here
Yo
ur
Presentations.
Te
xt
Your Text Here
He
re
re add a unique zing and appeal to your
t He Presentations.
Your Text Here x
r Te
u
Yo
Yo
ur
Presentations.
Te
xt
Your Text Here
He
re
e re add a unique zing and appeal to your
tH Presentations.
Tex
our
Y
Infographic Style
Content Here Content Here Content Here
Simple PowerPoint Simple PowerPoint Simple PowerPoint
Simple PowerPoint Simple PowerPoint Simple PowerPoint
Content Here Content Here Content Here Content Here
Simple PowerPoint Simple PowerPoint Simple PowerPoint Simple PowerPoint
Content Here Content Here Content Here Content Here

Contents A Contents B Contents C
We Create Example Text : Get a modern Example Text : Get a modern Example Text : Get a modern
Quality PowerPoint Presentation that is

beautifully designed. You can
PowerPoint Presentation that is
PowerPoint Presentation that is
simply impress your audience simply impress your audience simply impress your audience
Professional and add a unique zing and
and add a unique zing and
and add a unique zing and
PPT Presentations with our
Templates.
Presentations with our
Templates.
Presentations with our
Templates.
Presentation Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully Presentation that is beautifully Presentation that is beautifully
designed. designed. designed.
Infographic Style
Contents _ Type Contents _ Type Contents _ Type
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6
Contents A Contents B Contents C

You can simply impress your You can simply impress your You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing audience and add a unique zing audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations. and appeal to your Presentations. and appeal to your Presentations.
Infographic Style
Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is
beautifully designed. beautifully designed. beautifully designed. beautifully designed. beautifully designed.
Infographic Style
ALLPPT
Layout Place Your Picture Here And Send To Back
Clean Text
Slide
for your
Presentation
Add Title Add Title Add Title
You can simply impress your You can simply impress your You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique audience and add a unique audience and add a unique
zing and appeal to your zing and appeal to your zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Presentations. Presentations.
Infographic Style
CEO
Name Here
Your Text
Name Here
Your Text Your Text Your Text Your Text

Name Here Name Here Name Here Name Here

Infographic Style
2019 Your Text Here 2020 Your Text Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time,
Money and Reputation. Money and Reputation.
Content Content Content Content

53 Content 73 Content 43 Content 53 Content
Columns PowerPoint Presentation
You can simply impress your audience and add

PowerPoint Presentation
You can simply impress your audience and add

Style Presentations. I hope and I believe that this

Template will your Time, Money and
Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentations. I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time, Money and
Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy
to change colors, photos and Text. You can to change colors, photos and Text. You can
simply impress your audience and add a unique simply impress your audience and add a unique
PowerPoint Presentation zing and appeal to your Presentations. You can zing and appeal to your Presentations. You can
simply impress your audience and add a unique simply impress your audience and add a unique
You can simply impress your audience and add zing and appeal to your Presentations. Get a zing and appeal to your Presentations. Get a
a unique zing and appeal to your modern PowerPoint Presentation that is modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
Presentations. I hope and I believe that this beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, beautifully designed. Easy to change colors,
Template will your Time, Money and photos and Text. photos and Text.
Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy You can simply impress your audience and add You can simply impress your audience and add
to change colors, photos and Text. You can a unique zing and appeal to your a unique zing and appeal to your
simply impress your audience and add a unique Presentations. Presentations.
zing and appeal to your Presentations. You can
simply impress your audience and add a unique You can simply impress your audience and add You can simply impress your audience and add
zing and appeal to your Presentations. Get a a unique zing and appeal to your a unique zing and appeal to your
modern PowerPoint Presentation that is Presentations. I hope and I believe that this Presentations. I hope and I believe that this
beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, Template will your Time, Money and Template will your Time, Money and
photos and Text. Reputation. You can simply impress your Reputation. You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing and appeal to audience and add a unique zing and appeal to
THANK YOU
Insert the Subtitle of Your Presentation
Fully Editable Shapes
Fully Editable Shapes And PND
START
Fully Editable Icon Sets: A
You can Resize without
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color
FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com
Fully Editable Icon Sets: B
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color
FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com
Fully Editable Icon Sets: C
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color
FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com

Tugas Prefor

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Tugas Prefor

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Tugas Kelompok

Gambar 2 disamping menunjukkan

Memiliki struktur kristal yang berbeda, maka

pH−solubility profile was indeed represented by two

Polimorfisme sulit untuk diprediksi molekul yang

The apparent Ksp of the salt was calculated as 1.63 ×

Kelarutan Indomethacin pada air suhu Senyawa Indomethacin Dititrasi dengan

Skema 25 °C adalah 0,9 μg/mL

Proses direpresentasikan pada kurva dengan

Persiapan garam Clofazimine via

Obat yang dapat terionisasi dengan

Proses rekristalisasi dari clofazimine.

Tembaga Sulfat Pentahidrat

Tembaga(II) sulfat, yang dikenal dengan kupri sulfat,

Semakin tinggi suhhu, kelarutan CuSO4 dalam

Proses strukturnya tidak stabil maka distabilkan

Semakin tinggi suhhu, kelarutan CuSO4 dalam

Proses strukturnya tidak stabil maka distabilkan

Skema Kelarutan teofilin monohidrat lebih rendah

Mirtazapine adalah praktis tidak larut dalam air dan

01 Stot adalah total kelarutan obat

02 Sw adalah kelarutan obat dalam air

03  Adalah kekuatan kelarutan kosolven

01 Csurf adalah konsentrasi dari surfaktan \

02 K adalah kapasitas kelarutan molar

Mirtazapine praktis tidak larut dalam air dan

01 Sm = sollubilitas campuran air dan kosolven

03 Fw fraksi volume konsentrasi air

04 Fc = fraksi volume dalam cosolvent

Kelarutan di air adalah 0,0767 mg/ml

DAFTAR . Diakses pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2020.

2017 2016 2015 2014

2018 2019 2020

Easy to change Easy to change Easy to change Easy to change

Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to

Contents _ Graph Contents _ Graph

You can simply impress

You can simply

20% 20% 20% 20% 20%

Add Text Add Text Add Text

WEAKNESS SWOT OPPORTUNITIES

You can simply impress your

$350 $250 $150

LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET

Content Here Content Here

Content Here Content Here

Text Here Text Here Text Here Text Here

Text Here Text Here Text Here Text Here

Text Here Text Here Text Here Text Here

Text Here Text Here Text Here Text Here

Text Here Text Here Text Here Text Here

Text Here Text Here Text Here Text Here

$1000 $ 1200 $600 $600

Simple Portfolio Presentation

LOREM IPSUM ALLPPT Layout Clean Text

Content Here Add Text

Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint

Content Here Content Here

Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here

Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here

Content Here Content Here

LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET

Text Here 75% 20%

Your Text Here 35% 40%