1) - Pcos
1) - Pcos
Policystic Ovarium
Syndrome
Anisyah Achmad
Program Studi Farmasi- Fakultas
Kedokteran
Universitas Brawijaya
DEFINITION
Suatu anovulasi kronik yang menyebabkan
infertilitas dan bersifat hiperandrogenik, ada
gangguan hubungan umpan balik antara pusat
(hipotalamus-hipofisis) dan ovarium sehingga
kadar estrogen selalu tinggi sehingga tdk ada
kenaikan kadar FSH yang adekuat.
Major Criteria
Chronic anovulation
Hyperandrogenemia
Clinical signs of hyperandrogenism
Exclusion of other etiologies
Minor Criteria
Insulin resistance
Perimenarchal onset of hirsutism and obesity
Elevated LH/FSH ratio
Ultrasonographic evidence of PCOS
Intermittent anovulation associated with
hyperandrogenemia (free testosterone, DHEAS)
Annal NY Academy of Sciences 1993;687:115-123
FISOLOGI OVULASI
Policystic Ovarium
Subcapsular
folicular cysts
Stromal
Hypertrophy
Hirsutism
Acne
Bulu dada
Chin hair
Skor Ferriman-Galwey
SHBG
decreases
Weight
increases
Inherited defects
In insulin action
Insulin
receptor
disorder
Insulin
increases
IGFBP-1
decreases
Theca
(IGFR)
Free
testosterone
increases
LH increases
FSH decreases
Androstenedione
increases
Follicular
Atresia
Testosterone
increases
Hirsutism
Estrone
increases
Endo
metr
canc ial
er
Free
estradiol
increases
SPESIFIC CONDITION
-HYPERINSULINEMIA
-HYPERANDROGENISM
HYPERINSULIN
Achantosis nigricans
Indeks masa tubuh (IMT) atau rasio pinggang-pinggul (waist to hip ratio).
Kadar FSH, LH, Estradiol, prolaktin; pada hari ke-3 siklus haid (ditambah
dengan kadar P pada hari ke-21 siklus haid) atau setiap saat bila
oligomenore/amenore.
Kadar testosteron (DHEAS, SHBG) pada hari ke-3 siklus haid atau setiap
saat bila oligomenore/amenore.
Kadar insulin dan gula darah (puasa dan 2 jam setelah tes toleransi
glukosa).
+ INFERTILITAS
?
?
PHARMACOLOGY TREATMENT
Clomiphene Citrate
Metformin
Gonadotropin
Aromatase inhibitor
Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling
Fertilisasi Invivo + Transfer embryo
Insidens: 20-25%
tidak terdapat respons setelah penggunaan CC
150 mg perhari atau
setelah 4-6 siklus berovulasi namun tidak
berhasil terjadi kehamilan, atau
setelah 3 siklus pengobatan CC, diameter
folikel pada fase folikularis akhir tidak pernah
mencapai 18 mm.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190(6):1654-60.
Evidence-based recommendation
Clomiphene citrate should be first line pharmacological
therapy to improve fertility outcomes in women
with polycystic ovary syndrome and anovulatory
infertility, with no other infertility factors.
Insulin sensitizers
Biguanides (Metformin)
Thrombotic risk
Insulin Resistance
Thiazolidinediones
Atherosclerosis
Evidence-based recommendations
Metformin should be combined with clomiphene citrate to improve
fertility outcomes rather than
persisting with further treatment with clomiphene citrate alone in women
with polycystic ovary syndrome
who are clomiphene citrate resistant, anovulatory and infertile with no
other infertility factors.
Metformin could be used alone to improve ovulation rate and pregnancy
rate in women with polycystic
ovary syndrome who are anovulatory, have a body mass index 30kg/m
and are infertile with no other
infertility factors.
If one is considering using metformin alone to treat women with
polycystic ovary syndrome who are
anovulatory, have a body mass index 30kg/m
(obese), and are infertile with no other infertility factors,
Aromatase inhibitor
Evidence-based recommendations
Letrozole should not be first line pharmacological therapy in
women with polycystic ovary syndrome who
are anovulatory, and infertile, with no other infertility factors.
Under caution either letrozole or anastrozole could be used if
one is considering using aromatase inhibitors in
women with polycystic ovary syndrome women who are
clomiphene citrate resistant, anovulatory and infertile
with no other infertility factors. If using letrozole, it is
preferable to treat for 10 days at a dose of 2.5mg/day.
Gonadotropins
Evidence-based recommendations
Gonadotrophins should be second line pharmacological
therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
who have clomiphene citrate resistance and/or failure, are
anovulatory and infertile, with no other
infertility factors.
Gonadotrophins could be considered as first line
pharmacological therapy in women with polycystic ovary
syndrome who are therapy nave, anovulatory and infertile,
with no other infertility factors
TERAPI OVULASI
Obat
Dosis
Indikasi
ESO
50mg/hr, 5 hr
Stimulasi
ovulasi PCOS,
anovulasi,
infitro
fertilisasi
Nausea,
vomit,
hiperstimulasi
, insomnia,
kehamilan
ganda
Dexa 0,25mg
3-4 mgg
di0,5mg
Prednison 5mg,
di7,5-10mg
Stimulasi
ovulasi PCOS,
anovulasi,
infitro
fertilisasi
Nausea,
vomit,
hiperstimulasi
, insomnia
Pulsatile Gn
Rh
-Fertinex
-Humegon,
Folistin
50100mg/kgBB
tipa 60-120
mnt
Stimulasi
ovulasi PCOS,
hyperprolacti
nemia
Kelahiran
ganda
Antag Estrog
-Clomiphen
citrate
Mekanisme
GnRh
FSH, LH
ovulasi
Stimulasi
folikel dan
folikel oosit
Kegagalan terapi CC
Kegagalan terapi gonadotropin
Terutama LH>10 IU/l
Kegagalan LOD
Fertilisasi Invitro
Turunkan berat
badan + metformin
Hamil
Hamil
Clomiphene citrate
Tak ada respons
6 siklus berovulasi
Tambah Metformin
Hamil
Aromatase inhibitor
FSH
Hamil
6 siklus berovulasi
IVF/ET
Hamil
LOD
Hamil