MEKANIKA TANAH I
INVESTIGASI TANAH
1. Keuntungan
Keuntungan alat sondir :
- Dapat dengan cepat menentukan lekat lapisan tanah keras.
- Dapat diperkirakan perbedaan lapisan.
- Cukup baik untuk digunakan pada lapisan yang berbutir halus.
- Dengan rumus empiris hasilnya dapat digunakan untuk menghitung daya
dukung tiang.
2. Kekurangan Penggunaan Alat Sondir :
- Tidak dapat digunakan untuk lapisan yang berbutir kasar, terutama lapisan
yang mengandung butir kerikil dan batu.
- Tidak dapat diketahui tanah secarah langsung.
- Jika letak alat ini vertikal dan konis/bikonis tidak bekerja dengan baik, maka
hasil yang diperoleh meragukan
EXERCISE NO 2
Tabel hasil pembacaan Sondir, beserta grafik kedalaman terhadap tahanan ujung, jumlah
hambatan lekat, dan friction ratio serta klasfikasi tanah berdasarkan kurva hubungan nilai
perlawanan konus dan nilai friction ratio dari Robertson dan Campanella (1983).
pembacaan
manometer
kedala
man
(m)
jumlah
hambat
an
lekat
JHL
(LF/C)*10
0%
(kg/cm)
(%)
Frik
si
local
friction
delta
JHL
(F)
(LF)
LF*inter
val
JPPK
F*(Ap/A
s)
FR
tahan
an
ujung
(kg/c
m2)
0
Tahan
an
total
(kg/c
m2)
0
-0.2
18
23
0.333
6.667
6.667
1.852
-0.4
18
25
0.467
9.333
16.000
2.593
-0.6
16
22
0.4
24.000
2.5
-0.8
14
20
0.4
32.000
2.857
-1
15
22
0.467
9.333
41.333
3.111
-1.2
15
20
0.333
6.667
48.000
2.222
-1.4
10
15
0.333
6.667
54.667
3.333
-1.6
10
15
0.333
6.667
61.333
3.333
-1.8
10
15
0.333
6.667
68.000
3.333
-2
10
14
0.267
5.333
73.333
2.667
Klasifika
si Tanah
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
-2.2
14
0.333
6.667
80.000
3.704
-2.4
14
0.333
6.667
86.667
3.704
-2.6
14
0.333
6.667
93.333
3.704
-2.8
15
0.4
101.33
3
4.444
-3
10
15
0.333
6.667
108.00
0
3.333
-3.2
10
15
0.333
6.667
114.66
7
3.333
-3.4
14
0.4
122.66
7
-3.6
12
0.267
5.333
128.00
0
3.333
-3.8
12
0.2
132.00
0
2.222
-4
12
0.267
5.333
137.33
3
3.333
-4.2
12
0.267
5.333
142.66
7
3.333
-4.4
11
0.267
5.333
148.00
0
3.810
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
-4.6
10
0.267
5.333
153.33
3
4.444
-4.8
10
0.2
157.33
3
2.857
-5
0.2
161.33
3
3.333
-5.2
0.2
165.33
3
3.333
-5.4
0.2
169.33
3
3.333
-5.6
10
0.267
5.333
-5.8
11
0.267
5.333
-6
11
0.267
5.333
-6.2
11
0.267
5.333
174.66
7
180.00
0
185.33
3
190.66
7
Clays
3.810
Clays
3.810
Clays
3.810
Clays
14
0.333
6.667
197.33
3
3.704
-6.6
14
0.333
6.667
204.00
0
3.704
-6.8
10
18
0.533
10.667
-7
10
18
0.533
10.667
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
5.333
Clays
5.333
Clays
-7.2
11
18
0.467
9.333
234.66
7
4.242
-7.4
11
18
0.467
9.333
244.00
0
4.242
-7.6
12
18
0.4
252.00
0
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
4.444
-6.4
214.66
7
225.33
3
Clays
3.333
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
-7.8
12
20
0.533
10.667
-8
12
20
0.533
10.667
262.66
7
273.33
3
4.444
Clays
4.444
Clays
-8.2
15
23
0.533
10.667
284.00
0
3.556
-8.4
18
28
10
0.667
13.333
297.33
3
3.704
-8.6
18
28
10
0.667
13.333
310.66
7
3.704
-8.8
18
28
10
0.667
13.333
324.00
0
3.704
-9
12
20
0.533
10.667
-9.2
12
20
0.533
10.667
334.66
7
345.33
3
4.444
Clays
4.444
Clays
-9.4
10
15
0.333
6.667
352.00
0
3.333
-9.6
14
20
0.4
360.00
0
2.857
-9.8
14
20
0.4
368.00
0
2.857
-10
18
28
10
0.667
13.333
381.33
3
3.704
-10.2
18
28
10
0.667
13.333
394.66
7
3.704
-10.4
20
32
12
0.8
16
410.66
7
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
-10.6
20
32
12
0.8
16
426.66
7
-10.8
25
38
13
0.867
17.333
444.00
0
3.467
-11
25
35
10
0.667
13.333
457.33
3
2.667
-11.2
20
32
12
0.8
16
473.33
3
-11.4
22
32
10
0.667
13.333
486.66
7
3.030
-11.6
22
35
13
0.867
17.333
504.00
0
3.939
-11.8
25
40
15
20
524.00
0
-12
20
30
10
0.667
13.333
537.33
3
3.333
-12.2
20
30
10
0.667
13.333
550.66
7
3.333
-12.4
22
32
10
0.667
13.333
564.00
0
3.030
-12.6
20
30
10
0.667
13.333
577.33
3
3.333
-12.8
23
30
0.467
9.333
586.66
7
2.029
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Sandy
Silts
and
-13
23
35
12
0.8
16
602.66
7
3.478
-13.2
23
35
12
0.8
16
618.66
7
3.478
-13.4
25
40
15
20
638.66
7
-13.6
28
44
16
1.067
21.333
660.00
0
3.810
-13.8
28
45
17
1.133
22.667
682.66
7
4.048
-14
30
48
18
1.200
24
706.66
7
-14.2
32
48
16
1.067
21.333
728.00
0
3.333
-14.4
32
48
16
1.067
21.333
749.33
3
3.333
-14.6
35
50
15
20
769.33
3
2.857
-14.8
35
50
15
20
789.33
3
2.857
-15
38
55
17
1.133
22.667
812.00
0
2.982
-15.2
40
58
18
1.2
24
836.00
0
-15.4
48
65
17
1.133
22.667
858.66
7
2.361
silts
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Clayey
Silts
and
Silty
Clays
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Sandy
Silts
and
silts
Silty
Sands
-15.6
55
70
15
20
-15.8
55
70
15
20
-16
70
90
20
1.333
26.667
-16.2
75
100
25
1.667
33.333
-16.4
58
72
14
0.933
18.667
-16.6
58
72
14
0.933
18.667
-16.8
55
68
13
0.867
17.333
-17
70
90
20
1.333
26.667
-17.2
75
90
15
20
-17.4
90
115
25
1.667
33.333
-17.6
95
118
23
1.533
30.667
-17.8
105
120
15
20
-18
105
130
25
1.667
33.333
-18.2
125
148
23
1.533
30.667
-18.4
130
150
20
1.333
26.667
-18.6
135
150
15
20
-18.8
140
158
18
1.2
24
-19
145
168
23
1.533
30.667
-19.2
155
180
25
1.667
33.333
-19.4
-19.6
-19.8
-20
-20.2
878.66
7
898.66
7
925.33
3
958.66
7
977.33
3
996.00
0
1013.3
33
1040.0
00
1060.0
00
1093.3
33
1124.0
00
1144.0
00
1177.3
33
1208.0
00
1234.6
67
1254.6
67
1278.6
67
1309.3
33
1342.6
67
1.818
1.818
1.905
2.222
1.609
1.609
1.576
1.905
1.333
1.852
Silty
Sands
Silty
Sands
Silty
Sands
Silty
Sands
Silty
Sands
Silty
Sands
Silty
Sands
Silty
Sands
Silty
Sands
Silty
Sands
1.614
sands
0.952
sands
1.587
sands
1.227
sands
1.026
sands
0.741
sands
0.857
sands
1.057
sands
1.075
sands
20
40
60
80
-5
-10
Kedalaman (m)
-15
-20
-25
-5
-10
Kedalaman (m)
-15
-20
-25
Friction Ratio (%)
EXERCISE NO 4
Pada saat
Pada saat
=3
N1(60)
= N x C e x CR x Cs x
N
N1(60)
N
Pada saat
N
N1(60)
N
Pada saat
N
N1(60)
N
Pada saat
N
N1(60)
N
Pada saat N
v = ( 2 x 1,65 ) + ( 4 x 1,7) + ( 6 x 1,75)
CN
xC
n
2
1+20,6
= 0,093
xC
n
N1(60)
= N x C e x CR x Cs x
Pada saat N = 45
v = ( 2 x 1,65 ) + ( 4 x 1,7) + ( 6 x 1,75) + (2 x 2,1 )
CN
= 1+24,8 = 0,078
xC
n
N1(60)
= N x C e x CR x Cs x
Pada saat
v = ( 2 x 1,65 ) + ( 4 x 1,7) + ( 6 x 1,75) + (4 x 2,1 )
CN
= 1+29 = 0.067
xC
n
N1(60)
= N x C e x CR x Cs x
Pada saat
v = ( 2 x 1,65 ) + ( 4 x 1,7) + ( 6 x 1,75) + (6 x 2,1 )
CN
= 2+33,2 = 0,085
xC
n
N1(60)
= N x C e x CR x Cs x
Pada saat
v = ( 2 x 1,65 ) + ( 4 x 1,7) + ( 6 x 1,75) + (6 x 2,1 ) + ( 2 x 2,1)
CN
= 2+37,4
= 0,076
xC
n
N1(60)
= N x C e x CR x Cs x