Oleh:
1. Temuan komprehensif
i. Tujuan penelitian
bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi akar penyebab masalah dan
merancang strategi dalam mengoptimalkan peran Tanggung jawab
Sosial Perusahaan atau Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dalam
mempercepat pertumbuhan UKM
ii. Hipotesis
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan jalan
mendeskripsikan sejumlah variabel yang berkenaan dengan masalah
dan unit yang diteliti, sehingga tidak ada hipotesis. Penelitian ini
dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi akar penyebab masalah dan
merancang strategi dalam mengoptimalkan peran CSR dalam
mempercepat pertumbuhan UKM.
iii. Metode
Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan
melakukan wawancara mendalam, Diskusi kelompok terarah atau
Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan studi pustaka.
iv. Metode analisis
Analisa menggunakan data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dari
wawancara mendalam kepada orang yang bertanggung jawab di
Badan Perencanaan Daerah, Departemen Daerah Pertambangan dan
Energi, Daerah Departemen Industri dan Perdagangan, Forum CSR,
FGD dan distribusi kuesioner dan studi pustaka serta studi pustaka.
v. Hasil
Terdapat kesenjangan komunikasi timbal balik antar perusahaan,
pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat, program CSR belum berfokus
pada pemberdayaan masyarakat menuju kemandirian ekonomi,
komitmen penegakan dan pengawasan pemerintah daerah masih
rendah, pemahaman masyarakat terhadap CSR masih terbatas, dan
budaya masyarakat cenderung pragmatis, keterlibatan masyarakat
dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) dalam memantau
implementasi program CSR rendah.
2. Critical Review
i. Kepakaran Pengarang
Kepakaran peneliti (Indah Martati, Besse Asniwaty, Suminto, La Bima)
sesuai, keempatnya merupakan doktor dari Departemen Administrasi
Bisnis, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda.
ii. Latar Belakang
Latar belakang dan tujuan penelitian dinyatakan dengan jelas, yakni
ingin meneliti akar penyebab masalah dan merancang strategi dalam
mengoptimalkan peran CSR dalam mempercepat pertumbuhan UKM.
iii. Definisi dan Teori
Definisi dan teori yang digunakan sudah cukup jelas, dan mudah
dipahami oleh pembaca, serta jarang ditemukan istilah langka yang
dapat membingungkan pembaca.
iv. Referensi
Referensi yang digunakan sudah bagus. Pembahasan dikaitkan dengan
literatur yang pernah ada. Dilihat dari kepustakaannya terdapat
beberapa referensi keluaran tahun-tahun baru sehingga informasi yang
disampaikan tergolong terkini.
v. Metode Penelitian
Peneliti sudah melakukan wawancara mendalam yang berada dalam
radius operasi usaha serta pengamatan fokus penelitian yang terdiri
dari perusahaan pertambangan batubara, pemerintah daerah, dan
persepsi masyarakat terhadap pemberdayaan UKM melalui program
CSR tersebut.
vi. Pembahasan dan Penjelasan Hasil
Pembahasan sudah jelas, fokus pada tujuan yang memang
direncanakan di awal yakni strategi yang perlu diambil untuk
mempercepat pertumbuhan UKM.
vii. Tabel dan Gambar
Pembaca diberi tabel mengenai rata-rata persepsi publik terhadap
peran pemerintah daerah, program CSR, dan kondisi internal UKM
sehingga pembaca dapat dengan jelas mengetahui secara kuantitaif
jumlah nyata dari hasil penelitian ini, serta pembaca diberi gambaran
mengenai pola implementasi CSR.
ScienceDirect
Abstract
This studys’ aim is to identify the root cause of problem and design
strategies in optimizing the role of CSR in accelerating SMEs growth. The
data collected through in-dept interview, FGD, questionnaires distribution
and literature study and analyzed by using the descriptive qualitative
method. There were four root cause of problems: no communication
networking; the reluctance of companies; lack of government
commitment; less concern in economic empowerment. The solution were
developing communication patterns; increasing the institution role;
increasing the stakeholders capacity; and sharpening the CSR programs.
© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an
open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 3rd
GCBSS-2015
1877-0428 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article
under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 3rd GCBSS-2015
doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.025
Indah Martati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 493 – 498 494
2. Literature Review
CSR understanding as set forth in the Limited Liability Company Act No. 40
of 2007 Article 74 defines CSR as the company's commitment to participate in
the sustainable economic development to improve the quality of life and
environment is beneficial both for the company itself and the local
communities. According to Kotler and Nancy (2005) CSR is defined as the
company's commitment to improve the welfare of the community through
good business practices and contributes most of company resources. CSR
understanding with regard to the mechanism of self-regulation integrated
company and is closely linked to all the rules, responsibilities, norms, and
ethics in the neighborhood. According to World Bank study year 2002 showed
the role of government in association with CSR include the development of a
healthy market policy, the participation of the resource; political support for
CSR actors; create incentives and improved organizational capabilities. In
Indonesia, which is a government, means the central government or local
government. Therefore, the implementation of CSR programs require the
support of the role of local government, legal certainty, and social order
guarantee (Fox & Howard, 2002).
Indah Martati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 493 – 498 498
3. Research Method
Descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the primary and
secondary data. The descriptive qualitative method to describe the data
about facts, the existing condition, and stakeholder perception about the role
of CSR on SMEs growth around the mine of the region. The primary data was
collected by using in-depth interview to the person in charge at Regional
Board Planning Agency, the Regional department of Mining and Energy,
Regional Department of Industrial and Trade, CSR Forum. Other data
collecting were FGD and questionnaire distribution to the 600 communities
around coal mining area. While the secondary data was collected from library
research. The research focus observation consist of the coal mining
company, local government, and communitiesГ perception toward the SMEs
empowerment through CSR programs.
4. Research Result
Table 1. The average of public perception toward the role of local government, CSR Program,
and the internal condition of SMEs
(Each company has already a strategy and priorities policy of CSR program
annually. The proposing mechanisms such as the people submitted a proposal to the
company through the consultative forum or CSR Forum / Foundation as a mediator to
the company. The proposal will be discussed by the Forum Community in
development planning (Musrembang) which was attended by the company, local
government, and society. Proposals in accordance with the priorities of the
company received. Implementation of CSR in the pattern typically use a combination
approach of bottom-up and top-down, though final decisions tailored to the theme or
priority of CSR owner program. The strength of their bargaining power is still in the
company's CSR program. In general the realization was still not optimal and suitable
with the company’s spirit to create innovation, integrity, care and synergy between
communities, local governments and companies. In general pattern as the
implementation of CSR as illustrated in Figure 1 below.
Indah Martati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 493 – 498 500
The stakeholders of coal mining company is the local government, communities, and
NGOs. Stakeholders monitoring role has not run as expected. The role of local government
in this case represented by the Department of Mining and Energy in monitoring the
implementation of CSR was limited to documents work plan and budget (RKAB). The
monitoring priority focus on mining operation. CSR monitoring was handled by the Section
of Social and Cultural Department of Development Planning Board (Bappeda) in almost
every regency / city in the locus of research. In addition the enforcement of regional
regulation on CSR was not implemented since it enacted two years ago. The role of leaders
and NGOs in monitoring the implementation of CSR coal mines have not seen their work
and tend to be less of a concern. The involvement of community around the mine in the
supervision is still low due to the limited Knowledge and understanding of CSR.
Indah Martati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 493 – 498 501
5. Discussion
From the data analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of CSR
programs of coal mining companies in East Kalimantan were as follows: there
was reciprocal communication gap among the companies, local government
and the community; CSR program has not focused on community
empowerment towards economic independence; commitment of local
government enforcement and supervision was still low; understanding of the
community towards the CSR was still limited, and culture of the society tend to
be pragmatic; The involvement of the public and NGOs in monitoring the
implementation of CSR programs was low. Strategies that need to be taken to
overcome the various problems relating with the CSR implementation programs
were: developing internal and external communication among stakeholder;
improving law enforcement; implementing monitoring and evaluation; and
sharpening the CSR programs to empower the SMEs.
Acknowledgements
References
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People. American Management.
Fox, T., & Howard, B. (2002). Public Sector Roles in Strengthening Corporate
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ScienceDirect
Abstrak
1877-0428 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article
under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 3rd GCBSS-2015
doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.025
Indah Martati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 493 – 498 508
2. Tinjauan Pustaka
Indah Martati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 493 – 498 509
Sesuai dengan UU No. 20 tahun 2008 tentang Usaha Mikro Kecil dan
Menengah, usaha mikro didefinisikan sebagai usaha produktif yang dimiliki
oleh perorangan dan atau entitas yang memenuhi kriteria usaha
Indah Martati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 493 – 498 510
4. Research Result
Table 1. Rata-rata persepsi publik terhadap peran pemerintah daerah, Program CSR,
dan kondisi internal UKM
5. Diskusi
6. Kesimpulan
References
Government of RI. (2009). Mineral and Coal Mining. Indonesian Act Number
4. Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia: State Secretary.
Mineral & Energy, Dept East Kalimantan. (2014). The Final report of
Coordinating and Recording of Coal Production. Samarinda:
Mineral & Energy Departement.
Minister of Finance, RI. (1994, June 27). Decree of The Miniter of Fnance
Number 361/KMK.016/1994. Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia: RI.