PARTNERSHIP
BENTUK MODALITAS DAN PEMAKETAN PROYEK
KEMITRAAN PEMERINTAH & BADAN USAHA
”Kerjasama Pemerintah dan Badan Usaha yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai KPBU adalah
kerjasama antara pemerintah dan Badan Usaha dalam Penyediaan Infrastruktur untuk
kepentingan umum dengan mengacu pada spesifikasi yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya
oleh Menteri/Kepala Lembaga/Kepala Daerah/Badan Usaha Milik Negara/Badan Usaha Milik
Daerah, yang sebagian atau seluruhnya menggunakan sumber daya Badan Usaha dengan
memperhatikan pembagian risiko diantara para pihak.”
SEKILAS PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Karena kegiatan-kegiatan yang meliputi pekerjaan konstruksi untuk membangun atau meningkatkan kemampuan
infrastruktur, kegiatan pengelolaan infrastruktur, dan pemeliharaan infrastruktur dalam rangka meningkatkan
kemanfaatan infrastruktur adalah pekerjaan kompleks yang menjadi tanggungjawab pemerintah dan untuk
pelaksanaannya membutuhkan pihak kedua, yaitu Badan Usaha (Permen PPN No.4 tahun 2015)
Penyediaan infrastruktur harus diusahakan dengan menggunakan dana yang minimum untuk mencapai kualitas yang
maksimum serta memenuhi sasaran dan waktu yang singkat sehingga dibutuhkan Pengadaan Badan Usaha
pelaksanaan KPBU
(Peraturan Kepala LPKP No.19 tahun 2015 Pasal 5)
Ketersediaan infrastruktur yang memadai dan berkesinambungan merupakan kebutuhan yang mendesak dan untuk
mempercepat pembangunan infrastruktur dibutuhkan kerja sama yang baik antara pemerintah dan badan usaha (
Perpres no.38 tahun 2015)
Terdapat 4 sumber pendanaan diluar Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja baik daerah dan
negara, yakni badan usaha milik daerah dan negara, sumber lain yang sah, dan badan
usaha melalui mekanisme KPBU.
Jadi, KPBU merupakan salah satu sumber dana dan solusi keterbatasan
dana pemerintah untuk pembangunan
SEKILAS PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Proyek Penerangan Jalan Umum Kota Surakarta
• Pemerintah Kota membayar IDR 3,6M/bulan (atau setara dengan IDR 44M/tahun) ke
PLN
• Coverage area dan kualitas layanan ingin ditingkatkan
• Assessment awal mengenai kebutuhan investasi untuk revitalisasi PJU menelan biaya IDR
225M
• Anggaran Pendapatan & Belanja Daerah Pemkot Surakarta tahun 2017
• Sisi Pendapatan: IDR 1,7 Trilyun
• Sisi Belanja: IDR 1,8 Trilyun
• Belanja Pegawai (langsung & tidak langsung): IDR 746M
Alternatif hasil kajian pre fs Revitalisasi PJU 2016
MASA KONSESI 5 MASA KONSESI 10
TAHUN TAHUN
ALT. ALT.1 ALT.2 ALT.3 ALT.4 ALT. ALT.1 ALT.2 ALT.3 ALT.4
NILAI INVESTASI (Miliar NILAI INVESTASI (Miliar
Rp) 49.42 185.42 169.34 225.06 Rp) 49.42 185.42 169.34 225.06
TARGET EFISIENSI % 43.52 62.38 74.82 82.69 TARGET EFISIENSI % 43.52 62.38 74.82 82.69
PERIODE KONSESI (TH) 5 5 5 5 PERIODE KONSESI (TH) 10 10 10 10
NPV (Miliar Rp) 6.20 -108.36 -63.40 -107.98 NPV (Miliar Rp) 42.15 -58.84 4.27 -33.62
IRR 0.19 -0.23 -0.09 -1.08 IRR 0.35 #NUM! 0.13 0.08
NET B/C 9.94 -0.82 -1.08 -1.08 NET B/C 2.42 -2.49 41.06 -5.77
Payback Period 3.15 8.58 5.57 6.70 Payback Period 3.15 8.58 5.64 6.80
Kelaikan Laik Tidak Laik Tidak Laik Tidak Laik Kelaikan Laik Tidak Laik Laik Tidak Laik
KETERANGAN:
Alt.1 : Meterisasi
Alt.2 : Meterisasi dan Panel pintar Tipe A
Alt.3 : Materisasi dan LEDisasi
Alt.4 : Meterisasi, LEDisasi, dan Panel Pintar Tipe B
SEKILAS PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Detil Perencanaan dan Pentahapan Pelaksanaan
• Efisiensi maks yang bisa dicapai untuk menyeleksi dipakai angka efisiensi 70%
(baseline)
• Distribusi dan peningkatan pencahayaan merata ke seluruh kota Surakarta sesuai
standar PJU yang ditentukan mencakup 21.222 titik lampu
SEKILAS PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Studi kasus SPAM Umbulan
• PJPK : Pemprov Jatim
• Pemda penerima air : Kab. Pasuruan, Kota Pasuruan, Sidoarjo, Surabaya, Gresik
(asumsi tersedianya air minum bagi ± 1,3 juta jiwa)
• Peran swasta : BOT sistem produksi dan transmisi
• Peran PDAM : sistem distribusi dari off-take sd sambungan rumah
• Peran PDAB : Pengelola sumber air dan pemegang SIPA, aggregator dan off-
taker
• Sistem produksi : kapasitas 4.000 liter/detik
• Sistem transmisi : pembangunan pipa transmisi 93 km
• Sistem off-take : pipa tapping di 16 titik di 5 wilayah kabupaten dan kota
SEKILAS PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Studi kasus SPAM Umbulan
• Estimasti CAPEX : ± 2,05 trilyun (berdasarkan penawaran B.U. Pemenang Lelang)
• Rencana masa konstruksi : 2 tahun sejak tgl. Efektif Perjanjian Kerjasama
• Rencana masa konsesi : 25 tahun sejak COD (commercial operation date)
• IRR Proyek : 12%
• Tarif Air Minum Curah
1. Rp. 2.370/m3 (PPP Company – PDAB)
2. Rp. 2.444/m3 (PDAB – PDAM)
• Besaran dukungan : Rp. 818,01 M (berdasarkan penawaran B.U. Pemenang Lelang)
dalam bentuk Viability Gap Fund
STUDI KASUS TPPAS NAMBO
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
• Bentuk proyek: Tempat Pembuangan dan Pengolahan Akhir Sampah (TPPAS) Regional
Nambo, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
• Salah satu dari tiga TPPAS yang ada di wilayah provinsi Jawa Barat
• Cakupan Wilayah Pelayanan: Kabupaten Bogor, Kota Bogor dan Kota Depok
• Skema kerjasama: BOOT (build, operate, own, transfer)
STUDI KASUS TPPAS NAMBO
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
• Nilai proyek (estimasi 2015): Rp. 600,204 milyar
• Sejarah pengembangan:
1. Dirintis sejak tahun 2002
2. Mendapatkan persetujuan Menteri Kehutanan untuk pinjam pakai kawasan hutan Perum
Perhutani pada tahun 2013 untuk lahan seluas 40 hektar
3. Tambahan area: 15 hektar milik Pemerintah Kabupaten Bogor (desa Nambo, kecamatan
Klapanunggal, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat)
4. Tugas pengelolaan diletakkan kepada Balai Pengelolaan Sampah Regional (BPSR) Jabar (sebagai
unit pelaksana teknis pada Dinas Permukiman dan Perumahan Provinsi Jabar – yang ditetapkan
melalui Pergub no. 113 tahun 2009)
STUDI KASUS TPPAS NAMBO
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
• Dibangun dengan skema Kemitraan Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha
• Kajian dilakukan oleh Jabodetabek Waste Management Corporation (JWMC) diprakarsai
oleh Pemerintah Pusat melalui Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum
• Kontribusi Pemprov Jabar: studi kelayakan, DED, analisis mengenai dampak lingkungan
serta dokumen pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa sekitar lokasi TPPAS
• Badan Usaha Pelaksana: PT Jabar Bersih Lestari
• Per 4 September 2018, pembangunan dimulai dan direncanakan selesai dalam jangka
waktu 18 bulan
• Kapasitas operasi sebanyak 1.800 ton/hari
STUDI KASUS TPPAS NAMBO
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
• Proporsi APBN: pembangunan sanitary landfill dan IPAL
• Proporsi APBD: secara bertahap sesuai dengan alokasi APBD Pemda Provinsi Jawa barat
(pembangunan jalan akses dan jalan operasi, pembangunan pagar dan pintu gerbang)
• Mekanisme pengolahan sampah:
• Teknologi yang dipakai: mechanical biological treatment
• Sampah diolah untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar alternative pengganti batu bara (Refuse
Derived Fuel/RDF)
• RDF biasa digunakan sebagai alternative pengganti batu bara oleh industry semen (PT
Indocement membangun pabrik ke-14 dengan kapasitas 4,4 juta ton di dekat TPPAS
Nambo sebagai upaya pemanfaatan RDF dari TPPAS + mengeluarkan investasi sebesar
IDR 250 milyar untuk membangun akses penghubung)
• Ekspektasi: TPPAS Nambo menghasilkan 500 ton RDF/hari
SEKILAS PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Studi kasus SPAM Semarang Barat
• Estimasti CAPEX : ± 1,2 trilyun (termasuk dukungan dari pemerintah)
• Rencana masa konstruksi : 2 tahun sejak tgl. efektif financial close
• Rencana masa konsesi : 25 tahun sejak COD
• Skema : BOT penyediaan air curah
• Detil proyek : sistem produksi kapasitas 1.000 liter/detik, sistem transmisi
(sepanjang 10,5 km) & reservoir
• Pelanggan (estimasi) : 60.000 sd 70.000 sambungan
MATRIK LINGKUP PROYEK
BENTUK DUKUNGAN PEMERINTAH UNTUK PROYEK KPBU
Kementerian Keuangan:
• Dana Penyiapan Proyek (PT SMI)
PEMERINTAH PUSAT • Viability Gap Fund
• Penjaminan (PT PII)
(Kemenkeu dan
KemenPUPR) Kementerian PUPR:
• Dukungan Teknis (Pipa JDU)
• Perizinan
• Pengadaan lahan
PEMERINTAH KOTA • Kontribusi Jaringan Pipa Sekunder dan
Tersier (Bersama dengan PDAM)
SEMARANG • Pengajuan Perda KPBU
• Perizinan
Dukungan Project
Pembangunan Development Viability
Fisik Facilities Gap
Funding
(VGF)1
Perjanjian
Pem. Kota Semarang Regres
Perjanjian
Payment KPBU
air minum minyak dan gas bumi fasilitas Pendidikan, penelitian &
dan sumber energi pengembangan
sistem pengelolaan air terbarukan
limbah terpusat pemasyarakatan (penitentiary)
kawasan
sistem pengelolaan air perumahan rakyat
limbah setempat ekonomi fasilitas
perkotaan kesehatan
sistem pengelolaan
sampah konservasi energi Fasilitas sarana olahraga, kesenian &
budaya
telekom.info
energi & INFRASTRUKTUR INFRASTRUKTUR
ketenagalistrikan EKONOMI SOSIAL
KEMITRAAN PEMERINTAH-BADAN USAHA
1. kalau 1. ketidakpastian 1. Paradigma baru: kalau
menguntungkan skema proyek layak secara komersial
secara komersial, infrastruktur mengapa tidak
mengapa harus 2. iklim investasi tidak diserahkan saja kepada
diserahkan kepada mendukung swasta swasta
swasta? untuk berkembang 2. Subsidi diberikan secara
2. subsidi lebih baik pesat kompetitif
diberikan kepada 3. layanan publik tidak 3. Kebijakan insentif fiscal
BUMN daripada berkelanjutan diberikan sepenuh hati
swasta ketika anggaran (paradigm baru: kalau
3. kebijakan insentif subsidi tidak lagi tidak diberikan,
merugikan disediakan bagi kerugian justru semakin
keuangan negara BUMN besar karena
opportunity costs
Design-Build-Finance-Operate (DBFO also private private private private private public Start of Contract Government
known as DCMP or DBFM)
Performance Based Contract or Availability private private private private private public End of Contract Government
Payment
Operations & Maintenance (O&M and also public public private private public public Never Government
known as Franchise or Affermage)
Turned-Key Project private private public public private public End of Construction Government
Traditional Procurement (Construction) public private public public public public End of Construction Government
Traditional Procurement (Design) private public public public public public End of Construction Government
PHILIPPINES THAILAND VIETNAM INDONESIA
Laws and Republic Act no. 6957; (1990) BOT Private Participation in State Decision 71/2010/QD-TTg: Presidential Regulation No. 67 of
Law Undertaking Act B.E. 2535 (1992) Promulgating the regulation on pilot 2005: Cooperation between
Regulations Republic Act no. 7718; (1994) to (PPSU Act) this Act has not investment in the public-private Government and Business Entity
for PPP amend No. 6957 to increase been only for PPP but to govern all partnership form Presidential Regulation No. 65 of
variations of BOT kinds of participation for the project Decree No. 24/2011/IND-CP: 2006: Land acquisition for public
Republic Act no. 8974; (2000) to size exceeding 1 billion baht Amending a Number of Articles of projects
implement infrastructure projects Announcement of the Office of the the November 27, 2009 Decree No. Presidential Regulation no. 13 of
Republic Act no. 8975; (2000) to National Economic and Social 108/2009/ND-CP on investment in 2010: Amendment to the
expedite national infrastructure Development Board on the topics the form of Build-Operate-Transfer Presidential Regulation no. 67
projects for the submission of the result of Contract, Build-Transfer-Operate Ministry of Finance Regulation No.
Executive Order No. 8; (2010) to project studies and analyses: Contract, Build-Transfer Contract 38 of 2006: Guidance for controlling
address the national infrastructure specify the topics that shall be Decision no. 412/QD-TTg of 2007: and management of risks
needs covered in the feasibility study to be Stipulate large-sized and important Coordinating Ministry of Economic
The Philippines Congress enacted submitted for project approval projects for economic development Affairs Regulation No. 4 of 2006:
the first BOT law in Asia in 1990, 1st and 2nd Ministerial Regulation Evaluation methodology for PPP
and it institutionalized private sector B.E. 2537 (1994) issued pursuant infrastructure projects that require
participation in infrastructure and to the B.E. 2535 (1992) on government support
development projects procedure and detail of bidding
process: detail the procedure to
develop an invitation for private
participation, required topics for the
Private Sector’s proposals,
invitation method, selection
procedure which is required to be
conducted through bidding and the
determination of bid security or
performance security
PHILIPPINES THAILAND VIETNAM INDONESIA
Governmental Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) SEPO (State Enterprise Policy Ministry of Planning and Investment BAPPENAS (National Development
Centre Office) (MPI) Planning Agency)
Organizations National Economic and Ministry of Finance
for promoting Development Authority (NEDA) MPI is not the organization only for BAPPENAS is not the organization
PPP The government is considering to PPP but serve for all investment only for PPP, but serve for all
The executive order no. 8 by set up the central PPP Unit. and established Inter-Sector investment. Recent Presidential
President Aquino in September However, at this stage Ministry of Working Team composed of other Decree set the BKPM (Investment
2010 renamed the existing Build- Finance proposes that the State ministries, such as Finance, Coordinating Agency) and
Operate-Transfer (BOT) Centre as Enterprise Policy Office act as Justice, Industry and Trade, BAPPENAS as a front office and a
the Public-Private-Partnership central PPP secretary office. The Transport, Construction, the State back office respectively).
(PPP) Centre and transferred it scope of work are the same as PPP Bank of Vietnam BAPPENAS also serve a
from the Department of Trade and unit in other countries. This secretariat for P3CU (Public-Private
Industry (DTI) to the National proposal is included in the Draft Partnership Central Unit): as a
Economic Development Authority new Act which has got in principle working team that supports KKPPI
(NEDA) to address the Philippines approval by the former Cabinet (National Committee for
infrastructure needs Acceleration of Infrastructure
Development) to promote PPP.
PHILIPPINES THAILAND VIETNAM INDONESIA
Project There has been a small PDF in the To be included in the Draft new Act There has not been the fund acting PT SMI was set up with the fund of
BOT Centre but not fully utilized as PDF shall be set up under the as PDF so far about US$200 million for the
Development due to the size of the fund. The Ministry of Finance to support the purpose of Advisory Service,
Fund government together with various development of PPP strategic plan Feasibility Study and Socialization
multilateral organizations are and project feasibility study and the to investors
working on establishing the project development process. The
Philippines Infrastructure fund shall be managed by the Fund
Development Fund to provide a committee and fund manager.
long-term fund structure to sustain
and further promote PPP in the
country
Government Case by case approach but no Case by case approach Case by case approach IIGF (Indonesia Infrastructure
guarantee for unsolicited projects Guarantee Fund)
Guarantees
(for long term
funding)
PHILIPPINES THAILAND VIETNAM INDONESIA
Foreign 1987 Constitutions describe the Thai citizens are allowed to own In Vietnam, land is public property. Right to own land is limited to
nationality limitations on land immovable assets while foreigners Thus only Vietnamese citizens are Indonesian Citizens only, except
Ownership for ownership, so that a corporation are able to obtain ownership for entitled to have land use rights (not certain legal entities approved by
land and can only own private land if it is land and buildings under conditions ownership). the Indonesian Government (FDI
buildings 60% Philippino-owned. However, it specify in the Land Law, Private, Foreign investors cannot get land companies are not included).
cannot own public land and can Commonly-owned Housing Act, use rights. Instead, they can use Most of Foreign companies hold the
only hold the same by way of lease Investment Promotion Act and land by lease from the Government HGB (Right to Use building) to
Industrial Estate Authority of construct and own buildings on land
Thailand Act allowed only for (i) Indonesian
citizens and (ii) legal entities
established under the Indonesian
law and domiciled in Indonesia
Land DPWH (Department of Public There are three main laws govern According to Decision 71, Chapter Indonesian government is in the
Works and Housing) has the land acquisition: 6 Article 34: The provincial committee’s process of decreeing Land
Acquisition allocations for public project, • The Constitution of the Kingdom of people will be responsible for site Acquisition Bill that regulates the
(LA) support including the allocation for land Thailand B.E. 2550 (2007) clearance and for completing procedures process more effectively – expected
• Expropriation of Immovable Property for allocation or lease of land to implement
by acquisition. But sometime the total Act B.E. 2530 (1987) the project in accordance with law and the
to pass by the end of 2011.
amount is not enough to cover it all.
government • Procurement of Immovable property for
public transportation affair Act B.E.
conditions for land use.
As part of the investment incentives
2540 (1997): for the use of immovable granted by the Government, the
property without transferring of
ownerships
private investor shall be exempt
• The Government has responsibility to from land use fee for the allocated
acquire the land for the project. The area by the state or shall be
pricing is determined by the committee, exempted from land rent for the
set up for each project, based on the project duration.
prices, such as market price, location,
value.
PHILIPPINES THAILAND VIETNAM INDONESIA
Project Under Republic Act 7718 and its Project identification and approval Detailed procedure is stipulated in PPP project screening and
IRR, the implementing agency/local process will be revised and Decision 71 Chapter 3 – to be identification is first done by the
Process and government units (As/LGUs) can included in the new Act. The main invested in the PPP form, a project Contracting Agency.
Guidelines implement their PPP/BOT projects steps in the latest draft Act are: must satisfy any of the following In the PPP Implementation
through any of the following 1. The government will develop a criteria: Guideline from P3CU/BAPPENAS,
implementation modes: strategic plan to identify projects 1. Being important and large-sized and a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) is
1. Public Bidding (Solicited Mode) that suitable for PPP urgently required for economic being promoted to evaluate the
development under the Prime
The A/LGU chooses to procure procurement in each sector Minister’s Decision No. 412/QD-TTg of
potential projects. MCA will create
their priority infrastructure and 2. Project Agency conduct April 11, 2007 an aggregate score from factors
development projects through Feasibility Study covering VfM 2. Being capable of refunding capital to such as priority of the CA, financial
transparent and competitive calculation, risk allocation, etc. the investor from reasonable revenues feasibility, economic feasibility,
public bidding process. The to submit to the central PPP and collected from users socio-environment impact, and
3. Being capable of tapping technological
A/LGU requests for bid for its the approval committee advantages and management and
requirement for government
priority infrastructure projects, 3. Project Agency set up operation experience and effectively support and so on. P3CU will then
approved by the approving committee to consider bidding utilizing the financial capacity of the compile the projects proposed by
body, from project proponents document and select Private private sector the CA and make the final list of
that are pre-qualified through Sector before submitting to 4. Other criteria as decided by the Prime projects prepared for PPP.
Minister
the bidding process central PPP and the approval
For the project to be included in the
2. Unsolicited Mode committee to approve
project list, the competent state
The A/LGU may accept 4. SEPO is to draft a PPP
agencies shall send project
unsolicited proposal from project guideline. The standard bid
proposal to the MPI for
proponent to undertake projects documents may be presented in
summarization
on a negotiated basis the new Guideline
PHILIPPINES THAILAND VIETNAM INDONESIA
Project Lists PPP Brochure MPI Released Priority Project List PPP Book
Unsolicited Private sector can propose the Private Sector can propose the Private Sector can propose projects Private Sector can propose projects
projects to the government but investment plan or proposal to to the Authorized state body but to the implementing agencies or
Proposal subject to swiss challenge and no participate in the project that is in bidding is required and any special local government but bidding is
public guarantee will be provided. PPP Strategic Plan. The detail of arrangement for the investor is not required and no incentives could be
When the contract (project) is procedure, conditions and criteria provided in Decision 71 provided
awarded to a competitor which for unsolicited project shall be
submits a lower price than the prescribed by the new PPP
original proponent, then the winner Committee
have to reimburse the development
cost of the proposal to the original
proponent
Apa dan Bagaimana KPBU
SOLICITED PROJECT(S) UNSOLICITED PROJECT(S)
(Sumber: Yescombe, E.R. 2007. Public-Private Partnership: Principles of Policy and Finance)
TYPICAL PPP PROCESS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Waktu Waktu
Konstruks Operasi
Konstruksi Operasi
i
Apa dan Bagaimana KPBU
ASPEK PENGATURAN
Pasal 6, pasal 7, pasal 8 & pasal 9
Pengembalian Investasi Badan Usaha 1. Pembayaran oleh pengguna dalam bentuk tarif (user charge)
2. Pembayaran ketersediaan layanan (availability payment)
3. Bentuk lain sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan perundang-undangan
1. Tahapan perencanaan
Tahapan 2. Tahapan penyiapan
3. Tahapan transaksi
PENDEKATAN ALTERNATIF PENYEDIAAN
INFRASTRUKTUR AIR BERSIH & SANITASI
characteristics O&M contract Lease contract BOT concession Full utility Asset Sale
concession
Time Horizon 2 – 5 years 10 years 10 – 20 years 20 – 30 years In perpetuity
Ownership of facility Public Public Public Public Private
Operational Responsibility Private Private Private Private Private
Investment Responsibility Public Public Private Private Private
Nature of Customer Government Retail customer Government Retail customer Retail customer
Revenue Stream Fixed Fee for Subject to market Contracted Subject to market Subject to market
service risk payments due risk risk
after construction