PERHITUNGAN

PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN BETON PRATEGANG

MATA KULIAH BETON PRATEGANG

Dosen
Ir. Indartono Rivai MM.

Disusun Oleh :
SUPRIADI NIM : 2015731150037
SYABILA MAHEDAR NIM : 2015731150038

JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL

FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN PERENCANAAN
UNIVERSITAS JAYABAYA
2019
 UNIVERSITAS JAYABAYA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN PERENCANAAN
JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL
PROGRAM S-1

NAMA : SUPRIADI NIM : 2015731150037

: SYABILA MAHEDAR NIM : 2015731150038
MATA KULIAH : REKAYASA JEMBATAN
DOSEN PENGAJAR : IR. INDARTONO RIVAI MM.

LEMBAR ASISTENSI

No TANGGAL U R A I A N PARAF
ANG
PARAF
 TUGAS BESAR
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN BETON PRATEGA

MATA KULIAH BETON PRATEGANG

Dosen
Ir. Indartono Rivai MM.

Disusun Oleh :
DIDIK AHMADI NIM :
IBNU FUAD NIM :
JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL
FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN PERENCANAAN
UNIVERSITAS JAYABAYA
 UNIVERSITAS JAYABAYA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN PERENCANAAN
JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL
PROGRAM S-1
NAMA : DIDIK AHMADI NIM :
: IBNU FUAD NIM :
MATA KULIAH : REKAYASA JEMBATAN
DOSEN PENGAJAR : IR. INDARTONO RIVAI MM.

LEMBAR ASISTENSI

No. TANGGAL U R A I A N
AR
BETON PRATEGANG

RATEGANG

MM.

2015731150037
2015731150038
SIPIL
PERENCANAAN
BAYA
AYABAYA
N PERENCANAAN
K SIPIL
-1
2015731150037
2015731150038

NSI

A N PARAF
 TUGAS BETON PRATEGANG
Diketahui :
Lebar Jembatan = 2 jalur.
Lebar Trotoar = 1.25 m
Bentang Jembatan = 32 m
Lantai kendaraan memakai Beton K = 275 U = 37
Mutu beton & baja gelagar/glinder ditentukan sendiri.
Pakai peraturan jembatan jalan raya Bhina Marga 1989
Hal-hal lain ditentukan sendiri

Ditanya :
Rencanakan Jembatan Prategang tersebut
 DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI
BAB. I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Peraturan yang dipakai Dalam Perhitungan
1.2. Sketsa Jembatan Jalan Raya Dari Beton Pratekan

BAB. II PERHITUNGAN LANTAI KENDARAAN

2.1. Tegangan yang Diijinkan
2.2. Penetapan Dimensi
2.3. Pembebanan
2.4. Perhitungan Mekanika Teknik
2.5. Penulangan / Pembesian

BAB. III PERHITUNGAN BETON PRATEGANG

3.1. Tegangan Yang Diijinkan
3.2 Penetapan Dimensi Balok
3.3. Pembebanan

BAB. IV PERHITUNGAN GARIS PENGARUH

4.1. Perhitungan Garis Pengaruh

BAB. V. MENCARI DAERAH AMAN

5.1. Mencari Diagram Aman

BAB. VI. LOSS OF PRESTRESS SISTEM POST TENSION

6.1. Immediate Loss Of Prestress
6.2. Defret Loss Of Prestress

BAB. VII. PERHITUNGAN PERLETAKAN

7.1. Gaya Horizontal Akibat Gaya Rem
7.2. Gaya Horizontal Akibat Gaya Gempa

BAB. VIII. PRESTRESS SYSTEM

8.1. Prestress System
DAFTAR ISI

1
1

2
2
2
3
3

5
5
5

12

18
19

23
23

24
 BAB I
PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Peraturan-peraturan yang dipakai dalam perhitungan

a. Peraturan Muatan Jembatan Jalan Raya 1989

b. Peraturan Beton Bertulang Indonesia 1971
c. Peraturan Lentur Cara - N
d. Perhitungan Mekanika Teknik

1.2. Sketsa jembatan jalan raya dari beton pratekan

● Potongan Melintang

1.25
3,75 m

2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m

10,5 m

● Perletakan Potongan Memanjang

32 m

● Potongan Pada Pier

Plat lantai

Girder (balok prategang)

Pier (kolom berlengan)

Pier (kepala tiang)

Tiang pancang
 BAB II

PERHITUNGAN LANTAI KENDARAAN

2.1. Tegangan yang diijinkan

- Beton K. 500 (Prategang) fc' = 500 kg/cm2

= 500 x 9.807 x 0.01 = 49.035

- Beton K. 275 (Lantai) fc' = 275 kg/cm2

= 275 x 9.807 x 0.01 26.969
- Baja U. 37 fy = 3700 kg/cm2
= 3700 x 9.807 x 0.01 = 362.859
2.2. Penetapan Dimensi

- Aspal dengan tebal rata-rata = 10.00 cm

- Lantai kendaraan beton bertulang = 25.00 cm

- Decking beton = 2.50 cm

2.3. Pembebanan

2.3.1. Beban Mati / Dead Load

BJ Beton Pratekan = 2400 kg/m3

BJ Aspal = 2200 kg/m3
- Berat Aspal = 0.10 x 2.20 ton/m3 = 0.220 ton/m2
- Berat Lantai = 0.25 x 2.40 ton/m3 = 0.600 ton/m2

q DL = 0.820 ton/m

2.3.2. Beban Hidup / Live Load

Menurut peraturan Bina Marga No. 12/1987 untuk perhitungan lantai kendaraan

jembatan harus digunakan muatan T sebesar 10 ton.

Muatan T = 10 ton

50 cm 20 cm

bf bf

bf = 50 + 2 ( d1 + d2 ) bf = 20 + 2 ( d1 + d2 )
= 50 + 2 ( 10.0 + 25 ) = 20 + 2( 10 + 25
= 120 = 1.20 m = 90 cm = 0.90 m

Muatan T bekerja seluas = 1.20 x 0.90 = 1.080 m2

 Jadi q LL = 10 / 1.080 = 9.259 ton/m2

2.3.3. Muatan Total

q total = q DL + q LL = 0.820 + 9.259 = 10.079 ton/m2

2.4. Perhitungan Mekanika Teknik

Diambil L stroke = Lebar = 1m

q total = 10.079 ton/m2

A 2.5 m B 2.5 m C 2.5 m D

Mo = 1 / 12 . q total . l² = 0.0833 x 10.07926 x 2.5 2

= 5.250 ton.m

A B C D

AB BA BC CB CD DC

K 1 1 1 1 1 1
DF 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1
Mo 5.250 -5.250 5.250 -5.250 5.250 -5.250
-5.250 2.625 -2.625 5.250
-1.312 -1.312 1.312 1.312
0.656 -0.656
-0.328 -0.328 0.328 0.328
0.164 -0.164
-0.082 -0.082 0.082 0.082
0.041 -0.041
-0.021 -0.021 0.021 0.021
0.010 -0.010
-0.005 -0.005 0.005 0.005

M 0.000 -4.373 4.373 -4.373 4.373 0.000

2.5. Penulangan/Pembesian

Momen Tumpuan (Mt) :

Mt = 4.373 ton.m

Mn = 4.373 / 0.8 = 5 ton.m = 546621.2 kg.cm

Gambar Penampang Plat

d = 22.5 cm

25 cm

dc = 2.5 cm

Mn = As x fy ( d - a/2 )

dimana ( d - a/2 ) = 0,9 d, maka :

Mn = As x fy x 0,9 d

As = Mn / (fy x 0,9 d) = 546621.2 / ( 3700 x 0,9 x 22.5 ) = 7.296

Checking untuk fc' = 26.969 Mpa < 30 Mpa , maka β1 = 0.85

0.85 x β1 x fc' 600

ρb = x
fy 600 + fy

0.85 x 0.85 x 26.969 600

= x
362.859 600 + 362.859

= 0.05369932 x 0.623144 = 0.03346

ρmaks = 0,75 x ρb = 0.75 x 0.0335 = 0.0251

ρmin = 1,4 / fy = 1, 4 / 362.859 = 0.0039

Digunakan tulangan D 16 - 175 Tulangan Tumpuan

As aktual = ( 100 . 1/4 π 1.6 2

) / 18

= 11.483 cm2 > 7.296 cm2 OK

ρ = As aktual /(b.d) = 11.483 / ( 100 x 22.5 ) = 0.0051

Syarat : ρmin < ρ < ρmaks

0.0039 < 0.0051 < 0.0251 OK

a = ( As aktual x fy ) / ( 0,85 x fc' x b )

= ( 11.4834 x 362.859 )/( 0.85 x 26.969 x 100 = 1.82 cm

Mn = As aktual x fy ( d - a/2) = 11.483 x 3700 ( 22.5 - 0.91 )

= 917379.6336 kg.cm

Syarat : Mn > Mn rencana

917,379.63 > 546,621.20 OK

Momen Lapangan (ML) :

ML = ( 1/8 . q total . L2 ) - ( 1/2 Mt )

= ( 1/8 . 10 . 2.5 2
)-( 1/2 . 4.373 )

= 5.68794 ton.m = 568,793.65 kg.cm

Mn = 568,793.65 / 0.8 = 710,992.06 kg.cm

As = Mn / ( fy. 0,9 d ) = 710,992.06 / ( 3700 x 0.90 x 23 )

= 9.489 cm2

Digunakan tulangan D 16 - 125 Tulangan Lapangan

As aktual = ( 100 . 1/4 π 1.6 2

) / 12.5

= 16.1 cm2 > 9.489 cm2 OK

ρ = As aktual /(b.d) = 16.077 / ( 100 . 22.5 ) = 0.007

Syarat : ρmin < ρ < ρmaks

0.004 < 0.007 < 0.0251 OK

a = ( As aktual . fy ) / ( 0,85 . fc' . b )

= ( 16.0768 . 362.859 )/( 1 . 26.969 . 100 )= 2.545 cm

XLP
Mn = As aktual x fy ( d - a/2) = 16.077 x 3700 ( 22.5 - 1.27 )

= 1,262,706.64 kg.cm

Syarat : Mn > Mn rencana

1,262,706.64 > 710,992.06 OK

Tulangan Pembagi

Tulangan Pembagi = 20% Momen Tumpuan

= 0.2 x 4.3730

= 0.8746 ton.m = 87,459 kg.cm

Mn = 87,459 / 0.8 = 109,324.24 kg.cm

As = Mn / ( fy. 0,9 d ) = 109,324.24 / ( 3700 x 0.9 x 23 ) = 1.4591

Digunakan tulangan D 10 - 200 Tulangan Pembagi

As aktual = ( 100 . 1/4 π x 1.0 2

) / 20

= 3.925 cm2 > 1.4591 cm2 OK

 Mpa

Mpa

Mpa

ton/m2
ton/m2

ton/m2

d2 )
)
D
cm2
cm2
 BAB III
PERHITUNGAN BETON PRATEGANG

3.1. Tegangan yang diijinkan

Balok beton prategang

σb = 0.83 . σb = 0.83 x 500 = 415.00 kg/cm2

σb = 0.95 . σb = 0.95 x 500 = 21.24 kg/cm2

Baja prategang dalam keadaan awal :

σau = 0.67 x σPU = 0.67 x 17500 = 11725 kg/cm2

3.2. Penetapan dimensi balok

L = 32 m

hc = 140 cm hc syarat L/20 sd. L/25

hc = 1.4 m = 23 L
= 140 cm

3.3. Pembebanan

Akibat berat lantai

2.5 m

2.5 m 2.5 m 2.5 m

q total = q DL . l = 0.820 x 2.5 = 2.05 ton/m

2.5 m
Akibat muatan hidup

- Muatan merata

Untuk tiap lebar 1 lajur = 2,75 m dan 30< L < 60 m digunakan

P = 2.20 - ( 1,1 / 60 ) ( L - 30 )
= 2.20 - ( 1,1 / 60 ) ( 32 - 30 )
= 2.163 t/m
Pxs 2.163333 x 2.5
maka beban merata P' = = = 2.0 t/m
2,75 2.75
 - Muatan garis
untuk tiap lebar 1 lajur = 3,75 m memikul beban hidup P = 12 ton

20 20
Faktor kejut K = 1 + = 1 + = 1.2439
50 + L 50 + 32

PxsxK
maka beban garis P" =
2,75

12 x 2.5 x 1.2439
= = 13.6 ton
2.75
Akibat berat sendiri

BJ Beton = 2.4 ton/m3

Faktor reduksi untuk lenturan = 0.9

q = 2.4 x 2.5 x 0.9 = 5.4 ton/m

32 m

Fo = 2816 ton Fo = 2816

 BAB IV
PERHITUNGAN GARIS PENGARUH MOMEN

x P= 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
16 @ 2m = 32

Mencari tinggi maksimum (Mx = Y)

Rumus yang dipakai Y = X ( L - x ) / L , didapat dari
∑ MB = 0
Ra x L - P ( L - x ) = 0
Ra = P ( L - x ) / L

Mx = Ra . x - P . x . ( L - x ) / L
Mx = ( L - x ) x (x / L)
Jika P = 1 Maka Mx = 1 * X ( L - X ) / L

No x L-x Y
1 2 30 1.875
2 4 28 3.500
3 6 26 4.875
4 8 24 6.000
5 10 22 6.875
6 12 20 7.500
7 14 18 7.875
8 16 16 8.000
9 18 14 7.875
10 20 12 7.500
11 22 10 6.875
12 24 8 6.000
13 26 6 4.875
14 28 4 3.500
15 30 2 1.875
16 32 0 0.000

Menghitung Luas G.P

Li = 1/2 * L * Yi

No Y L
1 Y1 = 1.88 30.00
2 Y2 = 3.50 56.00
3 Y3 = 4.88 78.00
4 Y4 = 6.00 96.00
5 Y5 = 6.88 110.00
6 Y6 = 7.50 120.00
7 Y7 = 7.88 126.00
8 Y8 = 8.00 128.00
9 Y9 = 7.88 126.00
10 Y10 = 7.50 120.00
11 Y11 = 6.88 110.00
12 Y12 = 6.00 96.00
13 Y13 = 4.88 78.00
14 Y14 = 3.50 56.00
15 Y15 = 1.88 30.00
16 Y16 = 0.00 0.00
x P= 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

GP1
1.88

GP2

3.50

GP3

4.88

GP4

6.00

GP5

6.88

GP6

7.50

GP7

7.88
GP8

8.00

GP9

7.88

GP10

7.50

GP11

6.88

GP12

6.00
GP13

0.00 0.00 4.88

GP14

3.50

GP15

1.88

GP16

0.00
16
0.00
 BAB V
MENCARI DIAGRAM AMAN

I
1
60
I
2 3 32 m
60
Ca
No Ac Y Ac . Y Ac . Y2
240
4 Y1 1 7200 210.00 1,512,000 317,520,000
Y2 Y3 2 600 160.00 96,000 15,360,000
120
Cb Y4 3 600 160.00 96,000 15,360,000
4 14400 90.00 1,296,000 116,640,000
Σ 22800 3,000,000 464,880,000
20 80 20
###

Y = ( Σ Ac x Yi ) / ( Σ Ac ) = 3,000,000 / 22,800 = 131.58 cm Y

I = Σ I + Σ Ac x Y - (Σ Ac x Y )
2 2
Ca
= 41,280,000.0 + 464,880,000.0 - ( 22,800 x 131.58 2
)
= 111423157.89 cm4

Ka = I / ( Ac x Cb ) = 111,423,157.89 / ( 22,800 x 131.58 )= 37.14

Kb = I / ( Ac x Ca ) = 111,423,157.89 / ( 22,800 x 108.42 )= 45.07

32 m

Berat Sendiri q = 5.40 ton/m

Beban Mati / Dead Load q = 2.05 ton/m

Beban Hidup / Live Load

x P = 13.57 ton
q = 1.97 ton/m

Ambil asumsi Loss of Prestress 32.5%

Fo

f
Fo = 2816 ton
F = ( 100 - 32.5 )% x Fo
= 67.5 % x 2816
= 1,901 ton

Rumus yang dipakai dalam perhitungan dibawah adalah sebagai berikut :

MDL = Ra . x - 1/2 . q . x2
MLL = ( Luas . q ) + ( Y . P )
MBS = Ra . x - 1/2 . q . x2

Dimana : Ra untuk MDL = 1/2.q .L = 0.50 x 2.050 x 32 = 32.80 ton

Ra untuk MBS = 1/2.q .L = 0.50 x 5.400 x 32 = 86.4 ton

a1 a2
Ttk x L-x MDL MLL MBS MTotal
MBS/Fo MTotal/F
A 0 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 2 30 61.50 84.44 162.00 307.94 5.75 16.20
2 4 28 114.80 157.63 302.40 574.83 10.74 30.24
3 6 26 159.90 219.55 421.20 800.65 14.96 42.12
4 8 24 196.80 270.22 518.40 985.42 18.41 51.84
5 10 22 225.50 309.63 594.00 1129.13 21.09 59.40
6 12 20 246.00 337.77 648.00 1231.77 23.01 64.80
7 14 18 258.30 354.66 680.40 1293.36 24.16 68.04
8 16 16 262.40 360.29 691.20 1313.89 24.55 69.12
9 18 14 258.30 354.66 680.40 1293.36 24.16 68.04
10 20 12 246.00 337.77 648.00 1231.77 23.01 64.80
11 22 10 225.50 309.63 594.00 1129.13 21.09 59.40
12 24 8 196.80 270.22 518.40 985.42 18.41 51.84
13 26 6 159.90 219.55 421.20 800.65 14.96 42.12
14 28 4 114.80 157.63 302.40 574.83 10.74 30.24
15 30 2 61.50 84.44 162.00 307.94 5.75 16.20
16 32 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gambar daerah aman terlampir

Fo = 2816 ton = 2,816,000 kg

F = 1900.8 ton = 1,900,800 kg
A = Fo / σau = 2,816,000 / 11,725 = 240.17 cm

Dipakai statis 12,5" dengan At = 11.16 cm2 ( TY. Lin, Hal 570 )

Jumlah tendon yang diperlukan = 240.17 / 11.16 = 21.52066 ~

ql = ( 8 x Fo x h ) / L2 =( 8 x 2816 x 1.25 ) / 32 2
= 27.5 ton/m
q2 = ( 8 x F x h ) / L2 =( 8 x 1901 x 1.25 ) / 32 2
= 18.56 ton/m

Mencari C - line akibat prestress

a. Pada keadaan awal
ql = 27.5 ton/m
RA= ( q x L) / 2 =( 27.50 x 32 )/ 2 = 440.00 ton

b. Pada keadaan akhir

q2 = 18.56 ton/m
RA= ( q x L) / 2 = ( 18.5625 x 32 )/ 2= 297.00 ton
c. Rumus Momen Prestress
MPrestress (MP) = ( RA x X ) - ( 1/2 x q x X2 )

Letak kabel prestress didasarkan persamaan parabola

Y = [ 4 . f . X . ( L - X )] / L2 f diambil = 85 cm = 0.85 m

f = 85 cm

32

No. L L2 X L-X f Y
A 32 1024 0 32 85 0.000
1 32 1024 2 30 85 19.922
2 32 1024 4 28 85 37.188
3 32 1024 6 26 85 51.797
4 32 1024 8 24 85 63.750
5 32 1024 10 22 85 73.047
6 32 1024 12 20 85 79.688
7 32 1024 14 18 85 83.672
8 32 1024 16 16 85 85.000
9 32 1024 18 14 85 83.672
10 32 1024 20 12 85 79.688
11 32 1024 22 10 85 73.047
12 32 1024 24 8 85 63.750
13 32 1024 26 6 85 51.797
14 32 1024 28 4 85 37.188
15 32 1024 30 2 85 19.922
16 32 1024 32 0 85 0.000
Tabel C-Line akibat Press Stress

Ttk X L-X M1 M2 C1 (Awal) Kedaan Awal

Ttk (Kedaan Awal) (Keadaan Akhir) M1/Fo M2/F
A 0 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 2 30 -825.00 -556.88 -29.30 -29.30
2 4 28 -1540.00 -1039.50 -54.69 -54.69
3 6 26 -2145.00 -1447.88 -76.17 -76.17
4 8 24 -2640.00 -1782.00 -93.75 -93.75
5 10 22 -3025.00 -2041.88 -107.42 -107.42
6 12 20 -3300.00 -2227.50 -117.19 -117.19
7 14 18 -3465.00 -2338.88 -123.05 -123.05
8 16 16 -3520.00 -2376.00 -125.00 -125.00
9 18 14 -3465.00 -2338.88 -123.05 -123.05
10 20 12 -3300.00 -2227.50 -117.19 -117.19
11 22 10 -3025.00 -2041.88 -107.42 -107.42
12 24 8 -2640.00 -1782.00 -93.75 -93.75
13 26 6 -2145.00 -1447.88 -76.17 -76.17
14 28 4 -1540.00 -1039.50 -54.69 -54.69
15 30 2 -825.00 -556.88 -29.30 -29.30
16 32 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pengecekan tegangan yang terjadi pada keadaan awal

Ttk MBS Mp (Awal) ΔM ΔM.Ya/I ΔM.Yb/I - Fo/Ac σ top σ botto

Ttk (ton.m) (ton.m) (ton.m) (kg/cm ) 2
(kg/cm ) 2
(kg/cm )2
(kg/cm ) 2
(kg/cm
A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 162.00 -825.00 -663.00 -64.51 -78.29 -123.51 -188.02 -45.22
2 302.40 -1540.00 -1237.60 -120.43 -146.15 -123.51 -243.93 22.64
3 421.20 -2145.00 -1723.80 -167.74 -203.56 -123.51 -291.24 80.05
4 518.40 -2640.00 -2121.60 -206.44 -250.54 -123.51 -329.95 127.0
5 594.00 -3025.00 -2431.00 -236.55 -287.08 -123.51 -360.06 163.5
6 648.00 -3300.00 -2652.00 -258.05 -313.17 -123.51 -381.56 189.6
7 680.40 -3465.00 -2784.60 -270.96 -328.83 -123.51 -394.47 205.3
8 691.20 -3520.00 -2828.80 -275.26 -334.05 -123.51 -398.77 210.5
9 680.40 -3465.00 -2784.60 -270.96 -328.83 -123.51 -394.47 205.3
10 648.00 -3300.00 -2652.00 -258.05 -313.17 -123.51 -381.56 189.6
11 594.00 -3025.00 -2431.00 -236.55 -287.08 -123.51 -360.06 163.5
12 518.40 -2640.00 -2121.60 -206.44 -250.54 -123.51 -329.95 127.0
13 421.20 -2145.00 -1723.80 -167.74 -203.56 -123.51 -291.24 80.05
14 302.40 -1540.00 -1237.60 -120.43 -146.15 -123.51 -243.93 22.64
15 162.00 -825.00 -663.00 -64.51 -78.29 -123.51 -188.02 -45.22
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -123.51 -123.51 -123.5

Keterangan :
- ΣAc = 22800 cm2
- I = 111423157.89 cm4
- Y A = Ca = 108.42 cm
- YB = Cb = 131.58 cm

Syarat σmax < σb' -398.8 kg/cm2 < 415 kg/cm2 Ok

Rumus yang dipakai :
- Fo DM.Ya - Fo DM.Yb
σ top = - σ bottom = +
Ac I Ac I
Pengecekan tegangan yang terjadi pada keadaan akhir

Ttk MTotal M2 (Akhir) ΔM ΔM.Ya/I ΔM.Yb/I F/Ac σ top σ botto

Ttk (ton.m) (ton.m) (ton.m) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm
A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 307.94 -556.88 -248.93 -24.22 -29.40 83.37 107.59 -112.7
2 574.83 -1039.50 -464.67 -45.22 -54.87 83.37 128.58 -138.2
3 800.65 -1447.88 -647.22 -62.98 -76.43 83.37 146.35 -159.8
4 985.42 -1782.00 -796.58 -77.51 -94.07 83.37 160.88 -177.4
5 1129.13 -2041.88 -912.75 -88.82 -107.79 83.37 172.18 -191.1
6 1231.77 -2227.50 -995.73 -96.89 -117.58 83.37 180.26 -200.9
7 1293.36 -2338.88 -1045.51 -101.73 -123.46 83.37 185.10 -206.8
8 1313.89 -2376.00 -1062.11 -103.35 -125.42 83.37 186.72 -208.7
9 1293.36 -2338.88 -1045.51 -101.73 -123.46 83.37 185.10 -206.8
10 1231.77 -2227.50 -995.73 -96.89 -117.58 83.37 180.26 -200.9
11 1129.13 -2041.88 -912.75 -88.82 -107.79 83.37 172.18 -191.1
12 985.42 -1782.00 -796.58 -77.51 -94.07 83.37 160.88 -177.4
13 800.65 -1447.88 -647.22 -62.98 -76.43 83.37 146.35 -159.8
14 574.83 -1039.50 -464.67 -45.22 -54.87 83.37 128.58 -138.2
15 307.94 -556.88 -248.93 -24.22 -29.40 83.37 107.59 -112.7
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.37 83.37 -83.37

Syarat : σmax < σb' -208.79 kg/cm2 < 415.00 kg/cm2 OK

Rumus yang dipakai :

F DM.Ya Fo DM.Yb
σtop = - + σbottom =- -
Ac I Ac I
 Ac . Y2 I
317,520,000 2,160,000
15,360,000 120,000
15,360,000 120,000
116,640,000 38,880,000
464,880,000 41,280,000

= Cb
= 108.4

37.14 cm
45.07 cm
c.g.c
 a3
MBS/F
0.00
8.52
15.91
22.16
27.27
31.25
34.09
35.80
36.36
35.80
34.09
31.25
27.27
22.16
15.91
8.52
0.00

22 unit
σ bottom
(kg/cm2)
0.00
-45.22
22.64
80.05
127.03
163.57
189.66
205.32
210.54
205.32
189.66
163.57
127.03
80.05
22.64
-45.22
-123.51
σ bottom
(kg/cm2)
0.00
-112.76
-138.24
-159.80
-177.44
-191.15
-200.95
-206.83
-208.79
-206.83
-200.95
-191.15
-177.44
-159.80
-138.24
-112.76
-83.37
 BAB VI
LOSS OF PRESTRESS SYSTEM POST TENSION

6.1. Immediate Loss of Prestress

6.1.1. Elastic deformation of concrete

Fo = n. Fo
ES = Ea x δ = Ea x
Ac x Ec Ac
Dimana :

Ec = 16000 . fc' = 16000 . 500 kg/cm2

= 357,770.876 Mpa

Ea 2.1 x 106
n = = = 5.87
Ec 357770.8764

2,816,000
= 5.87 x = 724.957 kg/cm2
22,800.00

6.1.2. Friction in the anchorage and jack

Δa 0.005
Δσa = 16000 = Δa x Ea = x Ea = x 2.1 x 106
L 32.00

6.1.3. Friction along Tendon

μ = 0.20
K = 0.001 / m

Span A - A

F . X2 1.23 X2 dy 2.46 X
Y = = =
L2 16 2 dx 256

1.23 X2 dy
= X = 16 = 0.15
256 dx

Didapat nilai θ = 0.15

σa = σa . E . e - ( k.L + μ.θ)
= 11725 . e -(
0.001 .
32 +
0.20
= 11725 -0.06275 = 1155.38 kg/cm 2

6.2. Defred Loss of Prestressed (kehilangan Secara Perlahan - lahan )

6.2.1. Creep in concrete

Δσa = ( θ - 1 ) . n . σb' = ( 2.5 - 1) . 5.86968 . 21.243 = 187.03

6.2.2. Srinkage in concrete

Δσa = εl . Ea = 0.00028 . 2100000 = 588 kg/cm2

6.2.3. Creep in steel

 Δσa = 0.02 x σau = 0.02 . 11725 = 234.5 kg/cm2

Total Loss of Prestress

ΣΔσa = 724.957 + 328.13 + 1155.38 + 187.03 + 588.00 + 234.50

Persentase Loss of Prestress

3218.00
= x 100% = 27.4% < 32.5% Ok
11725

Cek Tegangan Geser ( Pada Keadaan Akhir )

q = 9.42 t/m' P= 13.57 t

32.00
q = qDL + qLL + qBS = 2.050 + 1.97 + 5.40 = 9.42 t/m'
 Bidang Momen

(+)

Mmax = 1/8 . q . L2 + 1/4 P. L

= 1/8 x 9.42 x 32.00 2
+ 1/4 x 13.56984
= 1205.33 + 108.56
= 1313.89 tm

Bidang Lintang

157
Lmin = 157 -( 9.42 x 16 ) =

157

Gaya Lintang = 1/2 P + 1/2 q . = ( 0.5 x 13.57 )+( 0.5 x 9.42 x 32.00

Prestress Keadaan Akhir

q = 9.42 t/m'

32.00

Bidang Lintang
151
(-)

151 (-)

Momen Maksimum (dari tabel ) = 1,849.83 t

Bidang Lintang = 1/2 x q x L = 0.5 x 9.42 x 32.00 = 151 ton
Dalam keadaan akhir ( qDL + qLL + qBS ) dan keadaan akibat Prestress didapat :
Vc = 157.45 - 151 = 6.78 kg/cm

Vc . S 6785 x( 110 x 111.95 x 1/2 x 111.95 )

t = = =
b.I 110 x 97639280

Prestress Keadaan Awal

q = 27.50 t/m'
 32.00

Bidang Lintang = 1/2 x q x L = 0.5 x 27.50 x 32.00 = 440 ton

440
+

-
440

Momen Maks = 1/8 x q x L2 = 0.13 x 27.50 x 32.00 2

= 3520.00 tm
 Prestress Keadaan Awal Berat Sendiri
q = 5.63 t/m'

32.00

Bidang Lintang = 1/2 x q x L = 0.5 x 5.63 x 32.00 = 90 ton

90
+

-
90

Momen Maks = 1/8 x q x. L2 = 0.13 x 5.63 x 32.00 2

= 720.00 tm

Mtotal = 3520.00 - 720.00 = 2800.00 tm

Qtotal = 440.00 - 90.00 = 350.00 t

Ca = 108.42

I I
37.14
II II
Cb = 131.58
III III 131.58
86.50

80

t = QxS
bxI

Fo My
s = +/- +/-
A I

St = - ( t2 ) + ( s/2 )2 - ( s/2 )

Section I - II II - III III - III

S (cm3) 1,138,657.54 692,520.78 299,323.59
t (kg/cm2) 51.02 31.03 13.41
s (kg/cm2) 11.75 11.75 11.75
St (kg/cm2) 0.06 0.03 0.01
Seluruh tegangan tarik yang terjadi ditanggung sengkang
Dipakai besi dengan ø16 mm Luas = 2.011 cm2
Av x Fv 2 x 2.011 x 22
a = = = 24.5841 Jarak sengkang
St x b 0.06 x 60
 BAB VII
PERHITUNGAN PERLETAKAN

7.1 Gaya horizontal akibat Rem

Jumlah Jalur Lalu Lintas 2 Jalur
Muatan D
- Muatan Garis P = 12.00 ton
2 x 2.75 x ( 12.00 / 2.75 ) = 24.00 ton
- Muatan terbagi rata g = 24.00 ton
2 x 2.75 x 2.20 = 12.10 ton
Total = 12.10 x 24.00 = 36.10 ton
Gaya Rem = 5% dari muatan D = 1.805 ton

7.2 Gaya horizontal akibat gaya Gempa

Tumpuan A = B
Vol. Beton = 10 x 2.24 = 22.40 m3
Berat Beton = 2.4 x 2.24 = 5.38 ton
Gaya horizontal akibat gaya Gempa
K = ExC E = Koefisien Gempa = 0.10
C = Berat Beton = 53.80
K = 0.10 x 53.80 = 5.38 ton
Gaya horizontal dan vertikal desain
KHorizontal = KVertikal = 5.38 ton
Dipakai anchorage A325 = 2520 kg/cm2
Luas anchorage yang diperlukan = 5380 / 2520 = 2.13 cm2
Dipakai anchorage 1/2 inch = 1.27 cm
Jumlah anchorage = 2.13 / 1.27 = 1.68 buah digunakan =

Cek alas beton

Direncanakan luas plat baja (A) = 25/60
= Ra / A = 5380 / ( 25 * 60 ) = 3.59 kg/cm2 < 174.00 kg/cm2
Anchorage 1/2 inch

Pelat Baja 25 . 60

Rubber
 BAB VIII
PRESTRESS SYSTEM
Dipakai system Freyssinet
(Strands 12 1/2" 7 wire stand )

Karakteristik Kabel :
1. Nominal Steel Area = 1.73 inch2
2. Ultimate cable strength (1,73 x 250000 Psi) = 432500 lb
3. Max Tensioning load (75% of ultimate ) = 324000 lb
4. Max Design Load (60% of ultimate ) = 259000 lb
5. Cable Weight = 5.93 lb
6. Resomended hole diameter = 2. 5/8 inch

Fo = 2816 ton = 2816000 kg

F = ( 100 - 32.5 )% x Fo
= ( 100 - 32.5 )% x 2816
= 1900.8 ton = 1900800 kg
A = Fo / σau = 2816000 / 11725 = 240.17 cm

Dipakai statis 12,5" dengan At = 11.16 cm2 ( TY. Lin, Hal 570 )

Jumlah tendon yang diperlukan = 240.17 / 11.16 = 21.5207 ~ 22 buah (dipakai )

Cek kekuatan pada daerah anchorage

Diameter anchorage 8 1/4 " = 20.955 cm A = 345.02 cm2
σ = P / A = 2816000 / 345.02 = 8161.93 kg/cm2 > 415.00

Dipakai perkuatan spiral pada anchorage

Menghitung kekuatan spiral pada anchorage

Block Out
Strands Perkuatan Spiral

8 1/4" ( 20.955 cm)

Form

P = 2816000 / 10 = 281600

r1 r σb' = 415.00 kg/cm2

45o
P
45o σb' = P/A
r 1
r
A = P / σb' = 281600 /

l A = π . r2
 l'
r = A/p = 678.55 /

I' = r = 14.694 cm

r' = 1/2 x 20.96 = 10.48

( l' - l ) / l' = r' / r

r' - l 10.48 * 4.25

l = - l' = - 14.6937 = 4.2162 = 10 cm
r 4.25

Dipakai besi spiral di belakang anchorage L = 10 cm

Diameter awal = 2 x 4.21616 = 8.43232 cm diambil = 10 cm
Diameter akhir = 2 x 14.69 = 29.3873 cm diambil = 30 cm
Kontrol tegangan =

σ = P/A = 281600 / 678.55 = 415

σ <= σb' 415 kg/cm2 <= 415.00 kg/cm2 Ok

Menghitung f besi spiral

P = ( Fg + 15 Fe + 45 Fs ) σb'
dimana :
P = 281600 kg
D = 20.96 cm
σb' = 415.00 kg/cm2
Besi Spiral f x cm = ds
Spoed S = 3 cm ditentukan
Fo = 0 ( karena tidak ada besi memanjang )
Fg = 1/4 . π . D2 = 0.25 x 3.1429 x 20.96 2
= 345.02 cm2
π x D x ds
2 2
3.14286 2 x 20.96 x x2
Fs = = = 17.2487 x2
A.S 4 x 3

P = ( Fg + 15 Fe + 45 Fs ) σb'

281600 =( 345.02 + 0.00 + 45.00 x 17.25 x2 ) 415.00

281600 = 143181.885 + 322118.977 x2
322118.977 x2 = 281600 - 143181.885
322118.977 x2 = 138418.1147
x2 = 138418.1147 / 322118.977 = 0.430
x = 0.430 = 0.215 cm = 8 mm

Cek Tegangan yang ada

P = ( Fg + 45 Fs ) σb'
σb = P / ( Fg + 45 Fs . X )
= 281600 /( 345.02 + 45.00 x 17.25 x 0.80 ) = 291.52
σb < σb'
291.52 kg/cm2 < 415.00 kg/cm2 Ok

Jadi dipakai perkuatan besi spiral dibelakang anchorage

- Panjang = 10 cm
- Diameter awal = 10 cm
- Diameter akhir = 30 cm
10 cm
- Diameter spiral = 8 mm

10 cm
Pengaruh Gempa pada balok prestress

- Jika percepatan gempa ke sumbu Y

- Akan terjadi penambahan / pengurangan tegangan tekan & tegangan tarik bisa saja terjadi
- Akan terjadi penambahan / pengurangan gaya geser
- Akan terjadi penambahan / pengurangan tegangan geser

- Jika percepatan gempa ke sumbu Z

- Akan terjadi penambahan gaya normal
- Akan terjadi penambahan tegangan tekan
- Akan terjadi penambahan / pengurangan momen lentur
- Jika percepatan gempa tidak berhimpit dengan sumbu akan terjadi penambahan tegangan lentur
tegangan geser

- Jika percepatan gempa ke sumbu X

- Akan terjadi penambahan tegangan lentur, tegangan tekan akan bertambah / berkurang dan timb
tegangan tarik
- Akat terjadi penambahan tegangan geser
N

2.1 x 106 = 328.13 kg/cm2

0.20 .
0.15 )

187.03 kg/cm2
234.50 = 3218.00 kg/cm2
13.56984 x 32.00

6.78

32.00 ) = 157 ton

0.435 kg/cm
Jarak sengkang = 20 cm
2 buah
ah (dipakai )

kg/cm2

Perkuatan Spiral

281600 kg

415.00 = 678.554 cm2

 3.1429 = 14.69 cm

cm

cm
 30 cm

10 cm
saja terjadi

n tegangan lentur dan

erkurang dan timbul

Perhitungan titik aman.

f = 0.85 m y= ( 𝟒 𝒇𝒙 ( 𝑳
L = 32 m −𝒙 ))/(𝑳 𝟐)

X1 = 2.0 m Y.1 = 4 (0,85x2) (32-2) X 12 = 22.0 m Y.12 = 4 (0,85x22) (32-22)

= 0.199 = 0.730
32² 32²

X2 = 4.0 m Y.2 = 4 (0,85x4) (32-4) X 13 = 24.0 m Y.13 = 4 (0,85x24) (32-24)

= 0.372 = 0.638
32² 32²

X3 = 6.0 m Y.3 = 4 (0,85x6) (32-6) X 14 = 26.0 m Y.14 = 4 (0,85x26) (32-26)

= 0.518 = 0.518
32² 32²

X4 = 8.0 m Y.4 = 4 (0,85x8) (32-8) X 15 = 28.0 m Y.15 = 4 (0,85x28) (32-28)

= 0.638 = 0.372
32² 32²

X5 = 10.0 m Y.5 = 4 (0,85x10) (32-10) X 16 = 30.0 m Y.16 = 4 (0,85x30) (32-30)

= 0.730 = 0.199
32² 32²

X6 = 12.0 m Y.6 = 4 (0,85x12) (32-12) X 17 = 32.0 m Y.17 = 4 (0,85x32) (32-32)

= 0.797 = 0.000
32² 32²

X7 = 14.0 m Y.7 = 4 (0,85x14) (32-14)

= 0.837
32²

X8 = 16.0 m Y.8 = 4 (0,85x16) (32-16)

= 0.850
32²

X9 = 18.0 m Y.9 = 4 (0,85x18) (32-18)

= 0.837
32²

X 10 = 20.0 m Y.10 = 4 (0,85x20) (32-20)

= 0.797
32²
DAERAH AMAN
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.0
cm
=108.42
Ca

Ka
37.14

a1
Ka =

Cgc
a2
45.07

f = a2 f = a2 f = 85
cm

Kb =

Kb
=131.58

a3
Cb

2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

L = 32 m.
18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00
 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16