2.Track-loaded
Contoh
Contoh
Original weight = 2,03 kg
MC = 62,22%
Pencatatan dan plotting data
Kode untuk Jadwal Pengeringan
Tropical Hardwoods
Kiln Start-Up Procedures
Partially Air-Dried Lumber
Partly air-dried lumber is defined as lumber with 40% to 50% MC.
4/4, 5/4, and Most 6/4 Lumber
1. Bring dry-bulb temperature up to value prescribed by schedule for average MC of controlling kiln
samples. Keep vents closed. Use steam spray only as needed to keep wet-bulb depression from
exceeding 10°F (6°C). Do not allow depression to become lower than 5°F (3°C) or moisture will
condense on the lumber.
2. After prescribed dry-bulb temperature has been reached, run first three wet-bulb depression
steps for minimum of 12 h each, observing 5°F (3°C) minimum wet-bulb depression. Then
change to conditions prescribed for MC of controlling samples.
8/4 (plus 6/4 Oak) Lumber
1. keep wet-bulb depression from exceeding 8°F (4°C).
2. run first three wet-bulb depression steps for minimum of 18 h
Air-Dried Lumber
4/4, 5/4, and Most 6/4 Lumber
Air-dried lumber is defined as lumber with less than 30% MC.
1. Bring dry-bulb temperature up to value prescribed by schedule for average MC of controlling kiln
samples, keeping vents closed and steam spray turned off.
2. After kiln has reached dry-bulb temperature, set wet-bulb temperature.
a. If the air-dried or predried lumber has not been wetted on the surface or exposed to a long period of
high humidity just before entering the kiln, set wet-bulb temperature as specified by schedule.
b. If air-dried or predried lumber has been surface wetted or has regained moisture, set wet-bulb
controller for a 10°F (6°C) wet-bulb depression and turn on steam spray only if necessary to achieve
and maintain desired depression. Let kiln run for 12 to 18 h at this wet-bulb setting and then change to
wet-bulb setting specified by schedule.
Equalizing
• The purpose of equalizing is to reduce this variation in MC without
overdrying.
• The procedure for equalizing a kiln charge of lumber, using the settings
given in Table 7.23, is as follows:
•
Conditioning
• The purpose of conditioning is to relieve the residual compressive drying stresses in the shell by
exposure to high temperature and high RH.
• Conditioning can also have the beneficial effect of producing more uniform MC throughout the
thickness of the boards.
•
The time required for conditioning is determined by several variables:
· Species : Denser species require more conditioning time.
· Lumber thickness :Thicker lumber requires more time.
· Condition of kiln : Leaky or poorly insulated kilns require more time.
· Steam pressure : Higher pressure requires more time.
· Type of drying : Air-dried lumber requires less time compared to
predried or kiln dried green.
Sterilisasi
• Sterilisasi = Prosedur atau proses untuk membunuh serangga
berbahaya dan telurnya yang terdapat dalam kayu.
• Tujuan sterilisasi = untuk mencegah hama hutan menyebar dari
satu lokasi ke yang lain
• Suatu penelitian menunjukan kayu dipanaskan hingga -130 ° F
(-54 ° C), akan mematikan semua serangga yang ada, telurnya, dan
jamur apa pun yang terkait dengannya kayu.
DRYING TIME
• Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengeringkan spesies dan ketebalan
tertentu tergantung pada karakter kayu, jenis tungku, dan jadwal
kiln
• Jadwal pengeringan dibuat untuk mengefisiensikan waktu
pengeringan dan meminimalkan kerusakan akibat pengeringan
• Jadwal pengeringan dikembangkan oleh FPL (Forest Product
Laboratory) secara trial dan error
Prediction of drying time
• Waktu pengeringan aktual akan bervariasi, tergantung pada
ketebalan, lebar, persentase inti kayu, dan kualitas aktual stok.
• Dalam manual ini, the faktor waktu pengeringan untuk 4/4 stok
diatur pada 1,00 (Tabel 7.26). Faktor-faktor untuk 4/4 dan 8/4 kayu
menunjukkan bahwa stok 8/4 akan membutuhkan 2½ kali selama
waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengering 4/4 stok.
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATION