DRUG DELIVERY
Needle-
Buccal Passive
less
Pulmo-
nary
Nasal 2%
Ocular 2%
Injectable/ Oral 53%
Implant 3%
Transdermal
8%
Inhalation
32%
Spray office
Berbasis Propellant
Paling umum digunakkan
dalam terapi asthma
Sifat fisikokimia
Formulasi
Teknik
·kedalaman menarik nafas
·sela waktu sebelum mengeluarkan nafas
·koordinasi inhalasi dengan penggunaan
device
Penyakit-penyakit Pulmonary
Exubera® - Inhalasi
Insulin
Tantangan:
Tantangan
Mengembangkan sistem penghantaran insulin ke bagian
dalam paruparu (alveoli) yang efisien dan reprodusibel 4
menghantarkan insulin dan mudah digunakan
Exubera® (Inhaled Insulin)
from Pfizer
Hasil:
Nektar mengembangkan inhalasi insulin pada uji
klinik fase I bersama Pfizer pada tahun 1995.
Device diujikan pada pasien Type 1 dan Type 2 dalam
kerjasama dengan Pfizer dan Aventis
Exubera® (Inhaled Insulin)
Hasil:
Sampai sekarang lebih dari 2000 pasien di seluruh
dunia terlibat dalam uji klinik Exubera beberapa ikut
dalam 5 tahun
Hasil data terbaru efikasi Exubera mungkin selevel
dengan injeksi insulin dan lebih baik daripada ADO
untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah
Exubera efek unik terhadap kondisi glukosa puasa
maupun setelah 2 jam makan
Exubera® (Inhaled Insulin)
from Pfizer
pH
konsentrasi
Bobot Molekul
Formulasi
kondisi mukosa nasal
Applications of Intranasal Drug Delivery
Nasal Delivery of Organic based Pharmaceuticals
e.g.: Progesterone, Estradiol, Testosterone, Hydralzine,
Propranolal, Cocain, Naloxon & Nitrogylcerine. These
have shown good Bioavailability by this route.
Water-soluble organic based compounds such as
Sodium cromoglycate were also found to be well
absorbed.
Nasal Delivery of Peptide-Based Drugs
s As peptide based drugs are susceptible to
hepatogastrointestinal first pass elimination & instability,
they show very low oral bioavailability thus administered
through nasal route.
Cross-sectional view
34
Site of drug
spray &
absorption
- venous drainage
MUCOSAL
TRADITIONAL & KURVE’S DELIVERY AUTOMIZATION
DEVICE (M.A.D)
ZOMIG° (zolmitriptan)
Nasal Spray
Clinical Studies Overview with
ZOMIG® (zolmitriptan) Nasal Spray
Pharmacokinetic Studies
Blood levels detectable within 5 minutes following dosing
38% of achieved within 10 minutes following dosing
Positron Emission Tomography Study
Nasopharyngeal absorption
Clinical Efficacy Studies
2-hour headache response rate 69% (5-mg dose)
(primary endpoint)
Efficacy as early as 15 minutes
Sustained headache response of 49% at 24 hours* (5-
mg dose)
Well tolerated with only 15% reporting unusual taste
(5-mg dose); <1% withdrawals due to unusual taste
remedies-lion for up to 24 hours.
ZOMIG Nasal Spray
is available in 5-mg
dosage strength
Packaged in 6
single-use devices
Easy to deliver
Zolmitriptan Plasma Concentrations
Plasma Concentration (nglml)
5-
5 10
Time post-dose (h)
IN Naloxone by Paramedics
Formulation
Development
Dosage form
Formulation considerations
Physiological
Pharmaceutical
Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon, Pune-411041 46
Dosage forms
Liquid drop
Liquid spray/nebulizers
Aerosol
Suspension spray/nebulizers
Gel
Sustained release
- Protein binding