OSTEOARTRHTITIS
BAGUS DIVA INDRA DHARMA, DR., SP. KFR
SIKLUS KRONIS INAKTIVITAS OA
- Nyeri
- Kelemahan otot
- Penurunan fungsi fisik
- Depresi & Kecemasan
KUALTITAS
INAKTIVITAS
HIDUP ↓
- Massa otot ↓
- Decondotioning
- Percaya diri ↓
Referensi : Frontera WR, 2010. Osteoarthritis. In DeLisa’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Principles and Practice. 5thedition. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Mengapa Latihan pada OA Genu
sangat penting???
Tata laksana dengan obat-obatan, injeksi,
orthosis dll sangat baik dalam mengurangi nyeri.
Akan tetapi latihan dapat memperbaiki
disabilitas akibat OA dan memberikan efek
jangka panjang seperti meningkatkan
kebugaran fisik & aktivitas shg menurunkan
resiko komorbid spt obesitas dan sendentary
lifestyle.
Referensi : Frontera WR, 2010. Osteoarthritis. In DeLisa’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Principles and Practice. 5thedition. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Pedoman Non Farmakologi untuk OA Hip
dan Genu (berdasarkan ACR tahun 2000)
No Pedoman Umum Intervensi Spesifik No Pedoman Intervensi Spesifik
Umum
1. Edukasi pasien Self-management 4. Penurunan - Latihan
program Berat Badan - Mengatur pola diet
Publikasi Arthritis 5. Ortotik Insole dengan lateral
Foundation wedge
Edukasi keluarga, Shock absorbing insole
teman, cargiver
2. Support social - Kontak Nakes langsung Knee brace
Nakes Profesional - Kontak telepon
3. Physical therapy Latihan luas gerak sendi 6. Terapi Okupasi Proteksi sendi
Penguatan otot Konservasi energy
Modalitas utk nyeri Latihan aktivitas sehari-hari
Alat bantu jalan
Intervensi spesifik
(taping)
Referensi : Frontera WR, 2010. Osteoarthritis. In DeLisa’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Principles and Practice. 5thedition. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
TERAPI LATIHAN PADA OA GENU
Referensi : Frontera WR, 2010. Osteoarthritis. In DeLisa’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Principles and Practice. 5th edition. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Kisner C & Colby LA, 2007. Applied Science of Exercise and Teqniques. In Therapeuric Exercise. 5th edition. Philadelpia: E.A. Davis Company.
A. Latihan ROM : pasien secara
aktif menggerakkan sendi lutut
sepanjang ROM.
Rekomendasi : 5-10x gerakan
B. Stretching :
Latihan fleksibilitas sendi
melebihi available ROM (bila
ada kaku sendi)
Rekomendasi :
Slow, gentle, s/d mild
discomfort
Tahan stretching selama 30-
60 detik, ulangi 2-3 set,
frekuensi min 2x/minggu
Referensi : Frontera WR, 2010. Osteoarthritis. In DeLisa’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Principles and Practice. 5th edition. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Magee DJ., 2006. Orthopaedic Physical Assesment. 4th edition. Missouri : Saunders Elsevier.
Kisner C & Colby LA, 2007. Applied Science of Exercise and Teqniques. In Therapeuric Exercise. 5th edition. Philadelpia: E.A. Davis Company.
Pescatello LS, 2014. ACSM,s Guideline for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 9th edition. Philladelphia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2. LATIHAN PENGUATAN OTOT
OA genu disuse kelemahan otot, terutama quadriceps.
Kelemahan otot quadriceps juga bisa menyebabkan OA Genu.
Otot quadriceps berperan dalam proteksi sendi lutut (menurunkan
loading AGB).
Otot yang perlu dilatih pada OA Genu terutama :
a. Quadriceps ekstensi lutut
b. Hamstring fleksi lutut
c. Gluteus Medius abduksi hip
Referensi : Frontera WR, 2010. Osteoarthritis. In DeLisa’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Principles and Practice. 5th edition. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Jenis-Jenis Latihan Penguatan Otot
Referensi : Kisner C & Colby LA, 2007. Applied Science of Exercise and Teqniques. In Therapeuric Exercise. 5th edition. Philadelpia: E.A. Davis Company.
Dosis Latihan Isotonic Strengthening
Frequency • 2-3 x/mg
Intensity • Begginer : 60-70% 1-RM
• Experienced : ≥ 80% 1-RM
• Older/sedentary : 40-50% 1-RM
Time Tidak ada waktu spesifik
Type Menggunakan peralatan atau berat tubuh
Repetitions Dewasa : 8-12 repetisi ;
Lansia : 10-15 repetisi
Sets 2-4 set
Referensi : Pescatello LS, 2014. ACSM,s Guideline for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 9th edition. Philladelphia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISOKINETIK
Kontraksi Otot +
Gerakan Sendi +
Kecepatan Konstan
gerakan
Indikasi latihan Melewati fase
akut
Penghati-hatian -
khusus
Referensi : Kisner C & Colby LA, 2007. Applied Science of Exercise and Teqniques. In Therapeuric Exercise. 5th edition. Philadelpia: E.A. Davis Company.
3. LATIHAN KESEIMBANGAN & PROPRIOSEPTIF
Gangguan proprioseptif pada
OA Genu disebabkan oleh :
Patologi sendi
Instabilitas sendi
Nyeri
Gangguan Resiko Jatuh
Efusi sendi Keseimbangan meningkat
Inflamasi
Usia
Obesitas
Penurunan kekuatan otot
Referensi : Marks R, 2017. Osteoarthritis and Proprioception: What Does the Literature Reveal? International Journals of Orthopaedics. Vol 4 No. 5
Latihan Keseimbangan & Proprioseptif
Referensi : Kisner C & Colby LA, 2007. Applied Science of Exercise and Teqniques. In Therapeuric Exercise. 5th edition. Philadelpia: E.A. Davis Company.
4. AEROBIC EXERCISE & AQUATIC THERAPY
Dosis Rekomendasi Aerobic Exercise
Frequency • ≥ 5 x/minggu dng intensitas sedang
• ≥ 3 x/minggu dng intensitas berat
Intensity • Sedang / berat utk dewasa umum.
• Ringan – sedang utk individu tirah baring
lama/sedentary.
Time • 30-60 menit dng intensitas sedang.
• 20-60 menit dng itensitas berat.
• < 20 menit pada individu sedentary.
Type • Sepeda (indoor/outdoor)
• Berenang
• Berjalan
Referensi : Kisner C & Colby LA, 2007. Applied Science of Exercise and Teqniques. In Therapeuric Exercise. 5th edition. Philadelpia: E.A. Davis Company.
Pescatello LS, 2014. ACSM,s Guideline for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 9th edition. Philladelphia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Gormley J. & Hussey J. 2005, Exercise Therapy. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing.
Aquatic Therapy
Sifat Fisik Air :
1. Bouyancy : daya apung
beban sendi ↓
2. Tekanan hidrostatik
mengurangi efusi, venous
return
3. Viskositas : friksi antara
benda & air
tahanan/beban
Referensi : Kisner C & Colby LA, 2007. Applied Science of Exercise and Teqniques. In Therapeuric Exercise. 5th edition. Philadelpia: E.A. Davis Company.
5. PENURUNAN BERAT BADAN
Sangat penting pada OA Genu, karena sendi lutut
merupakan weight bearing joint.
Intervensi nonfarmakologis utk menurunkan BB :
1. Mengatur pola diet (Membatasi asupan kalori dan lemak)
2. Aktivitas fisik/latihan
Dosis latihan sama dengan Aerobic Exercise
Referensi : Frontera WR, 2010. Osteoarthritis. In DeLisa’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Principles and Practice. 5th edition. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
6. ALAT BANTU JALAN DAN PROTEKSI SENDI
Referensi :Mary Pack, 2005. Patient Education: Joint Protection And Energy Conservation. Vancouver Coastal Health.
Braddom Rl., 2011. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 4th edition.. Philladephia : Elsevier Saunders