B.Ing.LM 3.4/4.

4/4/1

PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS
1. Identitas
a. Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris C (Lintas Minat)
b. Semester :1
c. Kompetensi Dasar :

3.4. Menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional
lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait hubungan
setara antara dua benda/tindakan, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan
unsur kebahasaan both ... and; not only ... but also; either ... or; neither ... nor )

4.4. Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi
dan meminta informasi yang mengandung hubungan setara antara dua benda/tindakan,
dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan
sesuai konteks

d. Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi

3.4.1. menerapkan fungsi sosial teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan
tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait hubungan setara antara dua
benda/Tindakan.
3.4.2. menerapkan struktur teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan
memberi dan meminta informasi terkait hubungan setara antara dua benda/tindakan.
3.4.3. menerapkan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan
tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait hubungan setara antara dua
benda/tindakan.
4.4.1. menyusun teks interaksi transaksional, lisan dan tulis, pendek dan sederhana, yang
melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait hubungan setara antara dua
benda/tindakan.

e. Materi Pokok : Both … and …; not only … but also …; neither … nor …; either … or ….
f. Alokasi Waktu : 9 Jam Pelajaran
g. Tujuan Pembelajaran :

Melalui diskusi, tanya jawab, penugasan, presentasi dan analisis, peserta didik dapat menyusun
teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis pendek dan sederhana yang melibatkan tindakan
memberi dan meminta informasi terkait hubungan setara antara dua benda/tindakan, dengan
memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai
konteks, sehingga peserta didik dapat meneladani, membanggakan, bertindak teratur, teliti,
disiplin, kerjasama, dan bertanggung jawab dalam komunikasi dengan orang lain, serta dapat
mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, komunikasi, kolaborasi, kreativitas (4C).

h. Peta Konsep :

PAIRED CONJUCTION Struktur Kalimat

Fungsi Sosial

Unsur Kebahasaan

i. Kegiatan Pembelajaran:

I will choose either you or Sam

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What do you do in your leisure time? Go around your class and ask your friend about the following
activities! Put a tick (√) to the picture(s) they do.

Complete the following sentences based on your friend’s activities.

1. …………… (your friend’s name) is both ………………… and ………………… in his/her leisure time.
2. …………… is neither …………… nor …………….
3. …………… is either …………… or …………….
4. …………… is not only …………… but also …………….

What about you?

Paired Conjunctions: Both … and; Not only … but also; Either … or; Neither … nor.
(a) Both her mother and her sisters want her to both … and – connects 2 positive things, such

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marry a rich man. as noun subjects, noun objects, verbs, adjectives,

(b) I like both apples and oranges. adverbs, prepositional phrases, and other words.
(c) She both skis and snowboards. You must only connect things that are the same.
(d) The subway moves both fast and quietly. Two subjects connected by both … and take a plural
verb as in (a).

(e) We like not only Japanese food but Not only … but also is used for emphasis or to
also Korean food. indicate surprise. It should be used sparingly.
(f) People consider him not only intelligent but When Not only … but also begins a sentence and
also very creative. joins two verbs, the axillary verb precedes the subject,
(g) Mike made breakfast not only for himself but as in (i).
also for his wife.
(h) Not only my mother but also my sister is here. 
(i) Not only did he fail math, but he also failed
English.
(j) They not only travel a lot, but they also make
travel videos.

(k) Neither my son nor my sister is here. Although the meaning is “not this and not that,” it is
(l) Neither my son nor my sisters are here. always used in positive sentences, never in negative
(m) She neither skis nor snowboards. ones. 
(n) The subway moves neither fast nor quietly. When Neither…nor begins a sentence and joins two
(o) Neither do I want to quit, nor do I have the verbs, the axillary verb precedes the subject, as in (o).
savings to be able to quit.

(p) I’ll take either chemistry or physics next quarter. If it is used in a positive sentence, then the things that
(q) Either the principal or the follow are choices and only one of them can be true.
teachers are giving the students a day off. If either … or is used in a negative sentence, then
(r) She either skis or snowboards on the both things that follow are true.  It is only used
weekends. with noun objects or adverbs as in (s).
(s) I don’t eat either bread or pasta.  (I don’t like
bread; I don’t like pasta.)
(t) The subway doesn’t move either fast or quietly.
(It doesn’t move fast; it doesn’t move quietly.)
NOTE: When two subjects are connected by not only ... but also, either ... or, or neither ... nor, the subject
that is closer to the verb determines whether the verb is singular or plural.

Exercises
A. Answer the questions with both … and.
1. The research project will take time. Will it take money too?
- Yes. The research project will take both time and money.
2. The homeless received food. Did they receive clothing?
3. Passengers were injured in the bus accident. Was the driver injured in the accident?
4. I know the government is increasing taxes. Is the government increasing spending too?
5. The city suffers from air pollution. Does it suffer from water pollution?

B. Answer the questions with not only … but also.

1. I know crime is growing in the cities. Is crime growing in the suburbs?
2. I know our team lost its first game. Did it also its second game?
3. I know some tech companies need more workers. Do they need more office space too?
4. I know the city is building a new freeway. Is it also building a new subway too?
C. Answer the questions with either …or.
1. The manager has package, or Mrs. Ramirez has may package. Is that right?
2. Jonas is going to take care of the neighbour’s cat. Is that right?
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3. Your sister is driving Ms. Androv to the airport, or your brother is driving her? Right?
4. We can use the front stairs, or we can use the back stairs. Is that right?

D. Answer the questions with neither … nor.

1. The mail carrier isn’t friendly. Is she unfriendly?
2. Her children don’t speak English. Does her husband speak English?
3. They don’t have an air conditioner in their apartment. Do they have a fan?
4. The window washers weren’t fast. Were they slow?

E. Combine each pair of sentences into one new sentence with parallel structure. Use both … and; neither …
nor; either … or; not only … but also.
1. I don’t have my credit card. I do not have cash.
2. You can get some shoes now, or you can look online.
3. Rika enjoys shopping during sales. Bettina enjoys shopping during sales.
4. Matt is not joining us. Taka is not joining us.
5. Matt is sick. Taka is sick.
6. This store doesn’t have the size I need. That store doesn’t have the size I need.
7. We can eat lunch here, or we can look for other restaurants.
8. The manager was helpful. The assistant manager was helpful.
9. You need your receipt for a return, or you need your credit card.
10. The stores close at 10:00. The food court closes at 10:00.
11. We can take the bus home, or we can take the subway.

F. Complete the sentences using both, either, or neither.

1. That’s enough! ______ you pay your debt to me or I take you to court.
2. When we heard the good news, we were ______ happy and excited.
3. They had ______ food to eat nor money to go to a restaurant.
4. Mr. Harrison wants to have ______ vanilla and chocolate in his ice-cream.
5. You should stop making up excuses. ______ you study hard or you will fail in the Maths exam
tomorrow.
6. _______ of the two students had books with them so the teacher got very angry.
7. We have ______ bread nor cheese so we can't make a cheese sandwich.
8. She can buy ______ a laptop or a tablet pc. She has got enough money.
9. I like ______ the green and the blue t-shirt, but I don't have enough money to buy two t-shirts.
10. The sports car was ______ nice and cheap so my father decided to buy it.
11. My baby sister likes ______ soup nor spinach. She just likes milk.
12. We have some flour and eggs. We can make ______ an omelette or pancake.
13. If you want to lose weight, you should do ______ exercises and go on a diet.
14. You can grow ______ corn or wheat here in this season.
15. ______ofthe two friends knew how to go to the museum so they asked the way to a policeman.
16. I think I won't be able to come to the party. ______ my father nor my mother gave me permission.
17. My friend Sophia is ______ tall and talented so she can be chosen for the school basketball team.
18. Archie can play ______ the guitar or the drums at the concert. He can play them well.
19. _____the teacher and the students were shocked when they saw a mouse in the classroom.

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20. Mrs. Pearce was very tired when she got home. She ______ did the washing up nor vacuumed the
floor. She went to bed early.

NOTE

Both or Both of
 Both (of) my friends arrived late to class. Both or Both of can be used without a difference in
 Both of the wheels wobble too much. meaning.
 A prize was given to both of the players. You can use Both or Both of before a determiner
 Both parents were nervous. (my, his, these, the etc.) and a plural noun.
 We were both happy with our exam results.
 We both wanted to stay in bed and not go to
work.
 Do you need them both?
 I hope they invite us both (= I hope they
invite  both of us)

Neither or Neither of
 That tennis game was very close. Neither player Neither = not one and not the other
had a clear advantage. Neither is a negative word and is accompanied by an
 The present is for neither of us. affirmative singular verb.
 Neither of them is married.

Neither can also be used alone.

 A: Would you like a blue tie or a green tie?
 B: Neither. (= Neither tie)

Either or Either of
 There are only two options and I’m not interested Either = any one of the two = this one or the other
in either film. one
 We’ve been dating for 6 months and I haven’t Either is accompanied by an affirmative singular verb
met either of her parents. and is mostly used in questions or negative sentences
 I think I left my keys and wallet at the office. I
don’t want to lose either of them.

Either can also be used alone. 

 A: Would you like a coffee or a tea?
 B: Either (one). (= I don’t mind if it’s coffee or tea,
both alternatives are fine)

Exercise
Complete the sentences using both, both of, neither, neither of, either, or either of.
1. 'Do you want tea or coffee? ' _________, I really don’t mind.'
2. 'What day is it today - the 18th or the 19th?' _________, It’s the 20th,'
3. 'There are two sandwiches here; which one shall I take? 'Oh, take _________: the sandwich with ham or
the sandwich with cheese.'
4. I asked two people the way to the station but _________ them could help me.
5. 'When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?' _________, I’ll be in all day.'
6. 'Where’s Kate? Is she at work or at home?' _________, she's away on holiday.'
7. To get to the town centre you can go along the footpath by the river or you can go along the road. You can
go _________ way.
8. I tried to call George twice but _________ times he was out.

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9. _________Tom's parents is English. His father is Polish and his mother is Italian.
10. I was invited to two parties last week but I didn't go to _________ them.
11. Sarah and I play tennis together regularly but _________ us can play very well.
12. I tried two bookshops for the book I wanted but _________ them had it.
13. There were two windows in the room. It was very warm, so I opened _________ them

ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
A. Choose the correct answer.

1. Not only … us to work hard, but also … when we succeed.

A. do our parents encourage / they reward
B. our parents encourage / they do reward
C. our parents do encourage / they reward
D. do our parents encourage / they do reward
E. our parents do encourage / they do reward

2. Choose the phrase that correctly completes the following sentence:

The house we are considering purchasing is both close to my job and ….
A. near my best friend’s house
B. my best friend lives nearby
C. the house that my best friend lives in is just around the corner
D. my best friend
E. my best friend’s house which is near

3. Both Mr Jones and Mr Smith are invited to dinner.

This sentence means ….
A. only Mr Jones and Mr Smith are invited
B. neither Mr Jones nor Mr Smith is invited
C. either Mr Jones or Mr Smith is invited
D. Mr Jones and Mr Smith are invited
E. both of them are not invited

4. Nani and Ali entered a university three years ago. Nani got married last week, so she is not able to
concentrate on her studies. Ali, on the other hand, is more interested in business. “I think I am going to
quit my studies,” he said to himself.
From the text above we know that ….
A. both Nani and Ali are going to leave the university
B. both of them are not students anymore
C. neither Nani nor Ali has graduated
D. neither Nani nor Ali is a student
E. either Nani or Ali is a student

5. Eric : Either you will stay here, or I will not help you anymore.
Yolanda : All right. I’ll stay here.
From the dialogue we learn that ….
A. Eric will stay
B. Eric will not stay
C. Yolanda will not stay
D. Eric will help Yolanda
E. Eric will not help Yolanda

6. The early men, as we know, were hunters. They had killed or be killed, for there were savage animals all
around them.
From the sentence we know that ….
A. either hunters killed animals, or they were killed by animals
B. hunters killed not only men but also animals
C. both man and animal killed hunters

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D. both man and hunter killed animals

E. neither men nor animals were killed

7. When the time came, he even helped me with my luggage. He wished me good luck as I jumped off and
a few minutes later I was racing towards the centre of the city in a taxi.
What does it mean?
A. Not only did he wish me good luck, but also he jumped off.
B. Not only did he help me, but also wished me good luck.
C. Not only he helped me, but also he wished me good luck.
D. Neither did he helped me good luck.
E. He both wished me good luck and jumped off.

8. It was almost 7.25 when I stopped outside the station. I paid the driver quickly. Seized my bags and
hurried inside. “Paris train?” was all I had time to say to the first official I saw. You can imagine my
disappointment when he pointed to a train that was just moving out of the station at great speed.
From the text we conclude that ….
A. the driver both seized my bags and hurried inside
B. neither the driver nor the writer came late to the station
C. both the driver and the official worked at the railway station
D. either the writer came by taxi, or he would be late to the station
E. not only did he come late to the station, but he also missed the train

B. Correct the mistakes.

1. When she went to the zoo, Lyndsey got to see not only tigers, but polar bears, iguanas, and toucans.

2. The remake of the film was neither enjoyable and definitely not faithful to the original film.

3. After Jonas graduates from high school, his father hopes that Jonas will either attend college nor join

the army to learn a skill.

4. The teacher reprimanded his class, saying that he was neither pleased with their poor work nor was he

willing to accept their rowdy behavior.

5. She told her children that she would take them to either the toy store or to the ice cream parlor if they

finished all their chores on time.

6. The fight against the British in the 1770s was likely more significant to American history than the Civil

War and World War II. 

7. In the future, not Ellen and not Marcia are allowed to go outside without asking the teacher for

permission.

8. Not only you have ruined your friendship with Mark, but also made Paul very upset.

9. Neither bats nor rats is considered to be desirable animals to keep in one's home.

10. Either will you show your betters respect or you will leave here immediately.