2
( xi x )
=
Sigma = = Deviation n 1
( Square root of variance )
1
2
3
5
6
7
0
4
between + / - 1 68.27 % result: 317300 ppm outside
(deviation)
between + / - 2 95.45 % 45500 ppm
between + / - 3 99.73 % 2700
ppm
between + / - 4 99.9937 % 63
ppm
between + / - 5 99.999943 % 0.57 ppm
between + / - 6 99.9999998 % 0.002 ppm
Six Sigma
• suatu visi peningkatan kualitas menuju target
3,4 kegagalan per sejuta kesempatan (DPMO)
pada setiap proses produksi
Old Belief
4 High Quality = High Cost
Quality
Internal & Prevention &
External Appraisal
Failure Costs Costs
Costs
New Belief 4
New Belief
High Quality = Low Cost 5
6
Quality
Measure
Strategy by Phase -
Improvement
Phase Step Focus
Process Characterization
Measure What is the frequency of Defects? Measure
Control
Analyze
• Define performance standards Y
• Validate measurement system Y Improve
Control
• Identify sources of variation X
Analyze
(Where, When, Why)
• Determine the critical process parameters Vital X
Improve
Process Optimization
Improve How can we improve the process? Measure
Control
Analyze
• Discover relationships Vital X
• Establish operating tolerances Vital X Improve
Control
How can we maintain the improvements? Y, Vital X
Analyze
Control
(Sustain, Leverage) • Implement process control mechanisms
• Leverage project learning's Improve
Lead use
of
Black technique
and 5%~10%
Two green
4 / year
belts
Belt communic-
ate new
ones
Master Consulting/
Five Black
Black Mentoring/ 80~100%
Belts
10 / year
Training
Belt