LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN

Judul : Hubungan Kadar CD4 dengan Tuberkulosis Paru pada Pasien

HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah DR. Pirngadi Medan tahun
2017

Nama : May Renny Rajaguk guk

NIM : 15000005

Dosen Pembimbing I Dosen Pembimbing II

(dr. Novreka P. Sipayung, MKT) (dr.Hendra, MKT)

Dosen Penguji Ketua PSSK

(dr. Susi Sembiring, SpAn) (dr.Joseph P.Sibarani, M.Ked(PD),SpPD )

Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas HKBP Nommensen

(Prof. dr. Bistok Saing, Sp.A (K))

DAFTAR ISI

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LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN...................................................................................i

DAFTAR ISI..........................................................................................................ii

DAFTAR TABEL.................................................................................................xi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN......................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang...............................................................................................1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah..........................................................................................3

1.3 Hipotesis.........................................................................................................3

1.4 Tujuan Penelitian...........................................................................................3

1.4.1 Tujuan Umum.........................................................................................3

1.4.2 Tujuan Khusus........................................................................................3

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian.........................................................................................3

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................................5

2.1 Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK)......................................................5

2.1.1 Definisi PPOK.........................................................................................5

2.1.2 Faktor Resioko PPOK.............................................................................5

2.1.3 Patofisiologi PPOK.................................................................................6

2.1.4 Penegakan Diagnosa...............................................................................8

2.1.5 Pemeriksaan Penunjang..........................................................................9

2.1.6 Penatalaksanaan.………………………………………………………11

2.1.7 Komplikasi……………………………………………………………12

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 2.2 Elektrokardiogram (EKG)............................................................................15

2.3 Abnormalitas Elektrokardiogram pada PPOK.............................................16

2.4 Kerangka Konsep………………………………………………………….17

2.5 Kerangka Teori............................................................................................17

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN.....................................................................18

3.1 Desain Penelitian..........................................................................................18

3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian......................................................................18

3.2.1 Tempat Penelitian.................................................................................18

3.2.2 Waktu Penelitian...................................................................................18

3.3 Populasi Penelitian.......................................................................................18

3.3.1 Populasi Target.....................................................................................18

3.3.2 Populasi Terjangkau..............................................................................18

3.4 Sampel dan Cara Pemilihan Sampel............................................................18

3.4.1 Sampel...................................................................................................18

3.4.2 Cara Pemilihan Sampel.........................................................................19

3.5 Estimasi Besar Sampel.................................................................................19

3.6 Kriteria Inklusi dan Eksklusi........................................................................19

3.6.1 Kriteria Inklusi......................................................................................19

3.7 Instrumen Penelitian....................................................................................20

3.8 Prosedur Kerja..............................................................................................20

3.9 Identifikasi Variabel.....................................................................................20

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 3.9.1 Variabel Bebas......................................................................................20

3.9.2 Variabel Terikat....................................................................................21

3.10 Definisi Operasional..................................................................................21

3.11 Analisa Data...............................................................................................23

3.11.1 Univariat..............................................................................................23

3.11.2 Bivariat................................................................................................23

DAFTAR PUSTAKA...........................................................................................25

DAFTAR TABEL

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Nomor Judul Halaman

2.1 Stadium Klinis HIV 8

3.1 Definisi Operasional 26
4.1 Distribusi Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan TB Paru pada ODHA. 32
4.2 Distribusi Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan Kadar CD4. 33
4.3 Distribusi Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin. 33
4.4 Distribusi Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan Usia. 33
4.5 Distribusi Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan. 34
4.6 Distribusi Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan Status Pekerjaan. 34
4.7 Distribusi Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan Status Pernikahan. 35
4.8 Distribusi Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan Status Anemia. 35
4.9 Hasil penggabungan sel dan uji Chi Square 35