Atom dan Tabel

Periodik
Lukman Hakim
!2
L. Boltzmann mempergunakan
model atom untuk menentukan
persamaan entropi

Gerak Brown merupakan hal

yang belum diketahui
penyebabnya

3
 model atom
dalton

• Atom Bola Pejal (Exp. Rutherford)

• Atom tidak dapat dibagi (Exp. Thomson)

• Atom memiliki bentuk yang sama jika unsur sama (Exp.

Rutherford) -Isotop-

• Berbentuk monoatomik (O2, N2)

!4
 Model Thomson

• Penemuan elektron

• Roti kismis

5
6
 Model
Rutherford
• Atom adalah ruang kosong

7
 Partikel inti
• Proton

• Ditemukan oleh E. Goldstein

• Neutron

• Ditemukan oleh J. Chadwick

• Elektron

• Ditemukan oleh J. J Thomson

!8
• Inti atom terdiri atas proton dan
neutron

• Memungkinkan terbentuknya
isotop, isoton, dan isobar

A
Z X
9
• 12C, 13C

• 14N, 15N

A = nomor massa ( (p + n))

∑
Z = nomor atom ( p)
∑

!10
Model Bohr

Eksperimen Balmer

11
Lompatan
kuantum

12
 18
17

15
E=5

10

E = 10

13
E =10 E =5 E =2

14
 persamaan
rydberg

( n12 n22 )
1 2 1 1
= RH Z −
λ
RH = 1,097 x 107 m-1
c
E=h
λ = panjang gelombang (m) λ
Z = nomor atom
h = 6,626 x 10-34 J s
n1 = kulit awal c = 3,0 x 108 m s-1

n2 = kulit akhir

Hanya bisa dipakai untuk atom /ion

yang memiliki 1 elektron
!15
Mekanika
kuantum
ℏ2 2
EΨ = − ∇ Ψ + VΨ
2m

16
 Pengisian
Elektron
• Bilangan kuantum utama (n)

• n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …

• Bilangan kuantum azimuth (l)

• l = 0, 1, 2, 3, …, n-1

• Bilangan kuantum magnetik (ml)

• ml = -l, -l + 1, -l + 2, … , l-2, l-1, l

• Bilangan kuantum spin (s)

• s = +1/2, -1/2

!17
• Aturan Aufbau

• Aturan Aufbau menyatakan bahwa elektron harus diisi dari

tingkat energi yang lebih rendah hingga energi yang tinggi.

• 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s

!18
• Aturan Hund

• Aturan Hund menyatakan jika ada orbital dengan tingkat

energi sama, elektron harus diisi secara paralel sehigga
seluruh orbital dengan tingkat energi sama akan terisi
elektron

!19
• Larangan Pauli

• Larangan Pauli menyatakan bahwa elektron tidak boleh

memiliki bilangan kuantum yang sama saat terisi dalam orbital

!20
 Contoh Soal
• Tuliskan konfigurasi elektron dari atom/ion berikut ini :

• Fe3+ =

• Co2+ =

• Cr3+ =

• Cu+ =

• Zn =

!21
 Contoh Soal
• Tuliskan konfigurasi elektron dari atom/ion berikut ini :

• Fe3+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 / [Ar] 3d5

• Co2+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 / [Ar] 3d7

• Cr3+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 / [Ar] 3d3

• Cu+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 / [Ar] 3d10

• Zn = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 / [Ar] 4s2 3d10

!22
• Fe = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6

• Fe3+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5

!23
!24
Tabel Periodik
PERIODIC TABLE: ELEMENT NAME ORIGINS
1 2
Symbol Key Language of Origin Name Source
H He

Table Colour Key

Hydrogen
Atomic number Element symbol
GREEK ANGLO-SAXON MINERAL HELIUM
Water-forming Sun
LATIN SPANISH ASTRONOMICAL BODY
1
3

Li
4

Be H
Hydrogen
RUSSIAN
ENGLISH
NORSE
ARABIC
MYTHOLOGY
5

B
6

C
7

N
8

O
9

F
10

Ne
LITHIUM BERYLLIUM BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON
Water-forming
PERSON
Stone Berylios GERMAN GAELIC Buraq/borax Charcoal Nitre-forming Acid-forming To flow New

Language SWEDISH NONE – FROM NAME PLACE

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Mg
of origin

Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
Element name Origin/meaning
JAPANESE PROPERTIES
SODIUM MAGNESIUM ALUMINIUM SILICON PHOSPHORUS SULFUR CHLORINE ARGON
Soda Magnesia Bitter salt Flint Bringer of light Brimstone Greenish-yellow Idle

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K
POTASSIUM
Ca
CALCIUM
Sc
SCANDIUM
Ti
TITANIUM
V
VANADIUM
Cr
CHROMIUM
Mn MANGANESE
Fe IRON
Co COBALT
Ni NICKEL
Cu COPPER
Zn ZINC
GaGALLIUM
Ge
GERMANIUM
AsARSENIC
Se
SELENIUM
Br
BROMINE
Kr
KRYPTON
Potash Lime Scandinavia Titans Vanadis/Freya Colour Magnet Iren Goblin Devil’s copper From Cyprus Zink France/Gaul Germany Orpiment Moon Stench Hidden

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

RbRUBIDIUM
Sr
STRONTIUM
Y
YTTRIUM
Zr
ZIRCONIUM
Nb NIOBIUM
Mo
MOLYBDENUM
Tc
TECHNETIUM
Ru RUTHENIUM
Rh RHODIUM
Pd
PALLADIUM
Ag Cd CADMIUM
InINDIUM
Sn TIN
Sb
ANTIMONY
Te
TELLURIUM
I
IODINE
XeXENON
SILVER
Dark red Strontian Ytterby Gold-like Niobe Lead Artificial Russia Rose-coloured Pallas Soilfur Calamine Indigo Tin Not alone Earth Violet Stranger

55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

CsCAESIUM
Ba
BARIUM
E57-71 Hf
HAFNIUM
Ta
TANTALUM
W
TUNGSTEN
Re
RHENIUM
Os
OSMIUM
Ir
IRIDIUM
Pt
PLATINUM
Au GOLD
Hg MERCURY
Tl
THALLIUM
Pb LEAD
Bi
BISMUTH
Po
POLONIUM
At
ASTATINE
Rn RADON
Sky blue Heavy Copenhagen Tantalus Heavy stone Rhine Smell Iris Little silver Gold Mercury Green twig Lead White mass Poland Unstable Radium

87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr
FRANCIUM
Ra
RADIUM E89-103 Rf
RUTHERFORDIUM
Db
DUBNIUM
Sg
SEABORGIUM
Bh BOHRIUM
Hs
HASSIUM
Mt
MEITNERIUM
Ds
DARMSTADTIUM
Rg ROENTGENIUM
Cn COPERNICIUM
Nh NIHONIUM
Fl
FLEROVIUM
Mcmoscovium
Lv
LIVERMORIUM
Ts
TENNESSINE
Og
OGANESSON
France Ray Ernest Rutherford Dubna Glenn Seaborg Niels Bohr Hessen Lise Meitner Darmstadt Wilhem Röntgen Copernicus Japan Georgy Flerov Moscow Livermore Lab Tennessee Yuri Oganessian

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La
LANTHANIUM
Ce CERIUM
Pr
PRASEODYMIUM
Nd NEODYMIUM
Pm PROMETHIUM
Sm SAMARIUM
Eu
EUROPIUM
Gd GADOLINIUM
TbTERBIUM
Dy
DYSPROSIUM
HoHOLMIUM
ErERBIUM
Tm THULIUM
Yb
YTTERBIUM
Lu
LUTECIUM
Lie hidden Ceres Green twin New twin Prometheus Samarskite Europe Johan Gadolin Ytterby Hard to obtain Holmia Ytterby Thule Ytterby Paris

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac
ACTINIUM
Th
THORIUM
Pa
PROTACTINIUM
U
URANIUM
Np NEPTUNIUM
Pu
PLUTONIUM
Am CmAMERICIUM CURIUM
Bk
BERKELIUM
Cf
CALIFORNIUM
Es
EINSTEINIUM
Fm FERMIUM
Md
MENDELEVIUM
NoNOBELIUM
Lr
LAWRENCIUM
Ray Thor First ray Uranus Neptune Pluto America Marie Curie Berkeley California Albert Einstein Enrico Fermi Dmitri Mendeleev Alfred Nobel Ernest Lawrence

© Andy Brunning – www.compoundchem.com. Produced in collaboration with Prof Mark Lorch, University of Hull.
Ci CHEMUNICATE Shared under a Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution-NoDerivatives-NonCommercial licence. BY NC ND

!25
PERIODIC TABLE: ELEMENT NAME ORIGINS
1 2
Symbol Key Language of Origin Name Source
H He

Table Colour Key

Hydrogen
Atomic number Element symbol
GREEK ANGLO-SAXON MINERAL HELIUM
Water-forming Sun
LATIN SPANISH ASTRONOMICAL BODY
1
3

Li
4

Be H
Hydrogen
RUSSIAN
ENGLISH
NORSE
ARABIC
MYTHOLOGY
5

B
6

C
7

N
8

O
9

F
10

Ne
LITHIUM BERYLLIUM BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON
Water-forming
PERSON
Stone Berylios GERMAN GAELIC Buraq/borax Charcoal Nitre-forming Acid-forming To flow New

Language SWEDISH NONE – FROM NAME PLACE

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Mg
of origin

Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
Element name Origin/meaning
JAPANESE PROPERTIES
SODIUM MAGNESIUM ALUMINIUM SILICON PHOSPHORUS SULFUR CHLORINE ARGON
Soda Magnesia Bitter salt Flint Bringer of light Brimstone Greenish-yellow Idle

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K
POTASSIUM
Ca
CALCIUM
Sc
SCANDIUM
Ti
TITANIUM
V
VANADIUM
Cr
CHROMIUM
Mn MANGANESE
Fe IRON
Co COBALT
Ni NICKEL
Cu COPPER
Zn ZINC
GaGALLIUM
Ge
GERMANIUM
AsARSENIC
Se
SELENIUM
Br
BROMINE
Kr
KRYPTON
Potash Lime Scandinavia Titans Vanadis/Freya Colour Magnet Iren Goblin Devil’s copper From Cyprus Zink France/Gaul Germany Orpiment Moon Stench Hidden

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

RbRUBIDIUM
Sr
STRONTIUM
Y
YTTRIUM
Zr
ZIRCONIUM
Nb NIOBIUM
Mo
MOLYBDENUM
Tc
TECHNETIUM
Ru RUTHENIUM
Rh RHODIUM
Pd
PALLADIUM
Ag Cd CADMIUM
InINDIUM
Sn TIN
Sb
ANTIMONY
Te
TELLURIUM
I
IODINE
XeXENON
SILVER
Dark red Strontian Ytterby Gold-like Niobe Lead Artificial Russia Rose-coloured Pallas Soilfur Calamine Indigo Tin Not alone Earth Violet Stranger

55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

CsCAESIUM
Ba
BARIUM
E57-71 Hf
HAFNIUM
Ta
TANTALUM
W
TUNGSTEN
Re
RHENIUM
Os
OSMIUM
Ir
IRIDIUM
Pt
PLATINUM
Au GOLD
Hg MERCURY
Tl
THALLIUM
Pb LEAD
Bi
BISMUTH
Po
POLONIUM
At
ASTATINE
Rn RADON
Sky blue Heavy Copenhagen Tantalus Heavy stone Rhine Smell Iris Little silver Gold Mercury Green twig Lead White mass Poland Unstable Radium

87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr
FRANCIUM
Ra
RADIUM E89-103 Rf
RUTHERFORDIUM
Db
DUBNIUM
Sg
SEABORGIUM
Bh BOHRIUM
Hs
HASSIUM
Mt
MEITNERIUM
Ds
DARMSTADTIUM
Rg ROENTGENIUM
Cn COPERNICIUM
Nh NIHONIUM
Fl
FLEROVIUM
Mcmoscovium
Lv
LIVERMORIUM
Ts
TENNESSINE
Og
OGANESSON
France Ray Ernest Rutherford Dubna Glenn Seaborg Niels Bohr Hessen Lise Meitner Darmstadt Wilhem Röntgen Copernicus Japan Georgy Flerov Moscow Livermore Lab Tennessee Yuri Oganessian

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La
LANTHANIUM
Ce CERIUM
Pr
PRASEODYMIUM
Nd NEODYMIUM
Pm PROMETHIUM
Sm SAMARIUM
Eu
EUROPIUM
Gd GADOLINIUM
TbTERBIUM
Dy
DYSPROSIUM
HoHOLMIUM
ErERBIUM
Tm THULIUM
Yb
YTTERBIUM
Lu
LUTECIUM
Lie hidden Ceres Green twin New twin Prometheus Samarskite Europe Johan Gadolin Ytterby Hard to obtain Holmia Ytterby Thule Ytterby Paris

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac
ACTINIUM
Th
THORIUM
Pa
PROTACTINIUM
U
URANIUM
Np NEPTUNIUM
Pu
PLUTONIUM
Am Cm
AMERICIUM CURIUM
Bk
BERKELIUM
Cf
CALIFORNIUM
Es
EINSTEINIUM
Fm FERMIUM
Md
MENDELEVIUM
NoNOBELIUM
Lr
LAWRENCIUM
Ray Thor First ray Uranus Neptune Pluto America Marie Curie Berkeley California Albert Einstein Enrico Fermi Dmitri Mendeleev Alfred Nobel Ernest Lawrence

© Andy Brunning – www.compoundchem.com. Produced in collaboration with Prof Mark Lorch, University of Hull.
Ci CHEMUNICATE Shared under a Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution-NoDerivatives-NonCommercial licence. BY NC ND

!26
 Golongan dan
Periode
• 18 Golongan (1-18)

• Kesamaan Sifat

• Jumlah elektron valensi

• 7 Periode

• Kulit elektron terluar

!27
• 1A, IIIA (US, Western Europe)

• 1B, IIIB (Russia)

• 1990-an (IUPAC)

• 1-18

!28
• I : Logam Alkali

• 2 : Logam Alkali Tanah

• 3 - 12 : Logam Transisi

• 13 : Keluarga Boron • Lantanida

• 14 : Keluarga Karbon • Aktinida

• 15 : Pniktogen

• 16 : Kalkogen

• 17 : Halogen

• 18 : Gas Mulia

29
 Sifat
Keperiodikan
• Jari-jari atom

• Jari-jari atom dapat

dikelompokkan menjadi jari-jari
logam dan jari-jari kovalen. Jari-
jari logam merupakan setengah
jarak 2 inti atom logam dalam
sebuah kristal logam murni
sedangkan jari-jari kovalen
diukur dari struktur kovalen
suatu unsur

30
r O = 115 pm

230 pm

31
PERIODIC TABLE: ELEMENT NAME ORIGINS
1 2
Symbol Key Language of Origin Name Source
H He

Table Colour Key

Hydrogen
Atomic number Element symbol
GREEK ANGLO-SAXON MINERAL HELIUM
Water-forming Sun
LATIN SPANISH ASTRONOMICAL BODY
1
3

Li
4

Be H
Hydrogen
RUSSIAN
ENGLISH
NORSE
ARABIC
MYTHOLOGY
5

B
6

C
7

N
8

O
9

F
10

Ne
LITHIUM BERYLLIUM BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON
Water-forming
PERSON
Stone Berylios GERMAN GAELIC Buraq/borax Charcoal Nitre-forming Acid-forming To flow New

Language SWEDISH NONE – FROM NAME PLACE

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Mg
of origin

Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
Element name Origin/meaning
JAPANESE PROPERTIES
SODIUM MAGNESIUM ALUMINIUM SILICON PHOSPHORUS SULFUR CHLORINE ARGON
Soda Magnesia Bitter salt Flint Bringer of light Brimstone Greenish-yellow Idle

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K
POTASSIUM
Ca
CALCIUM
Sc
SCANDIUM
Ti
TITANIUM
V
VANADIUM
Cr
CHROMIUM
Mn MANGANESE
Fe IRON
Co COBALT
Ni NICKEL
Cu COPPER
Zn ZINC
GaGALLIUM
Ge
GERMANIUM
AsARSENIC
Se
SELENIUM
Br
BROMINE
Kr
KRYPTON
Potash Lime Scandinavia Titans Vanadis/Freya Colour Magnet Iren Goblin Devil’s copper From Cyprus Zink France/Gaul Germany Orpiment Moon Stench Hidden

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

RbRUBIDIUM
Sr
STRONTIUM
Y
YTTRIUM
Zr
ZIRCONIUM
Nb NIOBIUM
Mo
MOLYBDENUM
Tc
TECHNETIUM
Ru RUTHENIUM
Rh RHODIUM
Pd
PALLADIUM
Ag Cd CADMIUM
InINDIUM
Sn TIN
Sb
ANTIMONY
Te
TELLURIUM
I
IODINE
XeXENON
SILVER
Dark red Strontian Ytterby Gold-like Niobe Lead Artificial Russia Rose-coloured Pallas Soilfur Calamine Indigo Tin Not alone Earth Violet Stranger

55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

CsCAESIUM
Ba
BARIUM
E57-71 Hf
HAFNIUM
Ta
TANTALUM
W
TUNGSTEN
Re
RHENIUM
Os
OSMIUM
Ir
IRIDIUM
Pt
PLATINUM
Au GOLD
Hg MERCURY
Tl
THALLIUM
Pb LEAD
Bi
BISMUTH
Po
POLONIUM
At
ASTATINE
Rn RADON
Sky blue Heavy Copenhagen Tantalus Heavy stone Rhine Smell Iris Little silver Gold Mercury Green twig Lead White mass Poland Unstable Radium

87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr
FRANCIUM
Ra
RADIUM E89-103 Rf
RUTHERFORDIUM
Db
DUBNIUM
Sg
SEABORGIUM
Bh BOHRIUM
Hs
HASSIUM
Mt
MEITNERIUM
Ds
DARMSTADTIUM
Rg ROENTGENIUM
Cn COPERNICIUM
Nh NIHONIUM
Fl
FLEROVIUM
Mcmoscovium
Lv
LIVERMORIUM
Ts
TENNESSINE
Og
OGANESSON
France Ray Ernest Rutherford Dubna Glenn Seaborg Niels Bohr Hessen Lise Meitner Darmstadt Wilhem Röntgen Copernicus Japan Georgy Flerov Moscow Livermore Lab Tennessee Yuri Oganessian

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La
LANTHANIUM
Ce CERIUM
Pr
PRASEODYMIUM
Nd NEODYMIUM
Pm PROMETHIUM
Sm SAMARIUM
Eu
EUROPIUM
Gd GADOLINIUM
TbTERBIUM
Dy
DYSPROSIUM
HoHOLMIUM
ErERBIUM
Tm THULIUM
Yb
YTTERBIUM
Lu
LUTECIUM
Lie hidden Ceres Green twin New twin Prometheus Samarskite Europe Johan Gadolin Ytterby Hard to obtain Holmia Ytterby Thule Ytterby Paris

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac
ACTINIUM
Th
THORIUM
Pa
PROTACTINIUM
U
URANIUM
Np NEPTUNIUM
Pu
PLUTONIUM
Am CmAMERICIUM CURIUM
Bk
BERKELIUM
Cf
CALIFORNIUM
Es
EINSTEINIUM
Fm FERMIUM
Md
MENDELEVIUM
NoNOBELIUM
Lr
LAWRENCIUM
Ray Thor First ray Uranus Neptune Pluto America Marie Curie Berkeley California Albert Einstein Enrico Fermi Dmitri Mendeleev Alfred Nobel Ernest Lawrence

© Andy Brunning – www.compoundchem.com. Produced in collaboration with Prof Mark Lorch, University of Hull.
Ci CHEMUNICATE Shared under a Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution-NoDerivatives-NonCommercial licence. BY NC ND

!32
• Dalam 1 golongan, kulit elektron terluar semakin ke bawah akan
semakin tinggi sehingga jari-jari atom akan semakin besar

• Dalam 1 periode, muatan inti akan meningkat dari kiri ke kanan

(banyaknya proton) maka gaya tarik inti dengan elektron akan
semakin kuat sehingga jarak elektron ke inti akan semakin dekat

!33
• Energi Ionisasi

• merupakan energi yang dibutuhkan untuk melepaskan satu

elektron terluar dari suatu atom/ion dalam keadaan gas
+ −
Na(g) → Na(g) +e

• Affinitas Elektron
• merupakan energi yang dibutuhkan/dilepaskan untuk
menerima satu elektron dari suatu atom/ion dalam keadaan gas
− −
Cl(g) + e → Cl(g)

!34
• Affinitas elektron bernilai positif jika ion yang terbentuk setelah
proses affinitas elektron lebih tidak stabil dibandingkan dengan
sebelum affinitas elektron

• Affinitas elektron bernilai negatif jika ion yang terbentuk setelah

proses affinitas elektron lebih stabil dibandingkan dengan
sebelum affinitas elektron

!35
PERIODIC TABLE: ELEMENT NAME ORIGINS
1 2
Symbol Key Language of Origin Name Source
H He

Table Colour Key

Hydrogen
Atomic number Element symbol
GREEK ANGLO-SAXON MINERAL HELIUM
Water-forming Sun
LATIN SPANISH ASTRONOMICAL BODY
1
3

Li
4

Be H
Hydrogen
RUSSIAN
ENGLISH
NORSE
ARABIC
MYTHOLOGY
5

B
6

C
7

N
8

O
9

F
10

Ne
LITHIUM BERYLLIUM BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON
Water-forming
PERSON
Stone Berylios GERMAN GAELIC Buraq/borax Charcoal Nitre-forming Acid-forming To flow New

Language SWEDISH NONE – FROM NAME PLACE

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Mg
of origin

Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
Element name Origin/meaning
JAPANESE PROPERTIES
SODIUM MAGNESIUM ALUMINIUM SILICON PHOSPHORUS SULFUR CHLORINE ARGON
Soda Magnesia Bitter salt Flint Bringer of light Brimstone Greenish-yellow Idle

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K
POTASSIUM
Ca
CALCIUM
Sc
SCANDIUM
Ti
TITANIUM
V
VANADIUM
Cr
CHROMIUM
Mn MANGANESE
Fe IRON
Co COBALT
Ni NICKEL
Cu COPPER
Zn ZINC
GaGALLIUM
Ge
GERMANIUM
AsARSENIC
Se
SELENIUM
Br
BROMINE
Kr
KRYPTON
Potash Lime Scandinavia Titans Vanadis/Freya Colour Magnet Iren Goblin Devil’s copper From Cyprus Zink France/Gaul Germany Orpiment Moon Stench Hidden

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

RbRUBIDIUM
Sr
STRONTIUM
Y
YTTRIUM
Zr
ZIRCONIUM
Nb NIOBIUM
Mo
MOLYBDENUM
Tc
TECHNETIUM
Ru RUTHENIUM
Rh RHODIUM
Pd
PALLADIUM
Ag Cd CADMIUM
InINDIUM
Sn TIN
Sb
ANTIMONY
Te
TELLURIUM
I
IODINE
XeXENON
SILVER
Dark red Strontian Ytterby Gold-like Niobe Lead Artificial Russia Rose-coloured Pallas Soilfur Calamine Indigo Tin Not alone Earth Violet Stranger

55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

CsCAESIUM
Ba
BARIUM
E57-71 Hf
HAFNIUM
Ta
TANTALUM
W
TUNGSTEN
Re
RHENIUM
Os
OSMIUM
Ir
IRIDIUM
Pt
PLATINUM
Au GOLD
Hg MERCURY
Tl
THALLIUM
Pb LEAD
Bi
BISMUTH
Po
POLONIUM
At
ASTATINE
Rn RADON
Sky blue Heavy Copenhagen Tantalus Heavy stone Rhine Smell Iris Little silver Gold Mercury Green twig Lead White mass Poland Unstable Radium

87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr
FRANCIUM
Ra
RADIUM E89-103 Rf
RUTHERFORDIUM
Db
DUBNIUM
Sg
SEABORGIUM
Bh BOHRIUM
Hs
HASSIUM
Mt
MEITNERIUM
Ds
DARMSTADTIUM
Rg ROENTGENIUM
Cn COPERNICIUM
Nh NIHONIUM
Fl
FLEROVIUM
Mcmoscovium
Lv
LIVERMORIUM
Ts
TENNESSINE
Og
OGANESSON
France Ray Ernest Rutherford Dubna Glenn Seaborg Niels Bohr Hessen Lise Meitner Darmstadt Wilhem Röntgen Copernicus Japan Georgy Flerov Moscow Livermore Lab Tennessee Yuri Oganessian

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La
LANTHANIUM
Ce CERIUM
Pr
PRASEODYMIUM
Nd NEODYMIUM
Pm PROMETHIUM
Sm SAMARIUM
Eu
EUROPIUM
Gd GADOLINIUM
TbTERBIUM
Dy
DYSPROSIUM
HoHOLMIUM
ErERBIUM
Tm THULIUM
Yb
YTTERBIUM
Lu
LUTECIUM
Lie hidden Ceres Green twin New twin Prometheus Samarskite Europe Johan Gadolin Ytterby Hard to obtain Holmia Ytterby Thule Ytterby Paris

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac
ACTINIUM
Th
THORIUM
Pa
PROTACTINIUM
U
URANIUM
Np NEPTUNIUM
Pu
PLUTONIUM
Am CmAMERICIUM CURIUM
Bk
BERKELIUM
Cf
CALIFORNIUM
Es
EINSTEINIUM
Fm FERMIUM
Md
MENDELEVIUM
NoNOBELIUM
Lr
LAWRENCIUM
Ray Thor First ray Uranus Neptune Pluto America Marie Curie Berkeley California Albert Einstein Enrico Fermi Dmitri Mendeleev Alfred Nobel Ernest Lawrence

© Andy Brunning – www.compoundchem.com. Produced in collaboration with Prof Mark Lorch, University of Hull.
Ci CHEMUNICATE Shared under a Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution-NoDerivatives-NonCommercial licence. BY NC ND

!36
• Keelektronegatifan
• merupakan kemampuan suatu atom untuk menarik elektron
sehingga memiliki kecenderungan untuk bermuatan negatif/
parsial negatif

δ- δ+

A—B

!37
PERIODIC TABLE: ELEMENT NAME ORIGINS
1 2
Symbol Key Language of Origin Name Source
H He

Table Colour Key

Hydrogen
Atomic number Element symbol
GREEK ANGLO-SAXON MINERAL HELIUM
Water-forming Sun
LATIN SPANISH ASTRONOMICAL BODY
1
3

Li
4

Be H
Hydrogen
RUSSIAN
ENGLISH
NORSE
ARABIC
MYTHOLOGY
5

B
6

C
7

N
8

O
9

F
10

Ne
LITHIUM BERYLLIUM BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON
Water-forming
PERSON
Stone Berylios GERMAN GAELIC Buraq/borax Charcoal Nitre-forming Acid-forming To flow New

Language SWEDISH NONE – FROM NAME PLACE

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Mg
of origin

Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
Element name Origin/meaning
JAPANESE PROPERTIES
SODIUM MAGNESIUM ALUMINIUM SILICON PHOSPHORUS SULFUR CHLORINE ARGON
Soda Magnesia Bitter salt Flint Bringer of light Brimstone Greenish-yellow Idle

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K
POTASSIUM
Ca
CALCIUM
Sc
SCANDIUM
Ti
TITANIUM
V
VANADIUM
Cr
CHROMIUM
Mn MANGANESE
Fe IRON
Co COBALT
Ni NICKEL
Cu COPPER
Zn ZINC
GaGALLIUM
Ge
GERMANIUM
AsARSENIC
Se
SELENIUM
Br
BROMINE
Kr
KRYPTON
Potash Lime Scandinavia Titans Vanadis/Freya Colour Magnet Iren Goblin Devil’s copper From Cyprus Zink France/Gaul Germany Orpiment Moon Stench Hidden

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

RbRUBIDIUM
Sr
STRONTIUM
Y
YTTRIUM
Zr
ZIRCONIUM
Nb NIOBIUM
Mo
MOLYBDENUM
Tc
TECHNETIUM
Ru RUTHENIUM
Rh RHODIUM
Pd
PALLADIUM
Ag Cd CADMIUM
InINDIUM
Sn TIN
Sb
ANTIMONY
Te
TELLURIUM
I
IODINE
XeXENON
SILVER
Dark red Strontian Ytterby Gold-like Niobe Lead Artificial Russia Rose-coloured Pallas Soilfur Calamine Indigo Tin Not alone Earth Violet Stranger

55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

CsCAESIUM
Ba
BARIUM
E57-71 Hf
HAFNIUM
Ta
TANTALUM
W
TUNGSTEN
Re
RHENIUM
Os
OSMIUM
Ir
IRIDIUM
Pt
PLATINUM
Au GOLD
Hg MERCURY
Tl
THALLIUM
Pb LEAD
Bi
BISMUTH
Po
POLONIUM
At
ASTATINE
Rn RADON
Sky blue Heavy Copenhagen Tantalus Heavy stone Rhine Smell Iris Little silver Gold Mercury Green twig Lead White mass Poland Unstable Radium

87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr
FRANCIUM
Ra
RADIUM E89-103 Rf
RUTHERFORDIUM
Db
DUBNIUM
Sg
SEABORGIUM
Bh BOHRIUM
Hs
HASSIUM
Mt
MEITNERIUM
Ds
DARMSTADTIUM
Rg ROENTGENIUM
Cn COPERNICIUM
Nh NIHONIUM
Fl
FLEROVIUM
Mcmoscovium
Lv
LIVERMORIUM
Ts
TENNESSINE
Og
OGANESSON
France Ray Ernest Rutherford Dubna Glenn Seaborg Niels Bohr Hessen Lise Meitner Darmstadt Wilhem Röntgen Copernicus Japan Georgy Flerov Moscow Livermore Lab Tennessee Yuri Oganessian

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La
LANTHANIUM
Ce CERIUM
Pr
PRASEODYMIUM
Nd NEODYMIUM
Pm PROMETHIUM
Sm SAMARIUM
Eu
EUROPIUM
Gd GADOLINIUM
TbTERBIUM
Dy
DYSPROSIUM
HoHOLMIUM
ErERBIUM
Tm THULIUM
Yb
YTTERBIUM
Lu
LUTECIUM
Lie hidden Ceres Green twin New twin Prometheus Samarskite Europe Johan Gadolin Ytterby Hard to obtain Holmia Ytterby Thule Ytterby Paris

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac
ACTINIUM
Th
THORIUM
Pa
PROTACTINIUM
U
URANIUM
Np NEPTUNIUM
Pu
PLUTONIUM
Am CmAMERICIUM CURIUM
Bk
BERKELIUM
Cf
CALIFORNIUM
Es
EINSTEINIUM
Fm FERMIUM
Md
MENDELEVIUM
NoNOBELIUM
Lr
LAWRENCIUM
Ray Thor First ray Uranus Neptune Pluto America Marie Curie Berkeley California Albert Einstein Enrico Fermi Dmitri Mendeleev Alfred Nobel Ernest Lawrence

© Andy Brunning – www.compoundchem.com. Produced in collaboration with Prof Mark Lorch, University of Hull.
Ci CHEMUNICATE Shared under a Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution-NoDerivatives-NonCommercial licence. BY NC ND

!38
• Bagaimana dengan Gas Mulia ? (Ne dan Ar)

• Apakah nilai keelektronegatifan > 4,00 (F) ?

• Apakah nilai keelektronegatifan < 4,00 (F) ?

• Apakah nilai keelektronegatifan = 4,00 (F) ?

!39
Contoh Soal

!40
!41
!42
 Referensi
• Housecrouft, C.E., Sharpe A.G. (2012): Inorganic Chemistry, Pearson Prentice
Hall, Edinburg

• http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter02/
Text_Images/FG02_03.JPG

• http://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/38/brownian-motion1.PNG

• https://webspace.yale.edu/chem125/125/kinetics/Boltzmann/boltzmann.jpg

• http://chem.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/77905/CK12_Screenshot_4-13-1.png?
revision=1&size=bestfit&width=503&height=229

• http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford.jpg

• http://jtgnew.sjrdesign.net/images/spectra_hydrogen.jpg.

!43