Motion at Foundation
2
1
1 2
Input Motion
m
c
Gerakan Massa-Pegas
m
c
2 2
T==
4
d = frekuensi natural teredam=d n 1 − D 2 5
4 5
Mode 1
m
K, C
+S lantai T
T=
10
6 7
ma + c v + k y = F
8 9
8 9
T1 T2 T3 T4
a2 a3
a1 a4
T1 T2 T3 T4
a2 a3
a1 a4
Acceleration (g)
a3 Acceleration (g)
a3
a2
a2
a1
a1
a4
a4
10 11
T1 T2 T3 T4 Period (sec) T1 T2 T3 T4 Period (sec)
10 11
T1 T2 T3 T4
a2 a3
a1 a4
SAN-S
Spectral Acceleration
SAE-W
Acceleration (g)
SAgeometric mean = V SAN-S x SAE-W < SAmaximum gabungan dua arah
a3
T
a1
12
13
T1 T2 T3 T4 Period (sec)
12 13
14 15
14 15
16 17
16 17
18 19
18 19
20 21
20 21
0.2 sec
1.0 sec
1,000 tahun
Averaged from 4 groups of study
22 23
22 23
Differences
SNI-2002 SNI-2011 (ASCE-2010) Response Spectra
Equal Hazard (10% in 50 yrs) Equal Risk of Collapse (1% in 50 yrs)
Map of PGA a2
Map of S1
a1
a4
PGA 24 25
PGA S0.2 S1 T1 T2 T3 T4 Period (sec)
24 25
T1 T2 T3 T4
a2 a3
Response Spectra Velocity
T
a1 a4
1
T1 T2
a2
T3 T4
Acceleration (g)
a2 a3
a1 V2 V3
V1 V4a4
a3
a2 Velocity
Acceleration (g)
V2a3
a1 V4
a2
V1
a4 V3a1
eration (g)
a4
T T T 1 2 3 T Period (sec) 4
26 27
T1 T2 T3 T4 Period (sec)
26 27
a3
a1
a2
V2 Va33 a4 a1
a2
D2 Da33 a4
V1 V4 D1 D4
a1
Velocity
Acceleration (g) Displacement
Acceleration (g)
V2a3 a3
V4 D4a
a2 2
V1
V3a1 a4 D3
a1
a4 D2a4
D1
28 29
T1 T2 T3 T4 Period (sec) T1 T2 T3 T4 Period (sec)
28 29
a2 a3
a1 a4
a2
D = A (Tn2 / (2)2)
1g=9.8 m/det2=386 in/det2
a1
A
a4
T1 T2 T3 T4 Period (sec)
Tn
31
30
30 31
Sumbu Kecepatan
32 33
10000
Constant
Average
acceleration
Average + StDev
Constant
velocity
displacement
Sa D = A (Tn2 / (2)2)
100
a = Konstanta/T2
Cv
T
10
Tipikal Response Spectra
in Tripartite Format
EPA=0.4 Sa
Cd
T2
1
To Ts Td Perioda
0.01 0.1 1 10 34 35
Period (sec) Bangunan (T)
34 35
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES OF BRIDGE CODE SNI-2833 SIGNIFICANT CHANGES OF BUILDING CODE SNI-1726
SNI 2008 SNI 2016 SNI 2002 SNI 2012 SNI 2019
Partial Adoption from Partial Adoption from
S1 SD1=(2/3)S1 SD1=(2/3)S1
Cv Cv
T S1 T SD1 SD1
PGA PGAds T PGA 0.4Sds T 0.4Sds T
SD1 TL
T2
0 T (sec) 0 0.2 1.0 T (sec) 36 0 T (sec) 0 0.2 1.0 T (sec) 0 0.2 1.0 37T (sec)
TL
36 37
Kondisi Tanah
39
38
38 39
Batuan
Tanah Lunak Tanah Sedang
21x
C
R=380 KM
6 cm/y /mc 6
rS
ubd buS
ry Mexico Earthquake 1985
uct cud
ion oit Mexico 4-5x
Zo n City
ne oZ eMiddle B
M antle en l tn a M
American
Trench
Surfacial layer
EQ, M =8.1 1-D wave
propagation
an 6 cm/y
rS
ubd
uct
ion A
x
40 Zo Bedrock 41
M antle ne
40 41
Gambar 9 –SS (S0.2), Gempa maksimum yang dipertimbangkan risiko-tersesuaikan (MCER), kelas situs SB
43
42
6-18 Modified Input Ground Motion di Bedrock
42 43
SMS = Fa SS
Spectral Acceleration
SPGA
SM1 = Fv S1
SPGA = Fpga PGA SMS = Fa SS SM1 = Fv S1
Ground Surface
T
0.2 1.0
T0= 0.2 Ts
Fpga Fa Fv
SS (Tabel 3) (Tabel 4) (Tabel 5)
Spectral Acceleration
Spektra di Batuan Dasar SB
Soil Type
PGA
S1
Gambar 9 –S1, Gempa maksimum yang dipertimbangkan risiko-tersesuaikan (MCER), kelas situs SB PGA SS S1
(Gambar 8) (Gambar 9) (Gambar 10)
T
44 0.0 0.2 1.0 Bedrock SB45
44 45
30m
Parameter
dinamis tanah
4-5x
B
x
A
Bedrock
Bedrock SB
46 47
Prof. Dr. Masyhur Irsyam (ITB-HATTI-PuSGeN)
46 47
Klasifikasi site
(SNI-2002, UBC-97, IBC-2009, ASCE 7-10, ASCE 7-16)
Faktor Amplifikasi
Klasifikasi Site V s (m/dt) N Su (kPa)
A. Batuan Keras > 1500 N/A N/A
B. Batuan 750 < < 1500 N/A N/A
C. Tanah Sangat Padat
350 < < 750 >50 > 100
duc Atau setiap profil lapisan tanah dengan ketebalan lebih dari 3 m dengan
karateristik sebagai berikut :
nZ
3.Kuat geser tak terdrainase < 25 kPa
48 e 49
Mencari kecepatan gelombang geser rata2 setebal 30m Mencari kecepatan gelombang geser rata2 setebal 30m
d1,Vs1 d1,Vs1
S di S di
Vsrata-rata = Vsrata-rata =
d4,Vs4 S Vsi
di
d4,Vs4 S Vsi
di
t t
50 51
10 (Pasal 5.4.2)
n
20 n d d
d
i =1
i i
N = 1 = i N
ch
=
m di
s
Depth (m)
vs = n di
30 n
i =1 N i
v
di
i =1 N
i =1 si
i
40
• di mana Ni dan di dalam Persamaan 3 berlaku untuk lapisan tanah
non-kohesif saja, dan , di mana ds adalah ketebalan total dari
50 lapisan tanah non-kohesif di dalam 30m lapisan paling atas. Ni
adalah tahanan penetrasi standar 60 persen energi (N60) yang
terukur langsung di lapangan tanpa koreksi, dengan nilai tidak lebih
60
dari 305. Jika ditemukan perlawanan lapisan batuan, maka nilai Ni
30 tidak boleh diambil lebih dari 305 pukulan/m.
vs = = 221.76 m/s → 180 m/s v s 360 m/s → S D
3 4 9 13 1
+ + + + 52 53
125 225 250 240 300
52 53
Spectral Acceleration
(Pasal 5.4.3)
Spectra at Ground Surface
Spectral Acceleration
• PI adalah indeks plastisitas, berdasarkan tata cara yang berlaku;
• w adalah kadar air dalam persen, sesuai tata cara yang berlaku;
Spectra at Bedrock SBC Soil Type
• sui adalah kuat geser niralir (kPa), dengan nilai tidak lebih dari 250 PGA
kPa seperti yang ditentukan dan sesuai dengan tata cara yang berlaku. S1
PGA SS S1
0.0 0.2 1.0 T
Bedrock SBC
54
55
Prof. Dr. Masyhur Irsyam (ITB-HATTI-PuSGeN)
54 55
30m
Parameter
dinamis tanah
4-5x
B
x
A
Bedrock
Bedrock SB
57
56
Prof. Dr. Masyhur Irsyam (ITB-HATTI-PuSGeN)
56 57
58 59
58 59
60
61
60 61
SAN-S
Spectral Acceleration
SAE-W
SAgeometric mean = V SAN-S x SAE-W < SAmaximum
gabungan dua arah
62
63
62 63
64 65
SAN-S
Spectral Acceleration
SAE-W
SAgeometric mean = V SAN-S x SAE-W < SAmaximum
gabungan dua arah
67
Prof. Dr. Masyhur Irsyam, MSE. (ITB-AIPI-PuSGeN)
66
66 67
Near-Fault
MCEG (Maximum Criteria Earthquake)
Considered
PGA atau SA
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES OF BUILDING CODE SNI-1726
Probabilistic 2500 yrs SNI 2002 SNI 2012 SNI 2019
(E.V. Leyendecker) Gambar 2.1 Gambar 11 Gambar 17
Deterministic 84th percentile
Fault Distance
Combination of
Probabilistic 2500 yrs Deterministic
68 69
68 69
Application of Earthquake Maps in SNI 1726:2019/ ASCE 2016 Application of Earthquake Maps Maps of Ss and S1 of MCER:
•Probabilistic+
in SNI 1726:2019/ ASCE 2016 •Deterministic + Risk of Collapse
• Fragility 1% in 50 yrs
Design Response Spectra •Maximum Direction
Map of TL :
Seismic Base Shear •De-Agregation
Upper Upper
Structure Structure
Sub Structure 70 71
Prof. Dr. Masyhur Irsyam, MSE. (ITB-AIPI-PuSGeN)
70 71
Ss Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) 2019 S1 Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) 2019
Ground Motion Parameter for 0.2 s Spectral Response Acceleration Ground Motion Parameter for 1.0 s Spectral Response Acceleration
(5% of Critical Damping and Site Class BC) (5% of Critical Damping and Site Class BC)
72 73
72 73
Time (sec)
T-B
U
Maximum response Value
B T T=T* (sec)
S
N
T-B
W E
S RotD100 untuk T*
T1*= T2*=
U-S
74 75
74 75
DZC180(1)
Maximum response Value
N N
W E W E
S S
a (g)
S1.0 max =1.3xS1.0 geometric mean
yang dibandingkan dng
Target Spektra
maximum response
76 77
76 77
SNI 2019
Naik 13%
Naik 5%
EERI Seminar
22-January-2018 Web Conference on Nextthe
with PuSGeN, Generation
National Attenuation Models Studies in Indonesia
Center for Earthquake
“Responses to questions from Indonesian National Standard Revision Team,” N. Luco (USGS) 7822, 2018
January
79
Prof. Dr. Masyhur Irsyam, MSE. (ITB-AIPI-PuSGeN)
78 79