PUSAT JANTUNG
NASIONAL HARAPAN
KITA
JAKARTA
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SEJARAH CRRT
1960 : The Idea is born
1977 : Kramer , melaporkan pengunaan CAVH
1981 : Bishchoff mengembangkan CVVH dng 1 pompa
1985 : Goronemus mengembangkan CAVHD
1987 : Uldall memperkenalkan CVVHD
1990 : Iqbal Mustafa Di RSJHK, CAVH sudah dilakukan
1992 : Iqbal Mustafa di RSJHK CAVHD sudah dilakukan
1993 : Iqbal Mustafa di RSJHK sudah memulai
mengunakan CVVH & CVVHD dgn mesin satu
pompa
2000 : RSJHK sudah mengunakan mesin CRRT dgn
sistem 4 pompa
Obyektif
ASKEP CRRT
DEFINISI
CRRT (Continuous renal replacement
therapy) adalah
Suatu bentuk terapy extra corporal yang
mana darah mengalir dari arteri ke vena
atau dari vena ke vena melalui
haemofilter , menggantikan fungsi ginjal
yang menurun digunakan selama 24 jam
sehingga dapat mengeluarkan cairan,
elektrolit dan zat-zat yang tidak diperlukan
secara terus menerus.
KOMPONEN :
INDIKASI CRRT
1. OLIGURIA ( < 500 ML/D)
2. ANURIA ( < 50 ML/D)
3. BUN > 85 MG/DL
4. UREUM >200MG/DL CREATININE > 4.5 MG/DL
5. POTASSIUM > 6 MMOL
6. PULMONARY EDEMA NOT RESPONSIVE TO DIURETICS
7. SEVERE ACIDEMIA (pH<7,1, BE>10)
8. OVERT UREMIC SYMPTOM :
- ENCEPHALOPATHY
- PERICARDITIS
- BLEEDING DIATHESIS
9. PROGRESSIVE SEVERE DYSNATREMIA
10. ANASARKA
11. HYPERTERMIA
12. OVERDOSIS WITH DIALYZABLE DRUG
PRINSIP DASAR CRRT
1) Ultrafiltrasi
2) Konveksi
3) Difusi
4) Adsorpsi
ULTRAFILTRASI
Perpindahan cairan
melewati membran
semipermiable
karena adanya
perbedaan tekanan
KONVEKSI
Perpindahan searah
solut-solut melewati
membran semipermiable
Mengikuti aliran air
DIFFUSI
Perpindahan solut
solut melewati
membran
semipermiable dari
area konsentrasi
tinggi ke rendah
sampai terjadi
keseimbangan
ADSORPSI
Menempelnya
solut-solut,zat-
zat dan obat-
obatan pada
permukaan
membran
MODE CRRT
Spontaneus
Blood CAVH
Circulation CAVHD
CAVHDF
SCUF
CVVH
Pumped CVVHD
Blood CVVHDF
Circulation
SCUF
Slow Continuous Ultra Filtration:
Proses pengeluaran cairan secara
kontinyu melalui membran semi permiable
dengan filtrasi lambat, tanpa cairan
pengganti.
Indikasi
Kelebihan cairan
Definitions
SCUF
Slow Continuous
Ultra-Filtration
Arterio-venous or veno-venous
Slow convection
Filtrate flow < 5 ml/min Measuring
device
(< 3 l/d)
No replacement fluid
Treatment time less than one day
Filtrate
SCUF
How it works
Application of transmembrane pressure to a highly
permeable hemofilter results in the generation of
plasma ultrafiltrate. No substitution fluid is
administered in SCUF because the absolute
ultrafiltration rate is closely tied to the patients net
plasma water loss rate requirement. As such, SCUF
is designed only to remove excess plasma water in a
patient with volume overload.
Clinical indications
Fluid overload
CVVH
Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration
Proses pengeluaran cairan scr kontinyu
Melalui membran semi permiable dg cara
konveksi, vena venous ,diperlukan cairan
pengganti.
Indikasi
Kelebihan cairan
CHF
AKI
Sepsis
CVVH
How it works
A highly permeable filter is used to remove fluid by ultrafiltration and
solutes by convection. Absolute ultrafiltration rates (1-3 L/h) greatly
in excess of the patients net plasma water losses are replaced with
intravenous quality substitution fluid to prevent intravascular volume
depletion. The substitution fluid may be delivered into the arterial line
(pre-dilution), in the venous line (post-dilution) or
simultaneously(pre-/post- dilution mode)
Clinical indications
Fluid overload
Congestive heart failure
Acute renal failure
Crush syndrome
Sepsis
Definitions Replac
CVVH e-ment
fluid
Continuous-Veno-Venous
Haemofiltration
Veno-venous circuit
High permeable membrane
Ultrafiltration flow > 10ml/min
Measuring
( > 15 l/day) device
Continuous-Veno-Venous
Haemo-Dialysis
High permeable membrane Dialysate
Ultrafiltration rate ~ 0
Measuring
No replacement fluid device
CVVHDF
ment fluid
Continuous Veno-Venous
Haemo-Diafiltration
High permeable membrane
Ultrafiltration flow > 10 ml/min
(14-24 l/day)
A Blood pump (Flow = 50 -150 ml/min) Dialysate
Dialysat
required
A replacement pump (10-30 ml/min) and
a Pump for Dialysate (10-30 ml/min)
required
A filtrate pump required Filtrate +
Dialysate
TPE (Therapeutic Plasma Exchange)
Indikasi
Kegagalan hepar
Penyakit autoimun
Keracunan obat
Replac
e-ment
fluid
Therapeutic
Plasma
Exchange
Plasma Separator
Measuring
device
Filtrate
1. Penjelasan kepada pasien &
keluarga
2. Persiapan alat : Kanulasi, Priming,
Terminasi
3. Persiapan pasien
4. Prosedur menyiapkan & mengakhiri
CRRT
PENJELASAN PASIEN & KELUARGA
Pastikan pasien
mengerti penjelasan
Posisi pasien
senyaman mungkin
sehingga aliran darah
melalui akses vaskuler
lancr
VASCULAR ACCES
Vena Jugular
Vena Subclavian
Vena Femoral
Cuci tangan
Memastikan order
Set up > sesuai petunjuk mesin, siapkan
heparin infus
Nyalakan mesin > pastikan detektor udara
sudah aktif
Buka paket filtrasi & pertahankan kesterilan
Letakkan hemofiltrasi posisi vertikal,& letakan
UF drain di bawah level jantung pasien
Letakkan priming solution di ujung tubing
vena & empty bag di ujung artery tubing
Start program priming
Bila priming sudah selesai, mesin akan
memberikan keterangan priming oke
Membuang udara
Memberikan heparin pada seluruh sirkuit
Membuang bahan sterilan (Glycerin,
Ethylin oxide)
Memastikan sistem tidak bocor
PENYAMBUNGAN SIRKUIT KE PASIEN