Ginjal/Kidneys
Ureter/Ureters
Kandung kemih
(urinary bladder)
Uretra/Urethra
Figure 15.1a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fungsi Sistem Perkemihan
Membuang sisa metabolisme :
Nitrogenous : ureum, creatinin, uric
acid.
Racun-racun/Toxins
Obat-obat/Drugs
1. Ekskresi/Pembentukan Urine
• Mempertahankan homeostasis
– Mengatur tonisitas ECF
– Mengatur volume ECF
– Mengatur pH ECF
2. Endokrin/Hormon (Non Ekskresi)
• Menghasilkan renin mengatur TD
• Menghasilkan erythropoeitin stimulasi
eritropoeisis oleh sumsum tulang
• Mengaktifkan vitamin D absorbsi Ca
dalam usus dipermudah
• Degradasi insulin
• Menghasilkan prostaglandin
Internal Anatomy of Kidneys
Internal Anatomy of Kidneys
• Renal corpuscle • Tubules
– Bowman’s capsule – Proximal
• Parietal layer (convoluted)
• Visceral layer tubule
– Glomerulus – Loops of Henle
• Network of • Descending limb
capillaries • Ascending limb
• Arterioles – Distal
(convoluted)
– Afferent tubules
• Blood to
glomerulus • Collecting ducts
– Efferent
• Drains
Bagian Ginjal
Renal cortex –
outer region
Renal medulla –
inside the cortex
Renal pelvis –
inner collecting
tube
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 15.2b
Aliran darah (Blood Flow) Ginjal
Figure 15.2c
=uxv/p
Figure 15.3a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Bentuk Nephrons
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Dijumpai pada batas cortex dan medulla
Figure 15.3a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Beda Cortical & Juxtamedullary Nephron
Figure 15.3c
Glomerular
(Bowman’s) capsule
Proximal convoluted
tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted
tubule
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 15.3b
Proses pembentukan urine
a. Filtration
(filtrasi)
b. Reabsorption
(reabsorpsi)
c. Secretion
(sekresi)
Figure 15.4
Figure 15.5
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Karakteristik Urine digunakan
untuk Diagnosa
Warna kuning disebabkan pigment
urochrome (dari penghancuran
hemoglobin) and zat-zat terlarut lain
Steril
Sedikit beraroma
pH Normal sekitar 6 (4.5-8)
Specific gravity : 1.001 to 1.035
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Ureter
Saluran “Tube” yang melekat pada ginjal dan
menuju ke Kandung kemih (bladder)
Merupakan lanjutan renal pelvis
Masuk melalui bagian posterior kandung
kemih. Pajang ureter pada orang dewasa
antara 26-30 cm dengan diameter 4-6 mm
Figure 15.6
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Kandung kemih
Trigone – tiga pembukaan
Dua dari ureter
Satu ke urethrea
Figure 15.6
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
3 Lapisan otot polos (detrusor muscle)
Dinding : tebal dan berlipat saat
kandung kemih kosong
tempat penampungan urine pada
lehernya terdapat spinter interna yang
di kontrol oleh saraf otonom
dapat menampung 300-400 mm urine