Glioblastoma

Ananda Suci Ramadani
REFARAT N 111 18 060

GLIOBLASTOMA
Supervisior/Pembimbing:
dr. Franklin L. Sinanu, Sp.BS

Glioblastoma adalah sebuah tumor sistem saraf pusat PENDAHULUAN
yang terbentuk dari sel glial jaringan otak dan sumsum
Metode pengobatan terbaru dengan
tulang belakang. Tumor ini merupakan tumor yang paling
kombinasi reseksi tumor dan kemoradiasi hanya
umum terjadi dan agresif. Glioblastoma merupakan tumor
otak yang sering disebut astrositoma derajat tinggi atau kelas dapat meningkatkan sedikit survival rate pasien
IV dan Glioblastoma multiforma (GBM), yang tumbuh secara keseluruhan. Diagnosis tumor intrakranial
dengan cepat, menyerang jaringan di dekatnya, dan ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan
mengandung sel-sel yang sangat ganas pemeriksaan penunjang yaitu pemeriksaan
radiologi dan patologi anatomi.
Dengan pemeriksaan klinis sulit
menegakkan diagnosis tumor intrakranial dan
membedakan benigna atau maligna, karena gejala
klinis yang ditemukan tergantung dari lokasi
tumor, kecepatan pertumbuhan masa tumor, dan
cepatnya timbul gejala tekanan tinggi intrakranial
serta efek dari masa tumor kejaringan otak
yang dapat menyebabkan kompresi, infasi, dan
destruksi dari jaringan otak.
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
1 Anatomi dan Fisiologi sistem
saraf pusat
6 Patofisiologi
2 Definisi Glioblastoma
7 Manifestasi klinis
3 Epidemiologi
8 Pemeriksaan Diagnostik
4 Etiologi
9 Penatalaksanaan
10
5 Klasifikasi
10 Prognosis
ANATOMI OTAK
Otak terletak dalam rongga cranium, terdiri atas semua bagian sistem saraf
pusat (SSP) diatas korda spinalis. Secara anatomis terdiri dari cerebrum cerebellum,
brainstem, dan limbic system.
Otak merupakan bagian dari susunan saraf pusat yang terletak di cavum crani, otak
dibentuk oleh cavum neuralis yang membentuk 3 gelembung embrionik primer,
yaitu prosenchephalon, mesensephalon, rhombhencephalon, untuk selanjutnya
berkembang membentuk 5 gelombang embrionik sekunder, yaitu telencephalon,
dienchephalon, mesencephalon, metenchepalon, dan myelencephalon.
Hemisfer cerebri memiliki 6 lobus; lobus frontalis, lobus parietalis, lobus
temporalis, lobus occipitalis, lobus insularis dan lobus limbik. Lobus frontalis, mulai
dari
sulcus sentralis sampai kalopus centralis, terdiri dari gyrus precentralis, girus
frontalis
superior, girus frontalis media, girus frontalis inferior, girus recrus, girus orbitalis,
dan
lobulus paracentralis superior. Lobus parietalis, mulai dari sulcus centralis menuju
lobus
occipitalis dan cranialis dari lobus temporalis, terdiri dari girus post centralis, lobulus
parietalis superior, dan lobulus parietalis inferior posterior.
ANATOMI OTAK
Pembentuk susunan saraf pusat adalah neuron yang

jumlahnya mencapai 100 milyar, didukung oleh sel glia yang
jumlahnya 10 kali lipat dari neuron. Setiap neuron memiliki
tonjolan panjang, akson yang berfungsi membawa informasi
keluar dari neuron (serabut eferen). Selain itu terdapat tonjolan
pendek, dendrit yang berfungsi membawa informasi menuju
neuron (serabut aferen).7
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Sel glia, atau neoroglia (hanya berada pada susunan saraf pusat) berfungsi untuk menyangga dan
metabolik terhadap neuron. Ada 4 macam sel neuroglia; astrosit, oligodendrosit, makroglia dan
mikroglia
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DEFINISI GLIOBLASTOMA
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Juga disebut, glioblastoma, dan
grade astrocytoma IV merupakan glioma yang paling agresif yang
timbul dari sel-sel glia derajat IV berdasarkan WHO pada sistem
saraf pusat Glioblastoma multiforme adalah neoplasma intrakranial
primer yang paling umum terjadi pada dewasa
Glioblastoma adalah sebuah tumor sistem saraf pusat yang

terbentuk dari sel glial jaringan otak dan sumsum tulang
belakang.
Glioblastoma biasanya terjadi pada orang dewasa dan
mempengaruhi otak dari pada sumsum tulang belakang.
Glioblastoma biasanya berkembang terutama di otak pada
subtetorial di batang otak dan otak kecil.
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Ananda Suci Ramadani

REFARAT N 111 18 060

Pembentuk susunan saraf pusat adalah neuron yang

Glioblastoma adalah sebuah tumor sistem saraf pusat yang

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