Pengantar Kuliah HaKI

Dr. Jelly Leviza, S.H., M.Hum

Program Pasca Sarjana Ilmu Hukum
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Medan
2014

1
 REFERENSI
 Sunaryati Hartono, 1982, Hukum Ekonomi
Pembangunan Indonesia, Cet. Pertama Binacipta,
Bandung
 Tim Lindsey et.ai, 2003, Hak Kekayaan Intelektual –
Suatu Pengantar, Alumni, Bandung
 Adi Sulistiyono.2004.Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa
HKI(Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual).Surakarta : UNS
Press.
 OK Sadikin.2004.Aspek Hukum Hak Kekayaan
Intelektual.(Intelectual Property Rights).Jakarta :PT Raja
Grafindo Persada.
 DJHKI, 2003, Panduan HKI
 DJHKI, KOmpilasi UU HKI
 o py r ight
Geogr C
aph ical Ind
ication
s Design Reg
istration

ark Pate
e m n t
Trad
e t
Secr
de
Tra
Tipe-Tipe Hak Kekayaan Intelektual
 Hak Cipta (copyright)
 Hak atas Kekayaan Industri (industrial property
right):
 Paten (patent)
 Merek (trade mark)
 Rahasia Dagang (trade secret)
 Desain Industri (industrial design)
 Desain Tata Letak Sirkuit Terpadu (layout design
of integrated cicuit)
 Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman
 BAGAIMANA HKI
Apabila tidak ada penghargaan HKI?
 Perlindungan: tidak diakui sebagai pencipta-apa
mau?
 Tidak ada insentif? Secara ekonomis/pribadi?
 Penghargaan merupakan suatu kebutuhan?
Peran Negara:
 Keseimbangan antara pemilik HKI dan umum
Prinsip-prinsip:
 Keadilan (the principle of natural justice)
 Ekonomi (the economic argument)
 Kebudayaan (the cultural argument)
 Sosial (the social argument)
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4/
23 WWW.JAMALWIWOHO.COM HAKI. 6
02
 Pengertian Haki
Hak yang timbul untuk melindungi hasil olah pikir
dan/atau kreativitas seseorang yang menghasilkan
suatu produk atau proses yang mempunyai
kegunaan bagi manusia

Hak untuk menikmati secara ekonomis hasil dari

suatu kreativitas intelektual.

Objek yang diatur dalam HKI: karya-karya yang

timbul atau lahir karena kemampuan intelektual
manusia
www.jamalwiwoho.com HAKI. 02/14/23
 Latar Belakang HKI
 Hak alamiah dasar pencipta: berhak memiliki
dan mengontrol ciptaannya – wajar dan adil;

 Sehinggga adalah fair bahwa orang lain yang akan

menggunakan ciptaan orang lain, untuk meminta
izin dari pencipta terlebih dahulu;

 Si pencipta dapat menentukan bagaimana

ciptaannya digunakan ataupun mencegah orang
lain untuk tidak menggunakan ciptaannya

8
 Latar Belakang HKI
Dalam berbisnis, sebuah perusahaan sangat
membutuhkan reputasi yang baik. Untuk
menciptakan reputasi/image ini, mereka seringkali
menghabiskan dana dan waktu yang relatif banyak

Tidak jarang, objek-objek yang dilindungi oleh HKI

selain merupakan produk yang menjadi unggulan bagi
suatu perusahaan juga telah menjadi simbol bagi
perusahaan yang bersangkutan–Image/reputasi

www.jamalwiwoho.com HAKI. 9
 Sejarah Haki ...1
 Kalau dilihat secara historis, undang-undang mengenai HaKI
pertama kali ada di Venice, Italia yang menyangkut masalah
paten pada tahun 1470. Caxton, Galileo dan Guttenberg tercatat
sebagai penemu-penemu yang muncul dalam kurun waktu
tersebut dan mempunyai hak monopoli atas penemuan mereka.

 Hukum-hukum tentang paten tersebut kemudian diadopsi oleh

kerajaan Inggris di jaman Tudor tahun 1500-an dan kemudian
lahir hukum mengenai paten pertama di Inggris yaitu Statute of
Monopolies (1623). AS baru punya UU Paten tahun 1791.

 Upaya harmonisasi dalam bidang HaKI pertama kali terjadi

tahun 1883 dengan lahirnya Paris Convention untuk masalah
paten, merek dagang dan desain. Kemudian Berne Convention
1886 untuk masalah copyright atau hak cipta.

10
 Sejarah Haki... 2
Tujuan dari konvensi-konvensi tersebut antara lain standarisasi,
pembahasan masalah baru, tukar menukar informasi,
perlindungan mimimum dan prosedur mendapatkan hak.

Kedua konvensi itu kemudian membentuk biro administratif

bernama the United International Bureau for the Protection of
Intellectual Property yang kemudian dikenal dengan nama
World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). WIPO
kemudian menjadi badan administratif khusus di bawah PBB
yang menangani masalah HaKI anggota PBB.

Sebagai tambahan pada tahun 2001 World Intellectual Property

Organization (WIPO) telah menetapkan tanggal 26 April
sebagai Hari Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Sedunia.

16/10/2009 11
 How important is IPR?
 The inclusion of the Agreement on TRIPS Agreement
as one of the agreements of the WTO;

 IPRs have become one of the key elements of the

world economy;

 The rapid advance of technology (particularly in

information and communication) has made IPR more
and more important;

 IPRs have become unavoidable in relation to human

interactions and the relation between nations.
16/10/2009 http://www.dgip.go.id:8080/home.en 12
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPs)

The most detailed and

comprehensive
multilateral agreement
on intellectual property
yet negotiated.
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPs)

• TRIPS introduced intellectual property

rules into the multilateral trading system
for the first time.
• Membership in WTO requires a country to
agree to adopt the minimum standards for
intellectual property regulation.
• IP laws are established and enforced by
each individual Member Country.
What areas are covered by TRIPS?
The intellectual property areas covered by the
TRIPs Agreement are:
• Copyright and related rights
• Trademarks
• Industrial designs
• Patents
• Layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits
• Undisclosed information, including trade secrets
• Enforcement
 Inti Perjanjian TRIPs adalah:

1. Meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap HKI dari

produk yang diperdagangkan;
2. Menjamin prosedur pelaksanaan HKI yang tidak
menghambat kegiatan perdagangan;
3. Merumuskan aturan serta disiplin pelaksanaan
perlindungan terhadap HKI;
4. Mengembangkan prinsip, aturan dan mekanisme
kerjasama internasional untuk menangani
perdagangan barang-barang hasil
pemalsuan/pembajakan atas HKI.
 Government of Indonesia has taken a number of significant
measures in establishing and improving the IPR system in the
country. These measures include:
 Revising the existing intellectual property laws and enacting laws on
the new fields of IPR;

 Strengthening the administration and capacity of the intellectual

property office;

 Improving the awareness and understanding of the public on the

importance of the intellectual property system;

 Fostering of closer and mutual cooperation with foreign intellectual

property organizations.

16/10/2009 http://www.dgip.go.id:8080/home.en 17
 Indonesian IP Legislation

Law No. 30 of 2000 regarding Trade Secrets;

2. Law No. 31 of 2000 regarding Industrial

Design;

Law No. 32 of 2000 regarding Lay-out Design of

Integrated Circuit;

Law No. 13 of 2016 regarding Patents;

16/10/2009 18
 Indonesian IP Legislation

Law No. 20 of 2016 regarding Trademarks;

Law No. 28 of 2014 regarding Copyrights;

Law No. 29 of 2000 regarding Plant Variety

Protection

16/10/2009 19
 Indonesian IPR Legislation Main features
among others:
 Recognizing the Commercial Courts as the judicial authorities
in handling IPR civil cases, including its new procedural law
like provisional decision (injunction) and the time period to
settle IPR civil cases;

 Recognizing arbitration or any other alternative disputes

resolutions for IPR disputes settlement;

 Recognizing a minimum sanction and/or fine for IPR infringer;

 Increasing the amount of maximum sanction and/or fine for

IPR infringer.
http://www.ecap-project.org/
16/10/2009 20
how_to_enforce_your_ipr/indonesia.html
 Indonesian IPR Legislation IPR provisions
regulated in other laws

1. Law No. 10 of 1995 Regarding Customs (Chapter X, Art. 53

– 64). This law is administered by Directorate General of
Customs and Excise, Ministry of Finance.

2. Law no. 18 of 2002 regarding the National System of

Research Development and Application of Science and
Technology. (Art. 13 (2, 3, and 4); Art. 16 (1), Art. 23 (1
and 2), and Art. 24 (3 and 4). This law is administered by
The Office of State Minister for Research and Technology.

16/10/2009 21
 Indonesian IP Legislation
Further regulations to improve the implementation of IPR

1. The stipulation of Government Regulation No. 29 0f 2004 (5

October 2004) regarding High Technology Production
Facilities for Optical Disc.
2. The stipulation of Government Regulation No. 1 0f 2005 (4
January 2005) regarding the Procedure of Application of
Industrial Designs.
3. The stipulation of Government Regulation No. 2 0f 2005 (4
January 2005) regarding Consultant of Intellectual Property
Rights.
4. The stipulation of Presidential Regulation No. 20 0f 2005 (5
October 2004) regarding Filing, Examination, and Settlement
Disputes of Trademark Appeal Procedures.
16/10/2009 22
 Indonesian IP Legislation
Further regulations to improve the implementation of IPR
5. The stipulation of Regulation of the Minister of Industry of
2005 regarding Technical Provision on Machines, Machinery
Equipments, Raw Material and Optical Discs.
6. The stipulation of Regulation of the Minister of Trade of 2005
regarding Provision on Importation of Machines, Machinery
Equipments, Raw Material and Optical Discs.
7. The stipulation of Decree of the Minister of Trade and Industry
of 2004 regarding the Report and Supervision of Companies of
Optical Discs Industries.
8. The Stipulation of Decree of Head of the National Agency of
Drug and Food Control of 2003 regarding the Criteria and
Procedure of Drug Registration,
16/10/2009 23
 Indonesian IPR Law International Agreeement
/treaty ratified by Indonesia

1. Paris Convention for Protection of Industrial

Property, and the Agreement Establishing the World
Intellectual Property Organization ratified by
Presidential Decree No. 15 of 1997;

2. Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and Regulation

under the PCT 1970, ratified by Presidential Decree
No. 16 of 1997;

3. Trademark Law Treaty 1994 (TLT), ratified by

Presidential Decree No. 17 of 1997;
16/10/2009 24
 Indonesian IPR Law International
Agreeement/treaty ratified by Indonesia

4. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and

Artistic Works, ratified by Presidential Decree No.
18 of 1997;

5. WIPO Copyright Treaty 1996 (WCT), ratified by

Presidential Decree No. 19 of 1997;

6. WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty 1996

(WPPT), ratified by Presidential Decree No. 74 of
2004.
16/10/2009 25
 Indonesian IPR Law
National Team On Combating IPR Infringement

• President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono had shown clear

support by issuing Decree No. 4 of 2006 in March, which
established a national team for combating the infringement of
intellectual property rights.

• Members of the national team included the National Police

chief and the Attorney General. The team was responsible for
formulating policies, evaluating resolutions, issuing guidance
and directions, providing education to the public, and
enhancing bilateral, regional and multilateral cooperation.

http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/
16/10/2009 26
article.asp?parentid=57150
 Indonesian IPR Law Indonesian Institution
Responsible for IPR

 Directorate General of IPR of the Ministry of Justice and

Human Rights as the government institution responsible for
administering the IPR system in the country.

 It has been working on the establishment of an integrated

automation system coordinated by the Directorate of
Information Technology.

 One of the priorities of the information technology program

is the development of an internet website to disseminate the
national IPRs system throughout the world.

16/10/2009 27
 The judicial power is vested by the 1945 Constitution in the Supreme
Court and its subordinate courts (General Courts, Religious Courts,
Military Courts and Administrative Courts, and also vested in the
Constitutional Court).

 Basically, all criminal and civil cases in Indonesia are handled by the
General Courts. The State Court or Pengadilan Negeri (P.N.) as the first
instance. The High Court or Pengadilan Tinggi (PT) as appeal court or the
second instance. And the Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (MA) as
cassation court or third instance.

 But since the Government of Indonesia has established some other special
courts as first instance in judiciary of General Courts (namely Human
Rights Court, Children Court, Corruption Court, Commercial Court,
Industrial Relation Court, and Marine Fishery Court), some jurisdictions
of the State Courts have been moved to these courts and some of the
procedural law were also changed and/or reform.

16/10/2009 28
 IP Enforcement The Challeges (1/5)
Indonesia’s laws relating to the law enforcement of IPR appear adequate.
However in practice, that it is often difficult to enforce.

1.Lack of understating on  IPR terms

- The term is not strange, but actually it is still not yet fully
understood by many people.
- Many people mix the use of terms used in  IPR  as if they are
of the same meaning, thereby many terms are used  and understood
wrongly;
- We often heard that people use the term trademark, copy
right, patent, design  as if the terms are of the same meaning.

16/10/2009 http://www.imansjahputra.com/?id=10632 29
 IP Enforcement The Challeges (2/5)
2. Law enforcers hardly have the same perception
to interpret some legal terms of IP provisions.

- Lack of understating on  IPR terms effects on the

settlement of dispute in the field of IPR that sometimes it
becomes very complicated.

- Many cases on IPR are perceived as if they all subject

to the same procedures for settlement.

- For example: many cases on patents are tried/settled

based on understanding on the terms used in trademark
law.
16/10/2009 http://www.imansjahputra.com/?id=10632 30
 IP Enforcement The Challeges (3/5)

3. Police rarely have time to investigate IP

cases because they have to deal other
crimes.

4. Some IP right holders also complain that

judges hand down light penalties to person
who conducts IP infringements.

Rahmi Jened, “Current Development of

Intellectual Property in Indonesia”, Faculty
16/10/2009 of Law, Airlangga University. 31
 IP Enforcement The Challeges (4/5)

5. Entrepreneurs and business societies do not want

to take into account the importance of IP, even
less to spent money for some expenditure to get
the IP right that can protect their products since
they assume such expenditure will reduce their
expediting cash flow.

6. Because of our culture as communal society, some

people consider that intellectual creations are
common property, so use or take other person
creation that is a form of their appreciation for the
creation. Rahmi Jened, “Current Development of
Intellectual Property in Indonesia”, Faculty
16/10/2009 32
of Law, Airlangga University.
 IP Enforcement The Challeges (5/5)
7. In terms of exercising their options, IP right-holders more often
choose criminal actions mainly because of their immediate effect
in stopping the violation through seizure of the infringing
products and the machines and tool used in the criminal activities.

8. According to the Business Software Alliance (BSA), software

piracy in Indonesia inflicts around US$70 to $80 million in losses
on the state per year, while a study by the International Data
Corporation reveals that around 87 percent of all software in the
country is pirated.
 

Rahmi Jened, “Current Development of

16/10/2009 Intellectual Property in Indonesia”, Faculty 33
of Law, Airlangga University.
• Strengthens the capacity of law enforces (police,
public prosecutors, customs, judiciaries and Special
investigators of IPR) on the implementation of IPR
system through various programs (training, seminars
and workshop)

• Strengthening and intensifying cooperation and

coordination among law enforcement agencies.

16/10/2009 34
 Kekayaan Intelektual yang dihasilkan oleh
bukan Anak Bangsa (Indonesia)
Disain
Produk
UU NO.31
TH.2000
bentuk 3D baru
Hak Cipta
desain sirkuit
Disain Layout & mechanics
teknologi lama
Sirkuit Terpadu UU NO. 19 TH.2002
Tata letak IC baru UU
NO 32 TH 2000 Paten
 MEMBEDAKAN HAK CIPTA, PATEN, DESAIN INDUSTRI & MEREK

HAK PATEN DESAIN MEREK

CIPTA INDUSTRI
Pedagang/
SUBYEK Pencipta Inventor Pendesain Pengusaha/
Pemilik Merek

Seni, Sastra & IP Invensi Teknologi Desain Simbol dagang

OBYEK (Proses, Alat) penampilan & jasa
produk
Konstitutif
Konstitutif
CARA Deklaratif (tanpa (Pendaftaran) Konstitutif
(Pendaftaran)
pendaftaran) (Pendaftaran)
MENDAPATKAN
PERLINDUNGAN Biasa 20 th
10 th dapat
Meninggal + 50 th Sederhana 10 th 10 tahun diperpanjang
LAMA
PERLINDUNGAN

02/14/23 Rahayu Hartini- FH UMM 36